Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016
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![Page 1: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basic Instrument Scan
T6BDriver.comCreated: 4 Feb 2016Updated: 4 Feb 2016
![Page 2: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview• Information Sources• Attitude Instrument Flying• Control-Performance Method• Scanning (Cross-check)• Scanning Errors• Scan Pattern• Power & Attitude Combinations• Transition Points• Descents
![Page 3: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Instrument Flying• Source Information
• NATOPS Instrument Flight Manual• Chapter 17 covers Attitude Instrument Flying• Information a mix of FAA instrument methods• Electronically issued publication
![Page 4: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Instrument Flying• Source Information
• NATOPS Instrument Flight Manual• Chapter 17 covers Attitude Instrument Flying• Information a mix of FAA instrument methods• Electronically issued publication
• Instrument Flight Training Instruction• Chapter 2 covers Fundamental INAV Concepts• Includes Attitude Instrument Flying & scanning• Not as in-depth source as you would like
![Page 5: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Instrument Flying• Source Information
• FAA Instrument Flying Handbook• Origins routed back to FAA?• Chapter 4 covers Airplane Attitude Instrument flying• Defines Attitude Instrument Flying: The control of an aircraft’s spatial
position by using instruments rather than outside visual references • Defines Several methods used to scan and fly by instruments (Control-
Performance / Primary & Supporting)
![Page 6: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Control-Performance Method• Aircraft performance achieved by controlling aircraft
attitude & power
![Page 7: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Control-Performance Method• Aircraft performance achieved by controlling aircraft
attitude & power
• Instrument Flight Fundamental:
Power + Attitude = Performance
![Page 8: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Control-Performance Method• Aircraft performance achieved by controlling aircraft
attitude & power
• Instrument Flight Fundamental:
Power + Attitude = Performance
• Three categories of instruments:
![Page 9: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Control-Performance Method• Aircraft performance achieved by controlling aircraft
attitude & power
• Instrument Flight Fundamental:
Power + Attitude = Performance
• Three categories of instruments:• Control Instruments
• Display immediate attitude and power indications• Calibrated to permit adjustments in precise amounts
![Page 10: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Control-Performance Method• Aircraft performance achieved by controlling aircraft
attitude & power
• Instrument Flight Fundamental:
Power + Attitude = Performance
• Three categories of instruments:• Control Instruments
• Display immediate attitude and power indications• Calibrated to permit adjustments in precise amounts
• Performance Instruments• Indicate the aircraft’s actual performance• Not always instantaneous
![Page 11: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Control-Performance Method• Aircraft performance achieved by controlling aircraft
attitude & power
• Instrument Flight Fundamental:
Power + Attitude = Performance
• Three categories of instruments:• Control Instruments
• Display immediate attitude and power indications• Calibrated to permit adjustments in precise amounts
• Performance Instruments• Indicate the aircraft’s actual performance• Not always instantaneous
• Navigation Instruments• Indicate position of aircraft in relation to navigation facility/fix• Learn to incorporate in I22XX block of training
![Page 12: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls
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Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
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Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
![Page 15: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
Power
Attitude
Trim
![Page 16: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
Power
Attitude
Trim
“PAT Principle”
![Page 17: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
Power – Torque
Attitude
Trim
“PAT Principle”
![Page 18: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
Power – Torque
Attitude – Pitch & Bank
Trim
“PAT Principle”
![Page 19: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
Power – Torque
Attitude – Pitch & Bank
Trim – Ail/Elev/Rudder
“PAT Principle”
![Page 20: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
Power – Torque
Attitude – Pitch & Bank
Trim – Ail/Elev/Rudder
“PAT Principle”
-20% Rule of thumb for approximate AOB (max of 30° AOB)
Airspeed SRT200 KIAS 30°150 KIAS ≈25°
200 KIAS SRT
150 KIAS SRT
![Page 21: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
Power – Torque
Attitude – Pitch & Bank
Trim – Ail/Elev/Rudder
“PAT Principle”
Altitude
-20% Rule of thumb for approximate AOB (max of 30° AOB)
Airspeed SRT200 KIAS 30°150 KIAS ≈25°
![Page 22: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
Power – Torque
Attitude – Pitch & Bank
