Basic General Science Questions

8/12/2019 Basic General Science Questions

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Basic General Science Questions & Answers

NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE - 98.4FBLOOD GROUP CALLED "UNIVERSAL DONOR " - O GROUPCIRCULATORY SYSTEMS POWER SUPPLY - HEART

ORGAN REMOVES WASTES AND EXCESS WATER FROM THE BLOOD - KIDNEYSTUDY OF TWINS - GEMELLOLOGYNATIONAL SCIENCE DAY - FEBRUARY 28NUMBER OF BONES IN THE HUMAN BODY - 206"BLOOD GROUP CALLED "UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT " - AB GROUPSIGNIFICANCE OF FEBRUARY 28 ( SCIENCE DAY) - DISCOVERY OF RAMAN EFFECTFIRST ANTIBIOTIC DRUG - PENCILLINWORLDS BIGGEST WATER PLANT - AMAZON WATER LILLYORGAN CONTROLS BODY TEMPERATURE - SKINHARDEST SUBSTANCE IN THE HUMAN BODY - TOOTH ENAMELDISEASE CAUSED BY THE BITE OF A MAD DOG - HYDROPHOBIADEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN DLEADS TO - RICKETSA HUMAN HEART HAS HOW MANY CHAMBERS - FOUR

THE BALANCING ORGAN OF OUR BODY - EARWHAT IS CALLED SUICIDAL BAGS - LYSOSOMETHE SMALLEST BONE IN THE HUMAN BODY - STAPESVITAMIN WHICH IS PRODUCED BY THE SUNLIGHT - VITAMIN DTHE COLOURING PIGMENT OF BILE? - BILIRUBINETHE ENZYME WHICH DIGEST THE PROTEIN? - PEPSINTHE ENZYME WHICH DIGEST THE FAT ? - LIPASETHE ENZYME WHICH DIGEST THE STARCH? - AMYLASEWHICH WAS THE FIRST METAL MADE BY MAN? - COPPERWHICH IS KNOWN AS ANIMAL STARCH? - GLYCOGENUNIT OF LOUDNESS OF SOUND? - DECIBELUNIT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT? - AMPERESTEAM ENGINE? - JAMES WATT

RADIO ACTIVITY ? - HENTRY BECQUERELFIRST HEART TRANSPLANT OPERATON? - CHRISTAIN BARNARDTHE FIRST INDIAN SATELLITE? - ARYBHATTAINDIAS FIRST NUCLEAR EXPLOSION? - POKHRANNOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS? - MARIE CURIECHARLS DARWIN BELONGS TO? - BRITAINTHEORY OF RELATIVITY - EINSTEINQUANTUM THEORY - MAX PLANKX-RAYS - RONTGENDNA DOUBLE HELIX MODEL - WATSON AND CRICKDEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN C LEADS TO - SCURVYPROLONGED BLEEDING DUE TO - DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN KTO MEASURE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE - BAROMETER

STUDY OF BIRDS - ORNITHOLOGYSTAMP COLLECTION - PHILATELYSTUDY OF COINS - NUMISMATICSSCIENCE OF OLD AGE - GERENTOLOGYANTI TUBERCULOSIS VACCINE - BCGDRY ICE - SOLID CARBON DIOXIDEGREEN PIGMENT IN PLANT LEAF - CHLOROPHYLALZHEIMER DAY OBSERVED IN - SEPTEMBER 21ASTRONOMICAL MEASURE OF DISTANCE - LIGHT YEARNATURE AND PROPERTIES OF LIGHT - OPTICSPOMOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF - FRUITS


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Objective general awareness for fothcomming exam

1.Who amongst the following is the author of the book 'Straight from the Heart '?

(A) Kapil Dev

(B) Nelson Mandela

(C) Benazir Bhutto

(D) Tami Hoag

Ans : (D)

2. Which of the following earthquake waves pass through the core of the earth?

(A) P

(B) S

(C) P and S

(D) None of these

Ans : (C)

3. Who has designed the National Flag of India?

(A) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

(B) Ravidas

(C) Mahatma Gandhi

(D) Pingly Vekaiyya

Ans : (D)

4. Under the reign of which emperor, Sir Thomas Roe visited India?

(A) Shershah Suri

(B) Akbar

(C) Jahangir

(D) Shahjahan

Ans : (C)


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5. Who was known as the Punjab Kesari ?

(A) Subash Chandra Bose

(B) Lala Lajpat Rai

(C) Prakash Singh Badal

(D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Ans : (B)

6. Indifference Curve moves

(A) From left to right and down-wards

(B) From left to right and upwards

(C) From left to right but parallel to Y-axis

(D) Move upwards parallel to Y-axis

Ans : (A)

7. The 2010 Mens Hockey World Cup will be held in :

(A) India

(B) Japan

(C) Malaysia

(D) Sweden

Ans : (A)

8. Who said "Man is a social Animal" ?

(A) Aristotle

(B) Plato

(C) Loski

(D) Rousseau

Ans : (A)

9. The American President is elected by


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(A) People

(B) The Congress

(C) Electrol College

(D) Senate

Ans : (C)

10. Census was introduced first time in India in time of

(A) Lord Carnwallis

(B) Lord William Bentic

(C) Lord Rippon

(D) Lord Clive

Ans : (C)

11. The nucleus of a conjugal unit is the relation of

(A) Husband and Wife

(B) Parents and Children

(C) Shivling

(D) All of the above

Ans : (B)

12. The major Rabi Crop in India is

(A) Barley

(B) Pulses

(C) Wheat

(D) Rapeseed

Ans : (C)

13. Which of the following is an objective method of measuring personality?

(A) Interview


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(B) Questionnaire

(C) Observation

(D) All of the above

Ans : (B)

14. To clean ink spots from furniture one should use

(A) Linseed oil

(B) Eucalyptus oil

(C) Oxalic acid

(D) Spirit

Ans : (C)

