Basic English Grammar For ESL Learners

BasIC

for esl learners

englIsh Grammar

•••••••

TINTON

fIrstEDITION

ExercIses wIth answers

NOUNS

DESIGNED

BY

JERRY

NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION

ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB

•PRONOUNSADJECTIVESVERBADVERBPREPOSITIONSCONJUNCTIONSINTERJECTION


PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS

ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS

VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES


PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB

CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS

INTERJECTION NOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES VERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS































©Tinton EnterpriseAll rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,without written permission from the publisher.

Tinton Enterprise

Pejabat JualanNo.34 (Tingkat 1), Jalan Tapang Timur 1, Sungai Antu, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.E-mel: [email protected]

Pengedar TunggalNo.34 (Tingkat 1), Jalan Tapang Timur 1, Sungai Antu, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.E-mel: [email protected]

No.34 (Tingkat 1), Jalan Tapang Timur 1, Sungai Antu, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.E-mel: [email protected]

First Edition 2016

NOUNS

PRONOUNS

ADJECTIVES

VERB

ADVERB

PREPOSITIONS

CONJUNCTIONS

INTERJECTIONS

ANSWER

CONTENTS

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82

89

95

100

102

NOUNS







































5

CHAPTER1

NOUNS

COMMONNOUNS

A Noun is a word for a person, place, thing or abstract idea.

There are four kinds of nouns: Common Nouns Proper Nouns Abstract Nouns Collective nouns

A Common Noun is the word used for a class of person, place or thing. It is a name which is given in common to everyone (person, thing, animal…). We do not capitalize the first letter of a common noun unless it is the first word in a sentence.

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Who is it?

What is it?

Candise

Where is it?

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Zoo

Yoyo

PEOPLE THINGS ANIMALS PLACESboy

unclefather

girlladyman

womanmother

bookcar

computerpentablewalletbicycle

key

dogcatcow

monkeyturkeysnakefish

panda

beachmallparkzoo

airportchurch

restaurantcountry

PEOPLE Ali Baba, Robin Hood, PinocchioPLACES KLCC, Sahara Desert, The Thames

ANIMALS Toby, Roxy, Lassie, Bobby, RileyTIME AND DATE Sunday, April

COUNTRIES Malaysia, Singapore, France, Italy

PROPERNOUNS

Proper Nouns are the names of specific things, people or places, such as Bibble, Edward, America, White House. They usually begin with a capital letter.

What is your name?

Your own name is proper noun too.

Did you knowJerry ?

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Your own name is proper noun too.

Did you know

ABSTRACT NOUNSAbility

AdventureBelief

ComfortConsideration

CrimeCultureDeathDeceitDefeat

DemocracyDreamsEnergy

EnhancementFailureFaith

Forgiveness

FreedomHomelessness

HurtIdea

ImaginationImpression

ImprovementJustice

KnowledgeLaughter

LawLiberty

LifeLuck

MercyNeed

Opinion

PeacePovertyRealityRumor Service

SkillSuccess

SympathyThought

TruthUnemployment

UnrealityVictoryWealth Warmth

WeaknessWisdom

ABSTRACTNOUNS

COLLECTIVENOUNS

Abstract Noun is the name of idea, quality and action that is the name of something we can’t touch, see, smell and taste such as beauty, courage, friendship, intelligence, truth. We can form abstract nouns from: Common Nouns (friend – friendship); Verbs (believe – belief); and Adjectives (honest – honesty).

A Collective Noun is the word used for a group of people, animals or things. These collective nouns are com-monly used under the category of people.

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PEOPLE THINGS ANIMALSarmybandbunchclasschoircrewcrowdganggroupteamflock

groupgalaxywad

forreststackfleet

hedgelibrarybasketbowlpair

flightflockhaulherdhivehostlitter

troopzoo

swarmpack

A pair of shoes.

Exercise 1Underline the common nouns in these sentences.

I arrived early at the station.The baby is crying.The children are playing in the field.My father has bought a new car.Jenny likes to swim.He won a trophy in a competition.She went to visit her aunt.Please go get the pen for me.My sister is older that I am.My teacher said that we are working hard.

