BASIC DESIGNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF DRONES (QUADCOPTERS) THROUGH MECHATRONICS

A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH

INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS: MECHATRONICS: The emerging multi-disciplinary branch of Engineering developed to approach systematic advancements in design and production through integration of Mechanical, Electronics and Electrical disciplines.ORIGIN OF DEVOLOPMENT: In 1969 by senior engineer Tetsura Mori , worked in Japanese company famous for building Mechanical equipment and he used to produce Mechanical equipment with Electronics and introduced this technical term.NEED FOR MECHATRONICS: ???

Ex: Robots, Automobiles, Quad cores, Aero-vehicles etc.,

NATURE OF RELATION BETWEEN MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONICS: Innovations in respective disciplines

When problems raised in Mechanical systems, Solutions developed for resolving challenges through electronics and accurate designing, material selection and advanced manufacturing of Electronic devices made into with integration of Mechanical technology.

Among the Ongoing innovations through Mechatronics we are going to present about Drones(Quad copters),aero-dynamic device.

QUADCOPTER DEVELOPMENTSEQUENCE OF STEPS: Understanding the fundamental laws and working principles Designing 2D views, Creation of Samples through 3D printing Digital and circuit design Processing: Materials selection systematic preference of components(sensors etc.,) Production: Assembly of materials and electronic devices Performance: Testing their function Analysing their motion

FUNDAMENTAL LAWS AND WORKING PRINCIPLES The design of the flying drone consists of the quad rotor with four propelling

wings. Out of the four motors, the left and right induce pull action, while the front and back induce push action.

The brain of the robot is a microcontroller board that has been designed for auto-piloting drones.

The microcontroller is combined with an inertial measurement unit. This unit consists of a 3 axis gyro, 3 axis accelerometer and a barometric pressure gauge.

An RC transmitter is used to navigate the robot. Functionalities of the robot can be enhanced further by fitting a GPS chip for gauging latitude and longitude and a SONAR system for gauging the altitude.

DESIGNING To get the model of required dimensions with high precisions, interactive Computer

aided designing is preferred to manual. Select any CAD Software. For Ex: AUTOCAD, CATIA etc., Let us make use of CATIA: Computer aided 3 dimensional interactive application. Draw the Front, top and side view of Required Product in Sketcher and develop it as

3D model with part design and this is done as follows:

SAMPLE MANUFACTURING THROUGH 3D PRINTING:3D PRINTING: 3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects

from a digital file and 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. Rapid prototyping: Prototyping is a cycle that producers or designing teams make models for end users

to test, evaluate, or debug, and get feedbacks then revise or redesign at the pre-production. Saves time & cost.

CAD (Computer Aided Design) uses a 3D modeling program or 3D scanner for virtual design. The software slices the final model into hundreds or thousands of horizontal layers and the printer creates the

object layer by layer, resulting in one three dimensional object

CIRCUIT AND DIGITAL ANALYSIS

PROCESSING-MATERIALS SELECTION:

MECHANICAL

Tyres Screws, Nuts, Bolts, Washers, Quick

release pins Handles, Knobs, Levers and Hand wheels Mechanical Control cables, glands, Sealed

cable passage Springs, Gaskets, Rotary and Shaft seals

ELECTRONIC Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes, Light-

Emitting Diodes, Transistors Integrated Circuits Logic board, Balance Board: Multi copter

Motor Controller, 30AMP Electronic service controller(ESC) Motors, Mystery Brushless, Transceiver:  nRF24L01,Chassis, Propellers: APC 10 x 4.7 Power Distribution board, Battery: Lithium polymer battery

Resistors: A resistor is a component that resists the flow of current Capacitors: A capacitor is a device that can temporarily store an electric charge. Diodes: A diode is a device that lets current flow in only one direction. A diode

has two terminals, called the anode and the cathode. Light-Emitting Diodes: A light-emitting diode (or LED) is a special type of diode

that emits light when current passes through it. TRANSISTOR:A transistor is a three-terminal device in which a voltage

applied to one of the terminals (called the base) can control current that flows across the other two terminals (called the collector and the emitter).

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT: An integrated circuit is a special component that contains an entire electronic circuit, complete with transistors, diodes, and other elements, all photographically etched onto a tiny piece of silicon.

LOGIC BOARD: BALANCED BOARD MOTOR CONTROLLER

MOTORS TRANSCEIVER PROPELLERS

POWER DISTRIBUTION BOARD BATTERY

ASSEMBLAGE OF MATERIALS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICESArranging IC Circuit in between layers of Outer chassis and connections are made through communication systems

FIXING FAILURESTESING THEIR FUNCTION: At Higher Altitudes and Extreme conditions Sensitivity to Sudden jerks Under Poor Signals ANALYSING MOTION: Position Target Approach Path of moments Angular velocity

APPLICATIONS SEARCH AND RESCUE INSPECTIONS SECURITY SURVEILLANCE SCIENCE & RESEARCH AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY UNMANNED CARGO SYSTEMADVANTAGES: Saves Lives, Low Risk and Accuracy:DISDVANTAGES: Limited Abilities, Civilian Losses and Take OverCONCLUSION: Thus through MECHATRONICS, We can develop AUTOMATION and scope for INNOVATION.