BASIC ELECTRICITY CHAPTER 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE. TERMS TO KNOW w ALTERNATING CURRENT(AC) w ATOM w...
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Transcript of BASIC ELECTRICITY CHAPTER 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE. TERMS TO KNOW w ALTERNATING CURRENT(AC) w ATOM w...
BASIC ELECTRICITY
CHAPTER 1
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
TERMS TO KNOW
ALTERNATING CURRENT(AC)
ATOM ATTRACTION CENTRIFUGAL FORCE CONDUCTORS DIRECT CURRENT (DC) ELECTRON ELECTRON ORBITS
INSULATORS MATTER NEGATIVE NEUTRON NUCLEUS POSITIVE PROTON SEMICONDUCTORS VALENCE ELECTRONS
HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY GREEKS DISCOVERED 2500 YEARS AGO USED PRACTICALLY ABOUT 100 YEARS AMBER BECAME CHARGED WHEN
RUBBED WITH OTHER MATERIALS: ATTRACTED THINGS LIKE LEAVES, FEATHERS, BITS OF CLOTH
THE WORD ELECTRIC COMES FROM THE WORD “ELEKTRON”
LIST A: POSITIVE
LIST B: NEGATIVE
STUDY OF ATOMS ATOM IS THE BUILDING BLOCK OF
UNIVERSE ALL MATTER IS MADE FROM A
COMBINATION OF ATOMS MATTER IS ANY SUBSTANCE THAT HAS
MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE MATTER CAN EXIST IN THREE FORMS:
SOLID, LIQUID, OR GAS ELEMENT: CAN’T BE DIVIDED INTO A
SIMPLER SUBSTANCE
STUDY OF ATOMS
THREE STATES OF WATER
THREE PARTS OF AN ATOM: 1.ELECTRON
2. PROTON 3.NEUTRON
NUCLEUS: PROTON AND NEUTRON
NOTICE THE CHARGES OF EACH PART
PROTON=POSITIVE CHARGE
ELECTRON=NEGATIVE
CHARGE
LAW OF CHARGES….
Opposite charges attract and like charges repel
VALENCE ELECTRONS
OUTER SHELL OF ATOM IS KNOWN AS “VALENCE SHELL”
ELECTRONS LOCATED IN OUTER SHELL ARE “VALENCE ELECTRONS”
THE VALENCE SHELL CAN’T HOLD MORE THAN 8 ELECTRONS
COPPER: GOOD CONDUCTOR BECAUSE OF ONLY ONE VALENCE ELECTRON
CURRENT FLOW HAPPENS WHEN ELECTRONS MOVE FROM
ATOM TO ATOM.
INSULATORS: HAVE 7 OR 8 ELECTRONS IN VALENCE SHELL
SEMICONDUCTORS: HAVE 4 ELECRONS IN VALENCE SHELL
CONDUCTORS
THEY HAVE ONLY 1 OR 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS:
THEY GIVE UP THOSE ELECTRONS EASILY WITH LITTLE EFFORT
THEY ALLOW CURRENT FLOW EASILY: LOW RESISTANCE!!!!!!
EXAMPLES OF GOODCONDUCTORS SILVER: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON COPPER: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON GOLD: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON ALUMINUM: 3 VALENCE ELECTRON PLATINUM: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON
INSULATORS
MATERIALS THAT HAVE 7 OR 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS
RESIST FLOW OF ELECTRICITY ELECTRONS ARE HELD TIGHTLY
AND ARE NOT GIVEN UP EASILY
EXAMPLES OF INSULATORS
RUBBER PLASTIC GLASS WOOD
SEMICONDUCTORS
MATERIALS THAT HAVE 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS
ARE NEITHER GOOD FOR CONDUCTORS OR INSULATORS
USED TO MAKE DIODES AND TRANSISTORS
COMPUTORSCOMPUTORS ARE FULL OF SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL
SILICON AND GERMANIUM MOST COMMON USED
METHODS OF PRODUCINGELECTRICITY
MAGNETISM=GENERATOR CHEMICAL=BATTERY PRESSURE=PIEZO SENSORS HEAT=THERMOCOUPLES FRICTION=STATIC LIGHT=PHOTO ELECTRIC
REVIEW…..
OPEN THE BOOKS TO SUMMARY AT END OF CHAPTER.
DO THE REVIEW QUESTIONS IN CLASS.