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I arrived early at the station.The baby is crying.The children are playing in the field.My father has bought a new car.Jenny likes to swim.He won a trophy in a competition.She went to visit her aunt.Please go get the pen for me.My sister is older that I am.My teacher said that we are working hard.

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A pair of shoes.

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Underline the proper nouns in these sentences.

Choose the correct words from the list given and write them in the blanks.

I met Grace at the post office.Owen is my classmate.Millions of people speak English as a second language.She comes from France.The Amazon is the largest river in the world.Let’s have lunch at McDonalds. James works as a programmer at Microsoft. I live in a small town in Italy. Anna said I could go to Disneyland with her family.Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity.

He is a man of . Oliver was given an award for his .Her designer teacher applauded her .She was filled with when she saw the tiger. is the best period of your life.You need if you want to climb Mount Everest. should always be avoided.He only felt when he lost the race.I have great to welcome you. to animals is a punishable offence.

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Cruelty strength bravery pleasure disappointmentWastage courage fear creativity Childhood

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Exercise 4Complete the expressions with the following collective nouns.

Collective Nouns Collective Nouns

A ..................... of students.An ..................... of soldiers.A ..................... of singers.A ..................... of sailors.A ..................... of musicians.A ..................... of crooks.A ..................... of people A ..................... of thieves.A ..................... of dancers.A ..................... of players.A ..................... of thieves.A ..................... of employees.A ..................... of natives..A ..................... of experts.A ..................... of labourers.A ..................... of tourists.A ..................... of man.A ..................... of flowers.

An ..................... of ants.A ..................... of birds.A ..................... of birds.A ..................... of fish.A ..................... of sheep.A ..................... of bees.A ..................... of cubs.A ..................... of sparrows.A ..................... of horses.A..................... of lions.A ..................... of wild animals.A ..................... of wolves.A ..................... of puppies/kittens.A ..................... of horses/ducksA ..................... of crows.A ..................... of dogs..A ..................... of tree.A ..................... of ship.

army band bunch body class choircrew crowd flock flight forest ganggroup haul host murder pack kennelstaff swarm tribe team troop litter

GENDER

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GENDER

The Noun-Gender tells us about the sex of the noun.There are four types of gender nouns in English.

Masculine Gender Nouns are words for men, boys, and male animals.

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Masculine Gender Nouns Feminine Gender Nouns Common Gender Nouns Neuter Gender Nouns

ManBoy

Feminine Gender Nouns are words for women, girls and female animals.

Woman

Girl

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Common Gender Nouns are nouns that are used for both males and females.

Neuter Gender Nouns are words for things that are not alive.

Friend

Table

Lorry

Parent

Book

Ring

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MasculineGender

FeminineGender

CommonGender

NeuterGender

ManHe

FatherBoy

TigerCockDrakeUncle

HeadmasterPolicemanManagerProprietor

BoysRyan

WomanShe

MotherGirl

TigressHenDuckAunt

HeadmistressPolicewomanManageressProprietress

GirlsEvelyn

PersonFriendParentChild

AnimalBirdFowl

RelativePrincipalGuard

SupervisorOwnerChildren

Adult

TableBookPen

WalletKeyBed

ChairGlass

HandphoneCarBoxLove

PeaceTruth

Exercise 5Fill in the blanks with the correct masculine or feminine nouns.

Masculine FeminineBoyHe

MotherUncle

WifeDaughter

MasterLion

NiecePrince

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NUMBER(SIngular or Plural)

Noun has a Number. The Singular Number refer to one person or thing while Plural Number refer to more than one person or thing.

SOMERULESFORFORMINGPLURALS:

Singular nouns can be changed to a plural noun by adding –s as shown below.1

Singular Pluralcomputer computers

day daysbook booksmovie moviesdog dogs

student studentsteacher teacherspencil pencilsroom rooms

computer computerspen pens

NailNails

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Nouns that end in o, s, ss, ch, sh or x, are made plural by adding es.

Most nouns that end in y are made plural by changing the y to i and adding es.