15. Members of International Court of Justice are elected for a period of

(A) 8 years

(B) 9 years

(C) 5 years

(D) 4 years

Ans : (B)

16. Who is regarded the prime mover of the Bhakti Andolan ?

(A) Shankaracharya

(B) Ramanujacharya

(C) Vallabhacharya

(D) Madhavacharya

Ans : (C)

17. Ghana Bird Sanctuary is situated in

(A) Uttar Pradesh

(B) Uttaranchal


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(C) Madhya Pradesh

(D) Rajasthan

Ans : (D)

18. Which language is spoken next to Hindi, in terms of number of people in India?

(A) Bengali

(B) Marathi

(C) Tamil

(D) Telugu

Ans : (A)

19. Who wrote 'Panchatantra' ?

(A) Bhavabhuti

(B) Narayan Sharma

(C) Vishnu Sharma

(D) Sriharsha

Ans : (C)

20. Which of the following is a grammatical treatise?

(A) Ritu Samhat

(B) Panchatantra

(C) Uttarramcharita

(D) Ashtadhyayi

Ans : (D)

21. Which Schedule of the Constitution of India provides for the disqualification of aLegislator on grounds of defection ?

(A) 12th Schedule

(B) 10th Schedule

(C) 11th Schedule


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(D) None of these

Ans : (B)

22. 'Andha Yuga' is written by

(A) Dharmaveer Bharati

(B) Amrit Lal Nagar

(C) Mohan Rakesh

(D) Shayam Manohar Joshi

Ans : (A)

23. 'Elia' was the pen name of

(A) Charles Lamb

(B) J. B. Priestly

(C) A. G. Gardiner

(D) Robert Lynd

Ans : (A)

24. 'A thing of beauty is a joy forever' is written by

(A) Keats

(B) Shelley

(C) Wordsworth

(D) Byron

Ans : (A)

25. Author of 'Gitanjali' is

(A) Aurobindo

(B) Tom Dutt

(C) Rabindra Nath Tagore

(D) Sarojini Naidu


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Ans : (C)

26. Which is the largest island of the World?

(A) Greenland

(B) Medagaskar

(C) New Guienne

(D) Great Britain

Ans : (A)

27. The World Heritage Day is observed on

(A) March 18

(B) April 20

(C) March 20

(D) April 18i

Ans : (D)

28. The head of the State Bank of India is Designated as -

(A) Executive Director

(B) Governor

(C) Deputy Governor

(D) Chairman

Ans : (D)

29. Which of the following gases does not form part of the atmosphere?

(A) Nitorgen

(B) Chlorine

(C) Oxygen

(D) Carbon dioxide

Ans : (B)


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30. The headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defence is located in

(A) Marlborough House

(B) The Pentagon

(C) White House

(D) None of these

Ans : (B)

31. The Secretariat of the UN is headed by

(A) Security Council

(B) Secretary General

(C) Chairman

(D) President of General Assembly

Ans : (B)

32. India's national calendar is based on

(A) Saka era

(B) Christian era

(C) Buddhist era

(D) Vedic era

Ans : (A)

33. Who amongst the following won the "WTA Player of the year" Award ?

(A) Serena Williams

(B) Jelena Jankovic

(C) Sania Mirza

(D) Justin Henin

Ans : (D)

34. The foreign trade policy announced in the year 2004 was announced for a period of -


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(A) Two Years

(B) Five Years

(C) Six Years

(D) Four Years

Ans : (B)

35. When was the capital of India shifted from Calcutta to Delhi?

(A) 1906

(B) 1910

(C) 1911

(D) 1901

Ans : (C)

36. 'Economic Justice' as one of the objectives of the Indian Constitution has been providedin the

(A) Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

(B) Preamble and Directive Principles

(C) Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

(D) None of these

Ans : (A)

37. India earns maximum foreign exchange through the export of

(A) Tea

(B) Jute

(C) Coffee

(D) None of these

Ans : (A)

38. Which article of the Indian Constitution recognises Hindi in Devanagari script as the

official language of India?


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(A) Article 345

(B) Article 343

(C) Article 348

(D) None of these

Ans : (B)

39. Name the periodical which Gandhiji published during his stay in South Africa

(A) Indian Opinion

(B) Young India

(C) Afrikaner

(D) None of these

Ans : (A)

40. Which country is known as the 'Sugar Bowl' of the world?

(A) India

(B) Cuba

(C) Brazil

(D) U.S.A.

Ans : (B)

41. Which of the following ports has a free trade zone?

(A) Cochin

(B) Mumbai

(C) Mormugao

(D) Kandla

Ans : (D)

42. Which of the following museum is located at New Delhi?

(A) Government Museum


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(B) Salar Jung Museum

(C) National Museum of Natural History

(D) Prince of Wales Museum

Ans : (A)

43. The Reserve Bank of India was established in

(A) 1935

(B) 1947

(C) 1952

(D) 1969

Ans : (A)

44. Lala Hardayal was an active member of which of the following parties?

(A) Gadar Party

(B) Anushilan Samiti

(C) Kirti-Kisan Sabha

(D) Hindustan Socialist Association

Ans : (A)

45. Who amongst the following of Indian origin is nominated as the Governor of Louisianaan American State ?

(A) Lakshmi Mittal

(B) Bobby Jindal

(C) Ratan Tata

(D) V.S.Naipaul

Ans : (B)

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Posted byallexamWednesday, July 30, 2008at2:59 AM

Basic General Knowledge : Facts Of India

1.Red cross was founded by-J.H. Durant , Established in 1864 World red Cross day iscelebrated on

May 8,The Birthday its founder J.H. Durant.2.Sir Robert S.S Baden Powell is the founder of scouting3.Who gave the call go back to Vedas-Dayanand4.The construction of Qutab Minar was begun by Quatab-ud-din Aibak but it was complateed bylltutumish.5.Who built the Sanchi Stupa- Agratala.6.Who founded slave dynasty in 1206 A.D.- Quatab-ud-din Aibak.7.The Capital of Tripura is Agratala.8. The Capital of Mizoram is aizawl.9. The Capital of Australia isCanberra.10.Spring tides occurs on- Full moon day as well on new moon day.11.Tides in the oceans are caused by-Attraction of the moon.12.Buddhism place of worship is-Pongda.

