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Basic concepts and issues on human development
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Transcript of Basic concepts and issues on human development
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Basic Concepts and Issues on
Human Development
EDUC 21 – Child and Adolescent Development
Ferdinand C. Importado
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Human Development
• Human development is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the life span.• It includes growth and decline. • Development can be positive or negative.
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Some Major Principles of
Human Development
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Principle 1
Development is relatively orderly.
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Proximodistal pattern
The muscular growth of the trunk and the arms comes earlier as compared to the hands and fingers.
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Cephalocaudal pattern
During infancy, the greatest growth always occurs at the top – the head – with physical growth in
size, weight and future differentiation gradually working its way down from top to bottom.
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Principle 2
While the pattern of development is likely to be similar, the outcome
of developmental process and the rate of development are likely
to vary among individuals.
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Principle 3
Development takes place gradually.
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Principle 4
Development as a process is complex
because it is the product of biological, cognitive
and socio-emotional process.
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Biological
Involves changes in the individual’s physical
nature.
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Cognitive
Involves changes in the individual’s thought, intelligence, and language.
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Socio-emotional
Includes changes in the individual’s relationship with other people, changes in emotions, and
changes in personality.
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Approaches to Human Development
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Traditional
Human development shows extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood and decline in the late old age.
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Life-span
Human development occurs al throughout the life-span of an individual.
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Characteristics of Life-span
Development
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Life-long
It does not end by adulthood and no
development stage dominates the development.
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Multi-dimensional
Development consists of biological, cognitive, and
socio-emotional dimensions.
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Plastic
Development is possible throughout the life-span.
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Contextual
Individuals are changing beings in a changing world.
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Growth, maintenance and regulation
These are considered goals in that varies in every developmental change.
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Principles of Child Development and Learning that Inform
Practice
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All the domains of development and learning (physical, social, emotional and cognitive) are
important and closely-related.
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Many aspects of children’s learning and development
follow well documented sequences, with later abilities, skills, and
knowledge building on those already acquired.
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Development and learning proceed at varying rates
from child to child, as well as at
uneven areas across different
areas of a child’s individual
functioning.
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Development and learning result from
a dynamic and continuous
interaction of biological
maturation and experience.
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Early experiences have profound
effects (cumulative and delayed) on a
child’s development and
learning; and optimal periods exist for certain
types of development and learning to occur.
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Development proceeds toward greater complexity,
self regulation, and symbolic or representational
capacities.
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Children develop best when they have secure, consistent relationships with responsive adults and opportunities for positive relationship with
peers.
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Development and learning occur in and
are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts.
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Always mentally active in seeking to understand the
world around them, children learn in a variety of ways; a
wide range of teaching strategies and interactions are effective in supporting all these kinds of learning.
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Play is an important vehicle for developing self-regulation as well
as promoting language, cognition and social
competence.
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Development and learning advance when children are
challenged to achieve at a level just beyond their current mastery,
and also when they have many
opportunities to practice, newly acquired skills.
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Children’s experiences shape their motivation and
approaches to learning such as persistence, initiative, and
flexibility; in turn, these dispositions and behaviors
affect their learning and development.