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Singular Pluralhero heroes

potato potatoesbus busesglass glassesclass classes

church churchesbeach beachesbrush brushes

Singular Pluralstory storiesfamily familiesbaby babiescity citieslady ladiesfly flies

puppy puppiescompany companies

library librariesparty partiesfairy fairiesarmy armies

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If -y is after a vowel (a,e,i,o,u), we follow the ordinary rule and add -s:

Nouns that end in fe is made plural by changing the f to v and adding s.

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Singular Pluralplay playsday days

monkey monkeyskey keysboy boys

trolley trolleystoy toys

donkey donkeys

Singular Plurallife lives

wife wivesthief thieveshalf halvesloaf loaves

MonkeyMonkeys

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Some nouns change spelling from the singular form to the plural.

The plural form of some nouns is the same as the singular form.

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Singular Pluralman men

woman womenfoot feettooth teeth

mouse miceperson peoplechild children

goose geese

Singular Pluralsheep sheepdeer deer

furniture furnituresalmon salmon

fish fishaircraft aircraftcattle cattleadvice advice

knowlegde knowlegde

1918

Exercise 6Write the plurals.

class classesmankey

mousechild

persongoosestory

toothfootknifefishwifecity

adviceboy

Exercise 7Change the sentences into the plural form.

Example: This is my cat.Answer: These are my cat.

We have a dog.

We will have our picnic on Sunday.

Please lend me a pencil.

My father has a new computer.

He found his key in the car.

Dylan has one poster.

The cat is sitting on my bed.

He is riding his bike.

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CHAPTER2

PRONOUNS

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CHAPTER2

PRONOUNS A Pronoun is a word that replaces a noun or noun phrase. They are used to make sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive. If we didn’t have pronouns, we would have to repeat a lot of nouns. We would have to say things like:

With pronouns, we can say:

There are different kinds of pronouns:

Do you like Elvin? I don’t like Elvin. Elvin is too arrogant.

Do you like Elvin? I don’t like him. He is too arrogant.

PERSONALPRONOUNS

SUBJECTPRONOUNS

Personal Pronouns are used to refer either to theperson speaking, the person spoken to, or the person orthing spoken of. There are two types of personal pronouns: Subject Pronouns and Object Pronouns.

The Subject Ponouns (I, You, He, She, It, They, We) is the person or thing doing the action: I went home. He said goodbye.1

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OBJECTPRONOUNS

The Object Pronouns (Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, Them) is the person or thing receiving the action: I saw her. He scold me,1

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Number Person GenderPersonal PronounsSubject Object

Singular

1st male/ female I Me2nd male/ female You You

3rdmale He Him

female She Herneuter It It

Plural1st male/ female We Us

2nd male/ female You You3rd All They Them

In grammar, the person who is speaking is called the first person. The one spoken to is called the second person, and the one spoken about is called the third person.

Exercise 8Complete with the subject personal pronouns.

My name is Samuel. (Samuel) am Chinese.Ryan is my dad. (My dad) is a engineer. My mum´s name is Stella. (Stella) is from China.(Tommy, Edward and Sue) live in Sarawak.I have a dog. is called Lucky.What is the matter with ?Henry and I are good friends. are not enemies. are my good friends. (Andy and Steve) is getting dark. came to Malaysia. (the tourists)

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Exercise 9Complete with the object personal pronouns.

My mother is kind. Everybody likes . My brother is younger than .The room is very dirty. I am cleaning .Mr Jacob is very nice. All the children like .Lily isn´t well. Dad is taking to see a doctor.Where is Alex? I have to talk with . John and Angeline! Dad is waiting for !Daniel is hungry. Give a burger.The teacher is showing (we) a film.All her students like very much.

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POSSESSIVEPRONOUNS Possessive Pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours and theirs) show ownership that something belongs to someone or something.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

POSSESIVE PRONOUNSSingular Plural

I, me mine -you, yours -

he, him his -she, her hers -we, us - oursyou - yours

they, them - theirs

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Is this guitar yours?

This book is mine.

That tyre is his.

Exercise 10Underline the correct possessive pronoun.

This pen is (mine/my).The car belongs to my mother. It is (her/hers).This isn’t Mike’s car, (His/Ours) is at the garage.How is that cousin of (you/yours)?We live in this house. The house is (ours/yours).A friend of (my/mine) has invited me to Singapore.That toy belongs to those kids. That toy is (theirs/hers).The ring is (her/hers).This book belongs to you. This bok is (theirs/yours).My friend and I bought pencils. The pencils are (us/ours).