13.Jews place of worship is-Synagogue.14.Holish book of Jews-Talmud.15.Malguddi days written byR.K. Naraynan16.Das capital-Karl Marx17.The father of Economics- Adam smith.18.The Chipko Movement was associated with-preventing felling of trees.19.Pashmina is a breed of -Sheep.20.What is the meaning of BuddhaAn enlightened one.21.Which is the holy book of Parsis- Jorah22.Parliament of U.S.A is known as- Congress23. Parliament of Afghanistan- Shoora24. Parliament of Russia-Duma.25. Parliament of JapanDiet.

26.SARS:-It Stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. SARS is caused by viruses from thecorona and paramyxo virus family.27.New Governors of India:--Kailashpati MisharaGujrat-Ram Parkash GuptaMadhya Pradesh-O.P Verma -Punjab-V.S Kokje - Himachal Pradesh-Nirmal Chand - Rajasthan28.LCA(Light Combat Aircraft)is named as Tejas29. Lakshva is Pilot Less target Aircraft30.Kalpna Chawla: She was an Indian born American Astronaut. She died with other six astronauts inthe Columbia shuttle crash on feb.1,2003.She embarked on her second Voyage in the United Statespace shuttle Columbia on Jan 16,earlier.She was an Indian born American Astronaut.She died with

other six astronauts in the Columbia shuttle Columbia on jan 16,earlier.Shewas one of the six astronaut crew that flew theColumbia Flight STS-87in nov.1997 Chawla who had her schooling in Karnal (Haryana)and collegeeducation in Punjab did her Masters in Aerospase Engineering from the university of Taxes in in 1984and Doctorate from Colorado University two year later. An avid flier, she held certified flightinstructors license with Airplane and Gladder ratings, commercial Pilot L icense for single and multi-engine land and seaplanes31.Jan. 9,the day Mahatma Gandhi return from South Agrica in 1915-was chosen to celebrate thePravasi Bharatiya Divas32.The five day 90th session of the Lndian science congress conclude in Bangalore onJan.7,2003.The focal theme of the congress was Vision for the global Space community.33.Sriska and Ranthambore are the reserve for lion.34.International Criminal court was launched formally in the mid march in the Hauge . The first

eighteen judges took Oath in the grand ceremony. The court has been set up to handle genocide andthe Worst case of war crime or mass atrocities against civilians when no national court
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68. Man of Peace-Lal Bhadur Shastri.69. Iron Man of India-Sardar.70. jai hind subash chander bose71. Grand old man of India Dada Bhai Naroji

Basic General Knowledge For All Exams

1.Dada Bhai Naoroji was the first Indian to became a member of the British Parliament2.Govt.of India banned the student Islamic movement of India (SIMI)because it had linked withOsama Bin Ladens a1-Qaeda Group3.The Salary of member of parliament and higher perks is ehanced from Rs.4000 to 12,000 permonth and constituency allowance from Rs.8000 to 10,000 per month and daily allowance of Rs.400to Rs. 500 for a period of five year4.Competition bill to replace MRTPC (Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practice Act.)

5.Supreme court ruled on August 2,2001 that a public servant convicted in corruption case should nothold office till he was cleared of the charges by a superior court6.Number of amendments in constitution is 8 till now7.The terrorist out fit that brought the WTC and destroyed part of Pantagon in Washington is A1-Queda.the network association with Osama Bin Laden8. ISI-Inter Service Intelligence9.Durent line boundary between India and Afghanistan11.Mc Mohan Line:-boundary between India and china12.Redcliff Line:- boundary between India and Pakistan13.Palk Strait:- boundary between India and Sri Lanka14.Prithvi:-Surface to surface missile.It has a range 250km15.Agni:- Is Surface to surface missile.it has a range1500-2000km16.Akash:- Is Surface to surface missile.it has a range of 25km

17 Nag: It is an anti tank missile having range of 4km18.Bank rate is the rate at which the reserve Bank of India gives credit to commercial Banks19.Amicus Curiae-Lawyer appointment by the court to represent a poor person.it means friend ofcourt20.C.R.R- Cash Reserve Ratio21.Medico Legal case-Accidental Case22.The most important influence of the moon on the earth is the effect on ocean tides23.Ranthambore:- Ranthambore National park in Rajasthan(410 sq.km)was ones the private tigerreserve of the Maharaja of Jaipur24.Ghana Bird Sanctuary-Bharatpur Rajasthan25.Standerd Deduction in income tax-30,000/-26.Maximum income not liable to tax-50,000/-27.Americans Robinson Walton(Bill gates)is the richest person in the world

28.Bio terrorism:-It refer to the use of disease causing micro oganism as terroist weapons to causedevastating ipack on the people.for example.Anthrax29.Public University founded in 1982 at Lahore.After partition in was re-established in India on 1st ofOctober 1947.the University moved to Chandigarh in 1956,vice chancellor of Punjab university isK.N.Pathak30.Kapil Dev has been chosen the wisdom Indian cricketer of the century.31.Akshardham Temple is in Gandhi Nagar (Gujrat35 people were killed by terrorist )32.Metro rail Delhi 24 Dec,2002(Shahdra to is Hagari8.3km)33.CAG- V.N.Kaul34.Chairman of SBI-A.K.Purwar35.Guru Nanak born in Talwandi now called Nankana Sahib in 1469 .He died in 1539.Guru wasfounder of Sikhism

36. Guru Angad Dev- introduced langer system37. Guru Amar Das- social reformer and discarded sati pratha


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38. Guru Ram Das- founded city of Amritsar40. Guru Arjun Deb- Built GoldenTemple and compiled Aadi Granph or Guru Granth Sahib. Guru