Trim – Ail/Elev/Rudder
“PAT Principle”
Altitude
Airspeed
-20% Rule of thumb for approximate AOB (max of 30° AOB)
Airspeed SRT200 KIAS 30°150 KIAS ≈25°
![Page 23: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
Power – Torque
Attitude – Pitch & Bank
Trim – Ail/Elev/Rudder
“PAT Principle”
Altitude
Airspeed
Slip-Skid & Turn Rate
-20% Rule of thumb for approximate AOB (max of 30° AOB)
Airspeed SRT200 KIAS 30°150 KIAS ≈25°
![Page 24: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Control-Performance Method
Setting Controls Known PerformanceGives
Adjust
Power – Torque
Attitude – Pitch & Bank
Trim – Ail/Elev/Rudder
“PAT Principle”
Altitude
Airspeed
Slip-Skid & Turn Rate
Heading
-20% Rule of thumb for approximate AOB (max of 30° AOB)
Airspeed SRT200 KIAS 30°150 KIAS ≈25°
![Page 25: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Scanning• Most basic skill in attitude instrument flying
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Scanning• Most basic skill in attitude instrument flying
• Also referred to as “Cross-check”
![Page 27: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Scanning• Most basic skill in attitude instrument flying
• Also referred to as “Cross-check”
• Scanning is not just looking
![Page 28: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Scanning• Most basic skill in attitude instrument flying
• Also referred to as “Cross-check”
• Scanning is not just looking
• Scanning incorporates:• Knowing where to look & when to look• Interpreting (reading) the instrument• Calculating deviation from desired performance• Going back to set correction on control instruments• Re-checking performance instruments to ensure correction working
![Page 29: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Scanning• Most basic skill in attitude instrument flying
• Also referred to as “Cross-check”
• Scanning is not just looking
• Scanning incorporates:• Knowing where to look & when to look• Interpreting (reading) the instrument• Calculating deviation from desired performance• Going back to set correction on control instruments• Re-checking performance instruments to ensure correction working
• Various BI maneuvers help improve scan• All maneuvers work basic scan rhythm (where & when) & deviations (corrections)• Timed Turns & S1 – Works deviation recognition & corrections to precise levels• Steep Turns – Works speed of scan• GCA & App Pattern – Work basic transitions & setting known Pwr/Attitude combo
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Scanning Errors• Improper Scan
• Looking at/emphasizing the wrong instrument during a maneuver (omission)• Beginning to scan from control instruments before the controls are set• Moving eyes between instruments but not reading or making corrections to deviations
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Scanning Errors• Improper Scan
• Looking at/emphasizing the wrong instrument during a maneuver (omission)• Beginning to scan from control instruments before the controls are set• Moving eyes between instruments but not reading or making corrections to deviations
• Slow Scan• Eye movement from scanned area to area is slow due to reading instrument or unfamiliarity of pattern• Delays returning to controls causing deviations to grow before corrections
![Page 32: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Scanning Errors• Improper Scan
• Looking at/emphasizing the wrong instrument during a maneuver (omission)• Beginning to scan from control instruments before the controls are set• Moving eyes between instruments but not reading or making corrections to deviations
• Slow Scan• Eye movement from scanned area to area is slow due to reading instrument or unfamiliarity of pattern• Delays returning to controls causing deviations to grow before corrections
• Stagnating Scan/Fixation• Tendency to stare at one instrument for too long causing a breakdown in scan pattern & efficiency• Occurs reading instruments, trying to calculate deviations, trying to be too precise on performance instruments
![Page 33: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Scanning Errors• Improper Scan
• Looking at/emphasizing the wrong instrument during a maneuver (omission)• Beginning to scan from control instruments before the controls are set• Moving eyes between instruments but not reading or making corrections to deviations
• Slow Scan• Eye movement from scanned area to area is slow due to reading instrument or unfamiliarity of pattern• Delays returning to controls causing deviations to grow before corrections
• Stagnating Scan/Fixation• Tendency to stare at one instrument for too long causing a breakdown in scan pattern & efficiency• Occurs reading instruments, trying to calculate deviations, trying to be too precise on performance instruments
• Chasing Performance Instruments• Making movements with the controls while looking at a performance instrument vice setting new controls• Common error because grades are given of errors from the performance instruments
![Page 34: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Scan Pattern• Need to spend approx. 80% (50% FTI) of time on control instruments
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Scan Pattern• Need to spend approx. 80% (50% FTI) of time on control instruments