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This (near)

That (far)

These (near)

Those (far)

This is an orange.

That is an apple.

Those are apples.

These are oranges.

DEMONSTRATIVEPRONOUNS Demonstrative Pronouns (this, that, these, those) are used to show the relative distance between the speaker and the noun.

Near in distance or time. (this, these)Far in distance or time. (that, those)

You use this and these when you point to things near you.You use that and those when you point to things farther away.

Did you know ?

Singular PluralNear This TheseFar That Those

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Exercise 11Underline the correct demonstrative pronoun.

(Those/This) students over there are my friends.I can tell (those/that) she is upset.I really like (this/those) Korean restaurant!.(This/These) girls are in my class.(These/This) are the clothes I like.(These/This) oranges are very sweet.(Those/That) are dogs.(That/Those) animals are very hungry. Do you know (that/these) she told the truth? We can do better than (those/that).

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REFLEXIVEPRONOUNS Reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves) are used when the subject and the object in a sentence refer to the same person or thing.

For example: I taught myself to play the piano. I taught me to play the piano. x

PersonReflexive Pronoun

Singular Plural1st myself ourselves

2nd yourself yourselves

3rdHimself,Herself,Itself

themselves

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INTERROGATIVEPRONOUNS The Interrogative Pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, and whatever) are used to ask questions.

Exercise 12Underline the correct reflexive pronoun.

She always looks at (her/herself) in the mirror. Some people only think about (himself/themselves).I made this cake (me/myself).He walked home by (himself/herself).I did the work all by (yourself/myself).We bought a present for (our/ourselves).He taught (him/ himself) how to play the guitar.Ella is a baby, She is too small to eat by (myself/herself).My handphone is damaged. It turns off by (it/itself).Try not to blame (himself/yourself) for that mistake.

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For example:Who said that?Who lives here?Whom shall we ask?Whose car is this?Whose bags are those?Which is the greater?What did you say?What is that?

Whose house is this?

We use who to ask questions about people.We use whose to ask about possession.

We use what to ask questions about things.We use which to ask someone to choose something.

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Exercise 13Underline the correct Interrogative pronoun.

(Which/What) do you mean?(Whom/Who) shall we contact?(Who/Which) is the girl in the green dress?(Whose/What) is your favorite color?(Which/What) of your brothers is the tallest?(Whom/What) are you talking about?(Whose/Who) camera is this?(Which/What) of these two do you prefer?(Whose/Who) told you?(What/Whom) do you want?

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INDEFINITEPRONOUNS An Indefinite Pronoun does not refer to any specific person or thing. Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or plural but there are a few that function both as singular and plural. Singular indefinite pronouns take a singular verb and plural indefinite pronouns take a plural verb.

Singular (sl) Plural (pl) (sl) or (pl)each everyone no one both noneevery everybody no body many someone everything nothing others more

either anyone someone several mostneither anybody somebody few anyanother anything something fewer all

For example: Everybody is welcome at the meeting. (“Everybody” is a singular, so the verb “is” takes the singular form.) Both of the girls are friendly .“Both” is plural, so the verb “are” is in the plural form.

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Exercise 14

Exercise 15

Underline the correct Indefinite pronoun.

Complete the sentences with the following Indefinitepronoun.

All of us (is, are) hoping that Sam will win.Both of the boys (is, are) good singers.Someone (have, has) to take out the trash.Nobody (has, have) won the jackpot yet.Several of the oranges (has, have) rotted.Neither of the boys (is, are) at home.Many students (has, have) computers.Either of the answers (is, are) correct.Somebody (are, is) going to be surprised!Each (tries, try) to win the quiz.

She knows New York better than does. My brother is the wearing the blue shirt. was there to rescue her. of the girls has received a gift.I don’t know of the answers.Don’t worry, will be fine. likes being poor.Sorry, I do not remember . Lucas. is here to see you. enjoyed the movie.

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one any everything anyone anythingnobody no one someone everyone each

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