Basic Computer
description
Transcript of Basic Computer
![Page 1: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
BasicComputer
Systems
![Page 2: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A computer is . . . A purely digital device
Definition: Digital is a type of electronic signal that is processed, sent and stored in bits—binary digits
Computers use binary coding—a coding system that uses two numbers--1 & 0
In computer terms, the bit is the smallest unit of measurement a computer can understand
2
![Page 3: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bits to bytes . . . 8 bits equal 1 byte
A byte is a single character of data, such as a letter, number, etc.
3
Term Abbreviation
Approximate Size
Kilobyte KB or K =1000 bytes (actual size is 1024 bytes)Megabyte
MB =1 million bytes
Gigabyte
GB =1 billion bytes
Terabyte
TB =1 trillion bytes
![Page 4: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A computer is device that . . . Uses stored instructions
(programs) Accepts data that user supplies
(input) Manipulates data according to a
program (processing) Stores data (storage) Produces results (output)4
![Page 5: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What types of data . . . ?
Text data – letters, numbers, and special characters
Graphic data – photographs, charts, and drawings
Audio data – voice and music Video data – moving pictures
and images5
![Page 6: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Computer systems The physical components of a
computer system are called hardware. Hardware typically includes:
System unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse Peripheral devices (extra) such as a
printer or scanner
6
![Page 7: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Computer system vs. System unit Computer system—the
system unit along with input and output devices
System unit—the part of a computer system that processes data and stores information
7
![Page 8: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Embedded Smartphone Handheld Tablet Netbook Laptop
Desktop All-in-One
Server Mainframe Super Wearable
Computer systems
8
![Page 9: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Handheld
Smartphone
Netbook
Tablet
All-in-one
Supercomputer
Wearable
Server
Embedded Vehicle
Laptop
Mainframe
![Page 10: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
System unit
The main circuit board of a computer is the motherboard.
The central processing unit is located on the motherboard. The CPU is the circuitry that processes information—the “brain” of the computer.
The speed of the processor is controlled by the system clock.
10
![Page 11: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
System clock
Controls the timing of ALL computer operations; measured in hertz—one cycle per second. Speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz)—a billion cycles per second. It takes about one-tenth of a second to blink
your eye; a computer can perform some operations 10 million times in the time it takes you to blink you eye.
11
![Page 12: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
The most popular brand processors on the
market are AMD and Intel.
![Page 13: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Main memory Main memory is located on
the motherboard. It is also known as primary memory: Random Access Memory (RAM)
Temporary memory available to the user; typically measured in gigabytes
Read Only Memory (ROM) Permanent memory that handles basic startup
functions, known as BIOS—basic input/output systems
13
![Page 14: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Input Devices: Any hardware component that allows
a user to enter information into a computer Keyboard Pointing Devices Scanners Multimedia
14
![Page 15: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Keyboards
Solar Ergonomic-Split
Flexible
Blue-Tooth / iPad
Ergonomic-Split
Child’s Toddler Wireless
Gaming
Virtual
Virtual
LED-Color Changing
![Page 16: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Pointing devices: Mouse Trackball Touch pad—typically found on
laptops
Pen input—pen-like device touches surface of screen to digitally input data
Touch screen—touching the screen with your finger digitally inputs data
16
![Page 17: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Scanners Bar code reader—reads
universal product codes (UPC) Optical mark reader (OMR)—
reads “bubble” sheets marked with pencil
Optical character reader (OCR)-reads handwritten or typed text
Page scanner—digitally captures an image or text
17
![Page 18: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Multimedia Microphone Electronic music keyboard Video camera Digital camera Virtual reality devices
18
![Page 19: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Output device Any hardware component that can
convey information to the user Display devices (soft copy: data projected
on a screen) Printers (hard copy: data printed on
paper) Speakers
19
![Page 20: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Display devices360°
Pico Projector HDTV
Flat-Screen MonitorProjector
Interactive Whiteboard
DocumentProjector
![Page 21: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Printers The two most common types of printers
are ink-jet and laser The speed of a printer is measured by
the number of pages per minute (PPM) that can be printed
The quality of a printer is measured bythe number of dots per inch (dpi) thatcan be printed
21
![Page 22: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Storage devices The media on which data and
information are kept Three classifications:
Magnetic—hard disk Optical—CD, DVD, Blu-ray
Information is burned on the disk by laser Flash—memory cards, flash drive
22
![Page 23: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Communication devices Devices that make it
possible for a user to communicate with another computer Most popular: modem
Phone, cable, DSL Computers on a network use
network interface cards (NIC) Wired or wireless
23
![Page 24: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SoftwareThe instructions that allow the user to communicate with the computer; also called programs Three categories:
System software Application software Communications software
24
![Page 25: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
System software Software responsible for the general
operation of a computer system, including the operation of hardware, running application software, and file management Operating system (OS)--system software that acts as a "go-
between", allowing computer hardware and other software to communicate with each other Microsoft Windows Mac OS Linux
25
![Page 26: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
System software - utility Utility—runs system checks and makes
sure everything is working properly; One type of utility software is anti-virus
software, which checks for viruses (programs designed to disrupt or destroy the normal operation of a computer McAfee, Norton, Avast, AVG
26
![Page 27: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Word Processing Spreadsheet Presentation Database Painting/Drawing Accounting
Digital Imaging Desktop Publishing Web Design Gaming Video/Audio Production Podcasting
27
Application softwarePrograms that allow the user to perform specific tasks:
![Page 28: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
![Page 29: Basic Computer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815e34550346895dcc9600/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Communication software Programs that make it possible for a
computer to transmit and receive information to and from other computers. Web Browsers
Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome Email
Web-based (Yahoo, gmail, Live, etc.) Email clients (Outlook, Pegasus, Groupwise, etc.)
29