Arjun Deb compled Granth Sahib in 1604 with the of bhai Gurdas Bhalla ji. Guru Arjun Dev wasexecuted by Jahangir on the advice of Chandu Singh. Guru Arjun Dev got the foundation ofHarmandir Sahib laid down by a Muslim Faqir main mir.41.Guru hargobind singhstared the system of

Akal takht and miri,piri42.Guru Har Rai43.Guru Harkishan44.Guru Teg Bahadur-Guru Teg Bahadur executed by Aurangzeb45. Guru Gobind SinghFounder of Khalsa 13th April,1699,Baisakhi, Khalsa means militarybrotherhood Zafarnama :- This is Letter written byGuru Gobind Singh to Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.This letter was written because Aurangzeb was committed many atrocities on people.Guru GobindSingh asked Aurangzeb to give up the policy at Anandpur Sahib on the 1st Baisakh 13th April,1699

A..D46.Dasam Granth was compiled by a devoted sikh mani singh after passing away Of Guru GobindSingh .47.Guru Ki kashi-Takhat Damdma Sahib. It is famous Gurudwara, Which is situated at Talwandi

Sabo. It is called Guru Ki Kashi48.Guru Ki Wadaliit is Birth place of Guru Hargobind Ji . it is famous Gurudwara of Punjab49.Banda Bahadur- Was born on 27th October, 1670. His real name was Lachaman Das. Once,during hunting an arrow of Banda Bahadur stuck a pregnant she deer; Banda Bahadur was greatlypained to see the tragic death of the deer and its two kids. He renounced the world and become aBairagi. Banda Bahadur adopted the name Madho Das after becoming a Bairagi. Madho Das (BandaBahadur) met Guru Sahib. He said I am your Banda (Servant). Thus Madho Das become Banda.Guru Gobind Sahib called him Banda the brave. Thus acquired the name Banda Bahadur50. Sharomani Gurdawara Prabandhak Committee was established on 15th Nov. 1990, at AkalTakhat Amritsar.51.Aklis launched a non-movement in 1921 with the aim ofLibrating Sikh Guru Gurudwara fromMahants.52. Article 1 of the constitution of India declares India as a - Union Of State

General Science :

The study of bones is called ostelogyTotal no of bones 206Smallest bone-Stapes(ear boe)Longest bone-Femus(Thigh bone)Strongest bone-Tibia(leg bone)Total no of muscles-639Largest grand-liverLongest gland-thyroidLongest nerve-SciaticHardest bone-Tooth enamalTolal amount of blood in the body is (1/15 of body weight)Normal body Temperature-98.6F(37C)

Literature:-53.Creator of Bachittar Natak- Guru Gobind Singh54.Creator of Jab Sahibh- Guru Gobind Singh55.Creator of Anand Sahib- Guru Amar Das ji56.Creator of Sukhmani SahibGuru Arjan Dev ji57. Compiler of Guru Granth SahibGuru Arjan Dev ji58.Writer of Adhi Granth at the time of its compilation ofBahi Gurdas Bhalla ji59.Creator of Bani written in Dasam Granth-Guru Gobind singh ji60.Most famous writer of Qisa Puran BhagatFazal Shah.Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his Administration:-

61.Date of Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh-Nov.2,1780.62.Name of the parents of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Father name:-Maha singh ,Mother name :-Raj Kaur63.Time of treaty of Amritsar between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and British25th April,1809


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64.Name of the Foreign minister of Maharaja Ranjit Singh-Faqir Azizudeen65.Head of Finance minister at the the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Deewan Kaura Mal66.Most famous prime minister of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Dhian Singh Dogra67.Meaning of Kankut system started by Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Tax on standing crop in the field68.Nazim Adalat at the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh state level- Court69.Capital city of maharaja Ranjit Singh- Lahore

70.First war between Sikh and British1845 A.D.71.Second Anglo Sikh War-1848-1849 A.D.72. Ranjit Singh (Thein) Dam has been constructed on the river- Ravi73.Which Dam is built on Beas near Talwara- Pong Dam.74. Dam built on the river Satluj- Bhakrha Dam75.The Dusi dam has been constructed on the river Beas76.The old name of the AmritserRamdas nagar77.Which Guru got constructor Akal TakhatGuruHargobind Sahib78The real Granth Sahib has been placed atKartarpur79.Guru Nanak Dav Ji was enlightenment at- Sultan Pur80.Which Guru built Buraj Baba Atal- Guru Hargobind Sahib81. The old name Punjab- Sapat Sindhu82.The Gurudwara situated at present where foundation of Khalsa Panth was laidGurudwara

Kesgarh Sahib.83.The other name of Harmandir Sahib is-Darbar Sahib.84.The Guru;who founded Anandpur Sahib wasGuru Teg Bahadur85.Bhagat Singh was hanged on-23rd March, 193186.Number of district in Punjab-17, Lok Sabha seats-1387. Highest Gallantry Award-Param Vir Chakra88.NOBLE PRIZES;-The Honors of Wining the Noble Prizes go to the Following 7 Indians(i)Rabinder Nath Tagore win the noble prizes from literature in 1913.(ii)C.V. Raman win the noble prizes from physics in 1930.(iii)Hargobind Khurana win the noble prizes from medicine in 1968.(iv)Mother Teresa win the noble price from peace in 1979.(vi) S. chandrashekher win the noble prize from physics in 1986.(vii) Prof. Amaritya Sen win the noble prizes from Economics in 1998.

