Basic Hindi | Lesson 2 | Basic pronouns
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Transcript of Basic Hindi | Lesson 2 | Basic pronouns
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Namastē! Lesson 2 | Basic Hindi
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Lesson object
1 Basic pronouns
2 'to-be' verb
3 Basic sentences
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Revision
English Hindi
Hello Namastē
Who are you? Āp kaun haiṁ?
Lisa eats apples Lisā sēb khātī hai
I am Lisa Maiṁ Lisā hooṁ
I am British Maiṁ Briṭiśha hooṁ
I am pretty Maiṁ sundar hooṁ
Lisa eats oranges Lisā santarē khātī hai
I am Indian Maiṁ Bhāratīya hooṁ
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Lesson objects
1 Basic pronouns
2 ''to-be' verb
3 Basic sentences
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Basic pronouns
I
Maiṁ
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Basic pronouns
You
Āp
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Culturally speaking : Forms of you
In India, there are various forms of 'You' which are usually used to differentiate between formal and informal settings
However, we would stick to the more common (and formal) form : Āp
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Pronouncing Āp
You (Āp) stresses on the first ā only The pronunciation follows the same
pattern as in 'harp'
Phonetically, we would write harp as hārp
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Basic pronouns
We
Hum
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Basic pronouns
Vaha is pronounced asv +|unstressed a|+ h +|unstressed a
He
Vaha
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Basic pronouns
Vaha is pronounced asv +|unstressed a|+ h +|unstressed a
She
Vaha
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Basic Pronouns
Vaha can be used for both 'he' and 'she' - it isneutral gender
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Basic pronouns
They
Yē / vē
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Basic Pronouns
We use Yē for people in close proximity and Vē for people who are not in close proximity
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Basic pronouns
English Hindi
I Maiṁ
You Āp
We Hum
He Vaha
She Vaha
They Yē / vē
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Lets see if you remember…
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Exercise : Pick the right option
'We' translates to ___
1
Āp
2
Hum
3
Vaha
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Solution
'We' translates to ___
1
Āp
2
Hum
3
Vaha
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Recall what the other options translate as!
English Hindi
You Āp
He/she Vaha
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Lesson object
1 Basic pronouns
2 'to-be' verb
3 Basic sentences
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Grammar tip
Just like English, the 'to-be' verb (am, is, are) takes various forms in Hindi
The form it takes depends on the subject (1st / 2nd / 3rd person) and whether the
subject is singular/plural
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'to-be' verb
Am
Hooṁ
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Pronouncing hooṁ
ṁ is like a short 'n' sound
The last ṁ in hooṁ is pronounced nasally and carries a slight 'n' sound
to it like in 'angst'
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'to-be' verb
Are
Haiṁ
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Pronouncing haiṁ
ṁ is like a short 'n' sound
The last ṁ in haiṁ is pronounced nasally and carries a slight 'n' sound to
it like in 'angst'
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'to-be' verb
Is
Hai
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'to-be' verb
English Hindi
Am Hooṁ
Are Haiṁ
Is Hai
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'to-be' verb
English Hindi
I am Maiṁ hooṁ
You are Āp haiṁ
She is Vaha hai
They are Yē / vē haiṁ
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Try yourself
Problem 1 : I am
Problem 2 : He is
Problem 2 : They are
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Solution
English Hindi
I am Maiṁ hooṁ
He is Vaha hai
They are Yē / vē haiṁ
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Examples
English Hindi
I am Mark Maiṁ Mārk hooṁ
She is Lisa Vaha Lisā hai
He is John Vaha John hai
They are Americans Yē Amērikans haiṁ
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Lesson objects
1 Basic pronouns
2 'to-be' verb
3 Basic sentences Basic sentences
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Basic sentences
I am an Indian
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Solution
I am an Indian
Maiṁ hooṁ ēk Bhāratīya
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Grammar tip
'an Indian'= 'one Indian' Hence, it is translated as 'Ēk'
'Ēk' literally means 'one'...
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Grammar tip
‘An Indian’= 'Ēk Bhāratīya'
Ēk takes up the form of an adjective heredescribing the noun Bhāratīya (Indian)
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Grammar tip
Ēk takes up the form of an adjective in 'Ēk Bhāratīya'
In Hindi adjectives always come before the word they describe
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Solution
Sentence structureSubject | adjective | object | 'to-be' verb
I am an Indian
Maiṁ ēk Bhāratīya hooṁ
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So remember!
I am an Indian = Maiṁ ēk Bhāratīya hooṁ
Just like English, adjective come before the noun they describe
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Basic sentences
She is a girl
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Basic sentences
She is a girl
Vaha hai ēk laḍkī
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Basic sentences
Sentence structureSubject | adjective | (object) | 'to-be' verb
She is a girl
Vaha ēk laḍkī hai
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Basic sentences
You are a boy
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Basic sentences
You are a boy
Āp haiṁ ēk laḍkē
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Basic sentences
Sentence structureSubject | adjective | (object) | 'to-be' verb
You are a boy
Āp ēk laḍkē haiṁ
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Did you notice?
We are using laḍkē (plural) and not laḍkā (singular) as we are addressing
the person as Āp
This is used as we are showing respect
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Use of Plural Forms - Showing Respect
You will notice, that in Hindi, the sentences whereyou have to give respect to the person addressed,you use the plural forms of verbs and adjectives.
Keep this in mind as we go forward.
E.g You are a boy = Āp ēk laḍkē haiṁ (not Āp ēklaḍka hai)
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Revision: 'to-be' verb
English Hindi
I am Maiṁ hooṁ
You are Āp haiṁ
She is Vaha hai
They are Yē / vē haiṁ
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Revision: Examples
English Hindi
I am Mark Maiṁ Mārk hooṁ
She is Lisa Vaha Lisā hai
He is John Vaha John hai
They are Americans Yē Amērikans haiṁ
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Revision
English Hindi
I Maiṁ
You Āp
We Hum
He Vaha
She Vaha
They Yē / vē
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Revision
English Hindi
I am Maiṁ hooṁ
He is Vaha hai
They are Yē / vē haiṁ
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Revision
English Hindi
I am an Indian Maiṁ ēk Bhāratīya hooṁ
She is a girl Vaha ēk laḍkī hai
You are a boy Āp ēk laḍkē haiṁ
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Culture leaf
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Culture leaf : Holidays in India
India, being a culturally diverse and zealous society,
celebrates various holidays
There are three national holidays in India: Independence
Day (India), Republic Day (India) and Gandhi Jayanti
States and regions also have their own
local festivals and holidays
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Culture leaf
The Kumbh Mela (or Grand Pitcher
Festival) is a huge Hindu religious festival
It takes place in India every 12 years
In 2001, 60 million people attended
the Kumbh Mela, breaking the record
for the world’s biggest gathering
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What’s next?
In the next lesson we will learn basic expressions, such as greetings and
goodbyes!
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Credits
Content
CultureAlley
Culture leaf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_India
Images
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki User:Yosarian
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Dhan'yavād! See you at the Alley!
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