• Hub-Spoke is most common• Center of scan is the control instruments• Quick scans out to performance instruments & then back to control instruments• Others include: Selected Radial, Inverted-V, Rectangular, circular cross-checks• Glass cockpit makes scan easier than “steam gauges”
![Page 36: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Power & Attitude Combinations• Need to know what controls to set for desired performance
![Page 37: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Power & Attitude Combinations• Need to know what controls to set for desired performance
• Identify performance areas that are common and then figure control combination (reverse engineering)
![Page 38: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Power & Attitude Combinations• Need to know what controls to set for desired performance
• Identify performance areas that are common and then figure control combination (reverse engineering)
• Memorize these combinations to make scanning easier• Chapter 2 Table• Chapter 5 Table• Power w/i 3% (power variable due to atmosphere or altitude)
![Page 39: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Power & Attitude Combinations• Need to know what controls to set for desired performance
• Identify performance areas that are common and then figure control combination (reverse engineering)
• Memorize these combinations to make scanning easier• Chapter 2 Table• Chapter 5 Table• Power w/i 3% (power variable due to atmosphere or altitude)
• FTI differences pointed out in this briefing and videos• Some number variance• Look at a pitch “picture” vice a number
![Page 40: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
![Page 41: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
100%
8-10° NH
![Page 42: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
100%
8-10° NH
100%
15° NH
![Page 43: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
100%
8-10° NH
100%
15° NH
50% + Alt(54% FTI)
0° NH
![Page 44: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
100%
8-10° NH
100%
15° NH
50% + Alt (54% FTI)
0° NH
31-33%
2° NH (3° FTI)
![Page 45: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
100%
8-10° NH
100%
15° NH
50% + Alt(54% FTI)
0° NH
31-33%
2° NH (3° FTI)
≈170 KIAS
![Page 46: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
100%
8-10° NH
100%
15° NH
50% + Alt(54% FTI)
0° NH
31-33%
2° NH (3° FTI)
≈170 KIAS
37%(35% FTI)
2.5° NH (3° FTI)
![Page 47: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
100%
8-10° NH
100%
15° NH
50% + Alt(54% FTI)
0° NH
31-33%
2° NH (3° FTI)
≈170 KIAS
37%(35% FTI)
2.5° NH (3° FTI)
24%
0° NH
![Page 48: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
100%
8-10° NH
100%
15° NH
50% + Alt (54% FTI)
0° NH
31-33%
2° NH (3° FTI)
≈170 KIAS
37%(35% FTI)
2.5° NH (3° FTI)
24%
0° NH
15%
2° NL (1° FTI)
![Page 49: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
100%
8-10° NH
100%
15° NH
50% + Alt(54% FTI)
0° NH
31-33%
2° NH (3° FTI)
≈170 KIAS
37%(35% FTI)
2.5° NH (3° FTI)
24%
0° NH
15%
2° NL (1° FTI)
15%
55%50% Low
2° NL
5° NH (4° FTI)
![Page 50: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Power & Attitude CombinationsPerformance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude Performance
Controls
Power Attitude
Cruise Climb180 KIAS/clean
Max Rate Climb140 KIAS/clean
Normal Cruise200 KIAS/clean
Slow Cruise/Holding150 KIAS/clean
Basic App Config (BAC)120 KIAS/Gear ↓/Flaps TO
Precision App Final(ILS/PAR)600 FPM descent/BAC
Non Precision App Final(LOC, VOR, GPS, ASR)1000 FPM descent/BAC
S1 ↓150 KIAS/clean
S1 ↑150 KIAS/clean
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
60° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
100%
8-10° NH
100%
15° NH
50% + Alt(54% FTI)
0° NH
31-33%
2° NH (3° FTI)
≈170 KIAS
37%(35% FTI)
2.5° NH (3° FTI)
24%
0° NH
15%
2° NL (1° FTI)
15%
55%50% Low
2° NL
5° NH (4° FTI)
45° Steep Turn150 KIAS/clean
45%40% Low
60%55% Low
3° NH
5° NH (4° FTI)
![Page 51: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Transition Points• Used during scan to mark point at which you return to the controls to reset the power & attitude for the next
performance requirement
• Defined for Airspeed, Altitude, & Heading:
![Page 52: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Transition Points• Used during scan to mark point at which you return to the controls to reset the power & attitude for the next
performance requirement
• Defined for Airspeed, Altitude, & Heading:
Airspeed: 5 KIAS prior to desired Airspeed
![Page 53: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Transition Points• Used during scan to mark point at which you return to the controls to reset the power & attitude for the next
performance requirement
• Defined for Airspeed, Altitude, & Heading:
Airspeed:
Altitude:
5 KIAS prior to desired Airspeed
50’ prior (≤1,000’ FPM) / 100’ prior (descent)200’ prior (climb) / 10% VVI (max rate climb)
![Page 54: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Transition Points• Used during scan to mark point at which you return to the controls to reset the power & attitude for the next
performance requirement
• Defined for Airspeed, Altitude, & Heading:
Airspeed:
Altitude:
Heading:
5 KIAS prior to desired Airspeed
50’ prior (≤1,000’ FPM) / 100’ prior (descent)200’ prior (climb) / 10% VVI (max rate climb)
1/3 AOB Rule of Thumb -Start with 10° prior -Most use 5° prior -Use bracket technique -Use side of Hdg Box for ref
15° 20°
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Descents• Enroute Descent
• Used when descending from higher enroute structure where speed & alt loss is not a big factor (note: 250 KIAS below 10,000 MSL)• See NATOPS appendix A for max range descents and other descent profiles• FTI procedure calls for 1,000-4,000 FPM descent rate & speed as required
![Page 56: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Descents• Enroute Descent
• Used when descending from higher enroute structure where speed & alt loss is not a big factor (note: 250 KIAS below 10,000 MSL)• See NATOPS appendix A for max range descents and other descent profiles• FTI procedure calls for 1,000-4,000 FPM descent rate & speed as required
• Terminal Descent• Used in Terminal Area where speed is constant to maintain predictability during vectoring• FTI procedure calls for 200 KIAS & descent rate as required
![Page 57: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Descents• Enroute Descent
• Used when descending from higher enroute structure where speed & alt loss is not a big factor (note: 250 KIAS below 10,000 MSL)• See NATOPS appendix A for max range descents and other descent profiles• FTI procedure calls for 1,000-4,000 FPM descent rate & speed as required
• Terminal Descent• Used in Terminal Area where speed is constant to maintain predictability during vectoring• FTI procedure calls for 200 KIAS & descent rate as required
Enroute Descent:
Terminal Descent:
Airspeed VSI
As Req
As Req
1,000-4,000 FPM
200 KIAS
![Page 58: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Descents• Enroute Descent
• Used when descending from higher enroute structure where speed & alt loss is not a big factor (note: 250 KIAS below 10,000 MSL)• See NATOPS appendix A for max range descents and other descent profiles• FTI procedure calls for 1,000-4,000 FPM descent rate & speed as required
• Terminal Descent• Used in Terminal Area where speed is constant to maintain predictability during vectoring• FTI procedure calls for 200 KIAS & descent rate as required
Enroute Descent:
Terminal Descent:
Airspeed VSI
As Req
As Req
1,000-4,000 FPM
200 KIAS
????
Help!
![Page 59: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Descents
Enroute Descent:
Airspeed VSIPower Attitude
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Descents
Enroute Descent:
Airspeed VSIPower Attitude
10% 10° NL
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Descents
Enroute Descent:
Airspeed VSIPower Attitude
10% 10° NL 4,000 FPM220 KIAS
![Page 62: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Descents
Enroute Descent:
Airspeed VSIPower Attitude
10% 10° NL 4,000 FPM220 KIAS
Terminal Descent: 20% 5° NL
![Page 63: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Descents
Enroute Descent:
Airspeed VSIPower Attitude
10% 10° NL 4,000 FPM220 KIAS
Terminal Descent: 20% 5° NL 200 KIAS 2,000 FPM
![Page 64: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Descents
Enroute Descent:
Airspeed VSIPower Attitude
10% 10° NL 4,000 FPM220 KIAS
Terminal Descent: 20% 5° NL 200 KIAS 2,000 FPM
** 5% Torque = 1° Pitch change **
![Page 65: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Descents
Enroute Descent:
Airspeed VSIPower Attitude
10% 10° NL 4,000 FPM220 KIAS
Terminal Descent: 20% 5° NL 200 KIAS 2,000 FPM
** 5% Torque = 1° Pitch change **
15% 6° NL
10%
5%
7° NL
8° NLIDLE% 11° NL
![Page 66: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Descents
Enroute Descent:
Airspeed VSIPower Attitude
10% 10° NL 4,000 FPM220 KIAS
Terminal Descent: 20% 5° NL 200 KIAS 2,000 FPM
** 5% Torque = 1° Pitch change **
15% 6° NL
10%
5%
7° NL
8° NL
2,300 FPM
3,200 FPM
4,600 FPM
2,700 FPM
200 KIAS
200 KIAS
200 KIAS
200 KIASIDLE% 11° NL
![Page 67: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Descents
Enroute Descent:
Airspeed VSIPower Attitude
10% 10° NL 4,000 FPM220 KIAS
Terminal Descent: 20% 5° NL 200 KIAS 2,000 FPM
** 5% Torque = 1° Pitch change **
15% 6° NL
10%
5%
7° NL
8° NL
2,300 FPM
3,200 FPM
4,600 FPM
2,700 FPM
200 KIAS
200 KIAS
200 KIAS
200 KIAS
Controls(PAT)
IDLE% 11° NL
![Page 68: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Descents
Enroute Descent:
Airspeed VSIPower Attitude
10% 10° NL 4,000 FPM220 KIAS
Terminal Descent: 20% 5° NL 200 KIAS 2,000 FPM
** 5% Torque = 1° Pitch change **
15% 6° NL
10%
5%
7° NL
8° NL
2,300 FPM
3,200 FPM
4,600 FPM
2,700 FPM
200 KIAS
200 KIAS
200 KIAS
200 KIAS
Controls(PAT)
IDLE% 11° NL
Performance
![Page 69: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Summary• Information Sources• Attitude Instrument Flying• Control-Performance Method• Scanning (Cross-check)• Scanning Errors• Scan Pattern• Power & Attitude Combinations• Transition Points• Descents
![Page 70: Basic Instrument Scan Created: 4 Feb 2016](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052607/5a4d1b6e7f8b9ab0599b47a7/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Basic Instrument Scan
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