(viii) V.S.Naipal win the noble prizes from Literature in 2001.90.Highest Gallantry Award- ParamVir Chakra91.Highest Civilian Award- Bharat Ratana92.First Olympic Game held at Athens in 189693.First Deputy Prime Minister of India-Sardar Patel94.2nd deputy Prime Minister of India-Morarzi Desai95. 3hd Deputy Prime Minister of IndiaChoudhari Charan Singh96. 5th Deputy Prime Minister of IndiaY.V.Chauan.97.6th Deputy Prime Minister of IndiaDev Lal98. 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India- Lal Krishan

Advani99. AIDS:Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome100.HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

101.AIDS:Is caused by Virus Aids is due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus102.Classical Dance of India:--Manipur of Manipur-Oddisi of Orissa-Katha-Kali of Kerala-Kuchi-Pudi of Andhra Pradesh-Bharat Natyam of Tamil Nadu-Kathak of Utter Pradesh-Bihu of Assam103.Legal Service Clinic:-A Legal Service Clinic open 24 hours on all days, has been established in

Ahemdabad to provide free service of retired high court judge and reputed lawyear.105.The State of Haryana-:Came into begin on , Nov.1,1966 as result of the re- organizationsof the old Punjab state into two separate seats.It consist of the Hind speaking area of Punjab,secong

language status has been given to Punjab(1996)106.Book and Author:-


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-Life Diving-Ain-I-Akbari -Aourbinbo Ghosh-Panchtantra -Abdul Fazal-Mahabharta -Vishnu Sharma-India wins Freedom -Ved Vyas-Discovery of India -Maulana Abdul Kalam

-My Experiment with Truth -Gandhi-Madhushala -Harivansh Rai Bachan-Prisoners Scorapbook -L.K.Advani107.Sports:--Agha Khan Cup -Hockey-Durant Cup -Football(India)-Duleep/renjit Trophyre -Cricket-Santosh Trophy -National Football-Thomas Cup -World Bedminton(Men)-Davis Cup -Lawn Tennis108.Buddhism:Buddhism was founded by GautamBuddha. His Original name was Gautam Siddhartha , A Kashatriya, Boran in 563 B.C at Lumbini inNepal . He attended enlightenment at Bodhgaya under papal tree.Budha died at the age of 80 years

in 483 B.C at Kushinagar (District Utter Pradesh).He gave 8 fold paths to control the desire.1stsermon was delivered by him at Srnarth at Banaras .The Language used by Buddhist people was pali

Summary of Economic Survey

Survey Pegs GDP Growth At 6.9% in 2011-12

Outlook Brighter for Next Fiscals


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Indian economy is estimated to grow by 6.9% in 2011-12 mainly due to weakening industrialgrowth. This indicates a slowdown compared not just to the previous two years, when theeconomy grew by 8.4%, but also from 2003 to 2011, except 2008-9 economic downturn,when the growth rate was 6.7 percent. The Economic Survey 2011-12, presented by theFinance Minister, Sh Pranab Mukherjee in the Lok Sabha, however predicts 7.6% GDP

growth in 2012-13 and 8.6% in 2013-14. With agriculture and services continuing to performwell, the slowdown can be attributed almost entirely to weakening industrial growth. Theservices sector continues to be a star performer as its share in GDP has climbed from 58% in2010-11 to 59% in 2011-12 with a growth rate of 9.4%. Similarly, agriculture and alliedsectors are estimated to achieve a growth rate of 2.5% in 2011-12 with foodgrains productionlikely to cross 250.42 million tonnes owing to increase in the production of rice in someStates. The industrial sector has performed poorly, retreating to a 27% share of the GDP.Overall growth during April-December 2011 reached 3.6% compared to 8.3% in thecorresponding period of the previous year.

The Survey points out that inflation as measured by the wholesale price index (WPI) was

high during most of the current fiscal year, though by year end there has been a clearslowdown in price rise. Food inflation, in particular, has come down significantly, with mostof the remaining WPI inflation being driven by non-food manufacturing products. Monetary

policy was tightened by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to control inflation and curbinflationary expectations. The growth rate of investment in the economy is estimated to haveregistered a significant decline during the current year. The year witnessed a sharp increase ininterest rates that resulted in higher costs of borrowings; and other rising costs affecting

profitability and, thereby, internal accruals that could be used to finance investment.

But despite the low growth figure of 6.9%, India remains one of the fastest growingeconomies of the world as all major countries including the fast growing emerging economiesare seeing a significant slowdown. The global economic environment which was tenuous at

best throughout the year, turned sharply adverse in September, 2011, owing to the turmoil inthe euro-zone countries and questions about others, reflected in sharp ratings downgrades ofsovereign debt in most major advanced countries. While a large part of the reason for theslowing of the Indian economy can be attributed to global factors, domestic factors also

played role. Among these are the tightening of monetary policy owing to high and persistentheadline inflation and slowing investment and industrial activity. However, for the Indianeconomy, the outlook for growth and price stability at this juncture looks more promising.There are signs from some high frequency indicators that the weakness in economic activityhas bottomed out and a gradual upswing is imminent. The Economic Survey expects the

growth rate of real GDP to pick up to 7.6% in 2012-13 and faster beyond that. The mainreason for a gradual recovery is the decline in overall investment rate. Gross capitalformation during the third quarter of 2011-12 as a ratio of GDP was at 30%, down from 32%one year ago. As fiscal consolidation gets back to track, savings and capital formation should

begin to rise; moreover, with the easing of inflationary pressures in the months to come, therecould be a reduction in policy rates by RBI, which should encourage investment activity andhave a positive impact on growth. Preliminary calculations suggest that the growth rate ofGDP in 2013-14 will be 8.6%. These projections are based on assumptions regarding factorslike normal monsoons, reasonably stable international prices, particularly oil prices, andglobal growth somewhere between where it now stands and 0.5% higher .The Globaleconomy remains quite fragile and concerted efforts will be needed through G-20 and other

forums to restore stability and renewed growth, including addressing the sovereign debtcrisis, financial regulation, growth and job creation efforts and energy security.


