Basic Electricity Info... All electricity is energy that results from the movement of electrons.
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Transcript of Basic Electricity Info... All electricity is energy that results from the movement of electrons.
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Basic Electricity Info...
All electricity is energy that results from the movement of electrons.
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All matter is made up of positive and negative charges
The negatives charges (electrons) can
move freely and this movement creates…
ELECTRICITY!
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Electric current is the movement or flow of electrons. CIRCUIT is the PATH the electricity travels on.
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•Most of the time, the + and – charges cancel each other out.
•Most matter is neutral
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Static Electricity
•Static electricity is the buildup of charges on an object
•The word static means not moving
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How can electric charges build up on an object?
•Friction•Conduction•Induction
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When charges on an object are rearranged without physical contact, it has been charged by induction.
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Conductors• A conductor is a material
through which electric charges move easily
Examples of conductors:
Metals such as copper, aluminum, gold, silver
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Insulators
•
• An insulator is material through which electric charges cannot move easily
• Examples: plastic, rubber, wood, glass and sand
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Static Discharge
The loss of static electricity as charges move off an object is called static discharge
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Lightning!Lightning!
A giant electric spark, called lightning, is the result of static discharge created in a cloud.
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How is lightning formed?
• The wind rubs together the water molecules and particles of matter in the clouds
• This friction causes static electricity to build up in the cloud
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• The electrons collect in the lower part of the cloud
• They induce positive charges from the ground below.
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Only some lightning reaches Earth
and it can be VERY dangerous and can cause property damage.
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Who is this?Who is this?
• Clues:• Inventor• Lightning rod• Ben Franklin• A lightning rod
conducts an electric charge from the cloud directly to the ground.
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Electricity ~ Mouse and Cheese Analogy
The negative charges (mice) will do work in order to get to the positive charges (cheese).
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Electricity ~ Mouse and
Cheese Analogy
•The mouse wants to get to the cheese, but there is no path.
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The Mouse Cheese Circuit
•
•The mouse (electron) will gladly do work to get to the cheese (proton)
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Electrochemical Cells
• Electricity can be generated by a chemical reaction
• An electrochemical cell changes chemical energy into electrical energy
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The Mouse Cheese Battery
• Both the D cell and the AA cell produce 1.5 volts.
• What is the difference?
• Answer: The D cell will last longer
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The Mouse Cheese Battery
• This is the mouse-cheese version of a D cell and an AA cell
• Which is which?
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Real Batteries
• Both the D cell and the AA cell produce 1.5 volts.
• What is the difference?
• Answer: The D cell will last longer
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Electric Current Measurement
• Each month your family receives an electric bill.
• How does Con Ed determine how much money you owe?
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CURRENT ~ is the rate of flow of charges
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VOLTAGE ~ The amount of work that each charge will do as it goes through the circuit.
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RESISTANCE ~ the opposition to the flow of charge. Any appliance that asks the charge -- to do work will slow the charge down
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A wire’s resistance depends on:
• The kind of material it is made of
• The length and width• The temperature (what it is
insulated with)
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What do you think are the TOP FIVE Power RATINGS for
Common Appliances?1.2.3.4.5.
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You are given four outlets to plug in 4 separate electrical appliances. You may only use these 4 appliances for an entire week.
What 4 would you choose?
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NAME this SCIENTIST!NAME this SCIENTIST!
Who invented the light bulb?
Thomas Edison
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How does a light bulb work?
Electrons flow through a wire and heats up the chemicals in the filament.
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Light BulbsWhen the
electrons reach the filament, its resistance is so great that the electric energy is converted into heat and light energy.
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Current•The symbol for
current is the capital letter I
•The unit measure for current is amperes or amps
•Current is measured with an ammeter
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Resistance
•The symbol for resistance is R
•Resistance is measured in units called ohms
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Voltage
• Voltage is measured in volts
• The symbol for volt is V
• Voltage is measured with a voltmeter
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Electroscope
An electroscope is an instrument used to detect an electric charge
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Ohm’s Law
• Ohm’s Law states that the current in a circuit is equal to the voltage divided by the resistance
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Ohm’s Law
• Where: V is the Voltage measured in volts I is the Current measured in amperes R is the resistance measured in Ohms
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Sample Problem
• A nine volt battery supplies power to a cordless curling iron with a resistance of 18 ohms. How much current is flowing through the curling iron?
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Solution
• 1.) Since V(Voltage) and R(Resistance) are known, solve for I(Current) by dividing both sides of the equation by R.
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Solution
2. The R's on the right hand side of the equation cancel.
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Solution
• 3.) I is then left in terms of V and R
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Solution
• 4.) Substitute in the values for V(Voltage) and R(Resistance).
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5.) Solve for I (Current)
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Why can a bird sit on a power line?
When a bird sits on a power line, both feet are on the line.
There is no potential difference between the feet.
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If one leg is on the ground and the other one is on the power line, then there are potential difference between these two legs.
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Therefore, there is a flow of charge and eventually the chicken will be fried…get it?
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Sample Problem
• A 110 volt wall outlet supplies power to a strobe light with a resistance of 2200 ohms. How much current is flowing through the strobe light?
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Sample Problem
• Answer:
•