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The Economic Survey suggests that the progressive deregulation of interest rates on savingsaccounts will help raise financial savings and improve transmission of monetary policy.Other key areas include the deepening of domestic financial markets, especially corporate

bond market and attracting longer-term inflows from abroad. Efforts at attracting dedicated

infrastructure funds have begun. Indias foreign trade performance will remain a key driver ofgrowth. During the first half of 2011-12, Indias export growth was a high 40.5%, but has

been decelerating since. Imports have growth rapidly, by 30.4% during 2011-12 (April-December). Similarly, countrys Balance of Payments has widened to $ 32.8 billion in thefirst half of 2011-12, compared to $29.6 billion during the corresponding period of 2010-11.The foreign exchange reserves increased from US $ 279 billion at end March 2010 to US $305 billion at end March 2011. Reserves varied from an all-time peak of US$ 322.2 billion atend August, 2011 and a low of US $ 292.8 billion at end-January, 2012.

The Survey recognizes that sustainable development and climate change are becomingcentral areas of global concern and India too is equally concerned and engaged constructively

in global negotiations. Climate change challenges ahead are large and India is doing morethan its fair share in reducing its energy-intensity of growth. India is now much more closelyintegrated with the world economy as its share of trade to GDP of goods and services hastripled between 1990-2010. At the same time, the extent of financial integration, measured byflows of capital as a share of GDP, has also increased dramatically and the role of India in theworld economy has commensurately expanded, along with the other major members ofemerging markets.

DSM-RM-SNC-DT(Release ID :80972)

The Union Budget 2012-13 presented by the Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee in Lok

Sabha today identified five objectives to be addressed effectively in the ensuing fiscal

year.

They include focus on domestic demand driven growth recovery; create conditions for

rapid revival of high growth in private investment; address supply bottlenecks in

agriculture, energy and transport sectors particularly in coal, power, national highways,

railways and civil aviation; intervene decisively to address the problem of malnutrition

especially in the 200 high-burden districts and expedite coordinated implementation of

decisions being taken to improve delivery systems , governance, and transparency; and

address the problem of black money and corruption in public life.

Mukherjee said that India's GDP growth in 2012-13 is expected to be 7.6 per cent +/-

0.25 per cent. He said that in 2011-12, India's GDP is estimated to grow at 6.9 per cent

after having grown at the rate of 8.4 per cent in each of the two preceding years He said


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though the global crisis had affected India, it still remains among the front runners in

economic growth. Mukherjee said the slowdown is primarily due to deceleration in

industrial growth. Stating that the headline inflation remained high for most part of the

year, the Finance Minister expressed hope that it will moderate further in the next few

months and remain stable thereafter.

FM laid emphasis on striking a balance between fiscal consolidation and strengthening

macroeconomic fundamentals. He announced introduction of amendments to the Fiscal

Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBM Act) as part of the Finance

Bill 2012. He said that concept of "Effective Revenue Deficit" and "Medium Term

Expenditure Framework" statement are two important features of Amendment to FRBM

Act in the direction of expenditure reforms. This statement shall set forth a three year

rolling targets for expenditure indicatoRs

The Finance Minister called for a need to have a close look at the growth of revenue

expenditure, particularly, on subsidies. He announced that from 2012-13 while subsidies

related to food and for administering the Food Security Act will be fully provided for, all

other subsidies would be funded to the extent that they can be borne by the economy

without any adverse implications. He said that the Government will endeavor to restrict

the expenditure on central subsidies under 2 per cent of GDP in 2012-13and over the

next three years, it would be further brought down to 1.75 per cent of GDP.

Finance Minister said that based on recommendations of the Task Force headed by

Nandan Nilekani, a mobile-based Fertilizer Management System has been designed to

provide end-to-end information on movement of fertilizers and subsidies which will be

rolled out nation-wide during 2012. He said that transfer of subsidy to the retailer and

eventually to the farmers will be implemented in subsequent phases which will benefit 12

crore farmer families.

On the tax reforms, the Finance Minister said that the Direct Taxes Code (DTC) Bill will

be enacted at the earliest after expeditious examination of the report of the

Parliamentary Standing Committee. He said drafting of model legislation for Centre and

State Goods and Services Tax (GST) in concert with States is under progress. He addedthat the GST network will be set up as a National Information Utility and will become

operational by August 2012.

On the disinvestment policy, Mukherjee said that the Central Public Sector Enterprises

(CPSEs) are being given a level playing field vis--vis private sector with regard to

practices like buy-backs and listing at stock exchange. Stating that while in 2011-12, the

Government will raise about Rs 14,000crore from disinvestment as against a target of Rs

40,000 crore, the Finance Minister proposed to raise Rs 30,000 crore through

disinvestment in 2012-13. He said at least 51 per cent ownership and management ofCPSEs will remain with the government.


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Calling for strengthening investment environment, Mukherjee said that efforts are on to

arrive at a broad-based consensus in respect of decision to allow FDI in multi-brand

retail up to 51 per cent. He proposed to introduce a new scheme called Rajiv Gandhi

Equity Savings Scheme to allow for income tax deduction of 50 per cent to new retail

investors who invest up to Rs 50,000 directly in equities and whose annual income is

below Rs 10 lakh. The scheme will have a lock-in period of 3 years Regarding capital

markets, the Finance Minister proposed to allow Qualified Foreign Investors (QFIs) to

access Indian Corporate Bond market. He also proposed simplifying the process of

Initial Public Offer (IPO).

Pranab Mukherjee said that the government is committed to protect the financial health

of Public Sector Banks and Financial Institutions. He proposed to provide Rs 15,888

crore for capitalization of Public Sector Banks, Regional Rural Banks and other financial

institutions including NABARD. He added that a Central Know Your Customer (KYC)depositary will be developed in 2012-13 to avoid multiplicity of registration and data

upkeep.

The Finance Minister informed that out of 73,000 identified habitations that were to be

covered under "Swabhimaan" campaign for providing banking facilities by March 2012,

about 70,000 habitations have been covered while the rest are likely to be covered by

March 31, 2012.He added that as a next step Ultra Small Branches are being set up at

these habitations. In 2012-13, Swabhimaan campaign will be extended to more

habitations.

Emphasizing on infrastructure and industrial development, Mukherjee said that during

the 12th Plan, infrastructure investment will go up to Rs 50 lakh crore with half of this

expected from private sector. Stating that in 2011-12 tax free bonds for Rs 30,000 crore

were announced for financing infrastructure projects, he proposed to double it to raise

Rs 60,000 crore in 2012-13. The Minister proposed to allow External Commercial

Borrowings (ECB) to part finance Rupee debt of existing power projects.

The Finance Minister announced a target of covering 8,800 km. under NHDP next year

and increase in allocation of the Road Transport and Highways Ministry by14 per cent toRs 25,360 crore in 2012-13. He proposed to permit ECB for working capital

requirements of the Airline Industry for a period of one year, subject to a total ceiling of

US dollar 1 billion to address the immediate financial concerns of the Civil Aviation

Sector.He added that a proposal to allow foreign airlines to participate up to 49 per cent

in the equity of an air transport undertaking is under active consideration.

Expressing concern over shortage in housing sector, the Finance Minister proposed

various measures to address the shortage of housing for low income groups in major

cities and towns including ECB for low cost housing projects and setting up of a CreditGuarantee Trust Fund.


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Regarding textile sector, the Finance Minister announced setting up of two more mega

clusters, one to cover Prakasam and Guntur districts in Andhra Pradesh and other for

Godda and neighboring districts in Jharkhand in addition to 4 mega handloom clusters

already operationalized. He also proposed setting up of three Weavers Service Centres,

one each in Mizoram, Nagaland and Jharkhand. The Minister proposed aRs 500 crore

pilot scheme in twelfth plan for promotion and application of Geo-textiles in the North

East.A powerloom Mega Cluster will be set up in Ichalkaranji in Maharashtra.

FM proposed to set up a Rs 5000 crore India Opportunities Venture Fund with SIDBI to

enhance availability of equity to micro, small and medium enterprises.

Stating that agriculture will continue to be a priority for the government, Mukherjee

proposed an increase by 18 per cent to Rs 20,208 crore in the total Plan Outlay for the

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation in 2012-13. He said that the outlay for

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) is being increased to Rs 9217 crore in 2012-13.

Underlining importance of timely access to affordable credit for farmers, the Finance

Minister proposed to raise the target for agricultural credit to Rs 5,75,000 crore, which

represents an increase of Rs 1,00,000 crore over the target for the current year.

He said that a short term RRB Credit Refinance Fund is being set up to enhance the

capacity of Regional Rural Banks to disburse short term crop loans to the small and

marginal farmeRs He added that Kisan Credit Card Scheme will be modified to make it a

smart card which can be used at ATMs.

The Financed Minister said that in order to have a better out reach of the food processing

sector, a new centrally sponsored scheme titled National Mission on Food Processing

will be started in cooperation with the States in 2012-13.

Minister proposed an increase of 18 per cent to Rs 37,113crore for Scheduled Castes Sub

Plan and an increase of 17.6 per cent to Rs 21,710 crore for Tribal Sub Plan during 2012-

13.

Regarding food security, Mukherjee said that National Food Security Bill 2011 is before

Parliamentary Standing Committee. He said a multi-sectoral programme to address

maternal and child malnutrition in selected 200 high burdened districts is being rolled

out during 2012-13. He further said that an allocation of Rs 15,850 crore has been made

for ICDS scheme which is an increase of 58% and Rs 11,937 crore for National

Programme of Mid-Day Meals in schools for the year 2012-13. He added that an

allocation of Rs 750 crore is proposed for Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of

Adolescent Girls, SABLA.

The allocation for rural drinking water and sanitation is proposed to be increased by over

27 per cent to Rs 14,000 crore and for Pradhan Mantri Road SadakYojana by 20 per cent


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to Rs 24,000 crore in 2012-13. He proposed to enhance the allocation under Rural

Infrastructure Development Fund to Rs 20,000 crore with Rs 5,000 crore exclusively

earmarked for .creating warehousing facilities.

The Finance Minister proposed an increase in allocation by 21.7 per cent for Right to

Education Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan to Rs 25,555 crore and by 29 per cent for Rashtriya

Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan to Rs 3,124 crore. He proposed to set up a Credit

Guarantee Fund to ensure better flow of funds to students.

Regarding health sector he proposed an increase in allocation for NRHM to Rs 20,822

crore in 2012-13. He also said that National Urban Health Mission is being launched.

The Finance Minister said that Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee

Scheme has had a positive impact. He proposed an allocation of Rs 3915 crore for

National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) which represents an increase of 34 per cent.He proposed to provide Rs 200 crore to enlarge the corpus to Rs 300 crore of the

Women's SHG's Development Fund. He said the fund will also support the objectives of

Aajeevika i.e. NRLM and will empower women SHGs to access bank credit. He also

proposed to establish a Bharat Livelihoods Foundation of India through Aajeevika which

will support and scale up civil society initiatives and interventions particularly in the

tribal regions covering around 170 districts.

Allocation under National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) is proposed to be raised

by 37 per cent to Rs 8447 crore. Under the Indira Gandhi National Widow PensionScheme and Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme for BPL beneficiaries,

the monthly pension amount per person is being raised from Rs 200 to Rs 300.

FM announced a provision of Rs 1,93,407crore for Defence Services including Rs 79,579

crore for capital expenditure. He said the allocation is based on present needs and any

further requirement would be met.

Addressing governance related issues, Mukherjee said adequate funds are proposed to be

allocated to complete enrollments of another 40 crore persons under UID Mission.

Outlining the steps taken by the Government to address the issue of black money, theMinister proposed to lay a White Paper on Black Money in the current session of

Parliament.

In the Budget estimates for 2012-13, the Gross Tax Receipts are estimated at Rs 10,

77,612 crore which is an increase of 15.6 per cent over the Budget Estimates and 19.5 per

cent over the revised estimates for 2011-12. After devolution to States, the net tax to the

Centre in 2012-13 is estimated at Rs 7,71,071crore.

The Non Tax Revenue Receipts are estimated at Rs 1,64,614crore and Non-debt Capital

Receipts at Rs 41,650 crore. The total expenditure for 2012-13 is budgeted at Rs


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14,90,925 crore. Of this Rs 5,21,025crore is the Plan Expenditure while Rs 9,69,900

crore is budgeted as Non Plan Expenditure.

The tax proposals are guided by the need to move towards the Direct Tax Code(DTC) in

the case of direct taxes and Goods & Services Tax (GST) in the case of indirect taxes.

Individual income up to Rs 2 lakh will be free from income tax; income upto Rs 1.8 lakh

was exempt in 2011-12. Income above Rs 5 lakh and upto Rs 10 lakh now carries tax at

the rate of 20 per cent; the 20% tax slab was from Rs 5 lakh to Rs 8 lakh in 2011-12. A

deduction of up to Rs 10,000 is now available for interest from savings bank accounts.

Within the existing limit for deduction allowed for health insurance, a deduction of up to

Rs 5000 is being allowed for preventive health check-up. Senior citizens not having

income from business will now not need to pay advance tax.

While no changes have been made in corporate taxes, the budget proposes a number ofmeasures to promote investment in specific sectors. In order to provide low cost funds to

some stressed infrastructure sectors, withholding tax on interest payments on external

borrowings (ECBs) is being reduced from 20 percent to 5 per cent for 3 years. These

sectors are power, airlines, roads and bridges, ports and shipyards, affordable housing,

fertilizer, and dam.

Investment linked deduction of capital expenditure in some businesses is proposed to be

provided at 150 per cent as against the current rate of 100 per cent. These sectors include

cold chain facility, warehouses for storing foodgrain, hospitals, fertilizers and affordablehousing. Bee keeping, container freight and warehousing for storage of sugar will now

also be eligible for investment linked deduction.

The budget also proposes weighted deduction for R&D expenditure, agri-extension

services and expenditure on skill development in the manufacturing sector.

For small and medium enterprises (SMEs) the turnover limit for compulsory tax audit of

accounts as well as for presumptive taxation is proposed to be raised from Rs 60 lakh to

Rs 1 crore. In order to augment funds for SMEs, sale of residential property will be

exempt from capital gains tax, if the proceeds are used for purchase of plant andmachinery, etc.

A General Anti-Avoidance Rule (GAAR) is being introduced in order to counter

aggressive tax avoidance. Securities transaction tax (STT) is being reduced by 20 per

cent on cash delivery transactions, from 0.125% to 0.1%. Alternative Minimum Tax is

proposed to be levied from all persons, other than companies, claiming profit linked

deductions.

The Finance Minister has proposed a series of measures to deter the generation and use

of unaccounted money. In the case of assets held abroad, compulsory reporting is being


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introduced and assessment up to 16 years will now be allowed to be re-opened. Tax will

be collected at source on trading in coal, lignite and iron ore; purchase of bullion or

jewellery above Rs 2 lakh in cash; and transfer of immovable property (other than

agricultural land) above a specified threshold. Unexplained money, credits, investments,

expenditures etc. will be taxed at the highest rate of 30 per cent irrespective of the slab of

income.

The Finance Minister has made an effort to widen the service tax base, strengthen its

enforcement and bring it as close as possible to the central excise. A common simplified

registration form and a common return are being introduced for central excise and

service tax.

All services will now attract service tax, except those in the negative list. The negative list

has 17 heads and includes specified services provided by the government or local

authorities, and services in the fields of education, renting of residential dwellings,

entertainment and amusement,public transportation, agriculture and animal husbandry.

A number of other services including health care, and services provided by charities,

independent journalist, sport persons, performing artists in folk and classical arts, etc

are exempt from service tax. Film industry also gets tax exemption on copyrights relating

to recording of cinematographic films.

Service tax rate is being increased from 10 per cent to 12 per cent, with consequential

change in rates for services that have individual tax rates. The standard rate of excise

duty for non-petroleum goods is also being raised from 10 per cent to 12 per cent. No

change is proposed in peak rate of customs duty of 10 per cent on non-agricultural

goods.

The Budget offers relief to different sectors of economy, especially those under stress.

Import of equipment for fertilizer projects are being fully exempted from basic customs

duty of 5 per cent for 3 years Basic customs duty is also being lowered for a number of

equipment used in agriculture and related areas.

In the realm of infrastructure, customs relief is being given to power, coal and railways

sectors while steam coal gets full customs duty exemption for 2 years (with the

concessional counter-veiling duty of 1 per cent), natural gas, LNG and certain uranium

fuel get full duty exemption this year. Different levels of duty concessions are being

provided to help mining, railways, roads, civil aviation, manufacturing, health and

nutrition and environment. So as to help modernization of the textile industry, a number

of equipment are being fully exempted from basic customs duty, and lower customs duty

is being proposed for some other items used by the textile industry.

Customs duty is being raised for gold bars and coins of certain categories, platinum and

gold ore. Customs duty is to be imposed on coloured gem stones. Excise duty on certain


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categories of cigarettes and bidis, pan masala and chewing tobacco is being increased.

Customs duty is being increased on completely built large cars/ SUVs/ MUVs of value

exceeding $40,000.

Silver jewellery will now be fully exempt from excise duty. Unbranded precious metal

jewellery will attract excise duty on the lines of branded jewellery. Operations are being

simplified and measures taken to minimize impact of this provision on small artisans

and goldsmiths.

While direct tax proposals in the Budget will result in a net revenue loss of Rs

4,500crore, indirect taxes will result in a net revenue gain of Rs 45,940 crore. Thus, the

tax proposals will lead to a net gain of Rs 41,440crore. (With PIB inputs)

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