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SLOT 1 : COMMON FORMULA OF IONS IN SPM CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS

Write The Formula Of Ions.Cation (Positive Ions)Sodium ion Ammonium ion

Potassium ion Zinc ion

Lithium ion Iron(II) ion

Silver ion Copper(II) ion

Copper(I) ion Manganese(II) ion

Hydrogen ion Lead(II) ion

Ammonium ion Nickel(II) ion

Silver ion Iron (III) ion

Magnesium ion Aluminium ion

Calcium ion Chromium (III) ion

Barium ion Tin(II) ion

Fluoride ion Oxide ion

Chloride ion Sulphide ion

Bromide ion Sulphate ion

Iodide ion Sulphite ion

Hydroxide ion Carbonate ion

Nitrate ion Thiosulphate ion

Nitrite ion Chromate(VI) ion

Ethanoate ion Dichromate(VI) ion

Manganate(VII) ion Phosphate ionCation (Positive Ions)

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SLOT 2 : COMMON CHEMICAL FORMULAE IN SPM CHEMISTRY SYLLABUSWrite The Chemical formula for given chemical substance.

Ionic Formula

Chemical Substance Chemical Formula Chemical Substance Chemical Formula

Hydrochloric acid Zinc hydroxide

Nitric acid Calcium carbonate

Sulphuric acid Sodium carbonate

Methanoic acid Potassium bicarbonate

Ethanoic acid Potassium nitrate

Phosphorus acid Lead(II) nitrate

Carbonic acid Sodium nitrate

Hypochlorous acid Lead(II) iodide

Potassium hydroxide Silver chloride

Sodium hydroxide Magnesium sulphate

Calcium hydroxide Sodium thiosulphate

Ammonia Copper(II) oxide

Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium oxide

Copper(I) hydroxide Zinc oxide

Aluminium hydroxide Sodium oxide

Iron(II) hydroxide Aluminium oxide

Iron(III) hydroxide Iron(III) oxide

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Molecular Formula

Chemical Substance Chemical Formula Chemical Substance Chemical Formula

Carbon monoxide Anmonia

Carbon dioxide Water

Nitrogen monoxide Hydrogen chloride

Nitrogen dioxide Tetrachloromethane

Sulphur dioxide Glucose

Sulphur trioxide Hydrogen bromide

Fluorine Hydrogen iodide

Bromine Hydrogen sulphide

Chloride Nitrogen

Iodine Nitrogen dioxide

3

Azienurul@Sas2016

BACK TO BASIC CHEMISTRYSEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH, PUTRAJAYA

SLOT 3 : IDENTIFY TYPE OF PARTICLES AND COMPOUNDState type of particles and compounds for given chemical substance.

Chemical Substance Particles Chemical Substance Compound

Chlorine, Cl2 Water, H2O

Calcium carbonate, CaCO3

Magnesium oxide, MgO

Zinc chloride, ZnCl2Sodium chloride, NaCl

Naphthalene, C8H10Tetrachloromethane, CCl4

Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH Carbon dioxide, CO2

Hydrogen chloride, HCl Zinc chloride, ZnCl2

Sulphur, S Naphthalene, C8H10

Helium, He Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH

Copper(II) oxide, CuO Chlorine, Cl2

Butane, C4H10Calcium carbonate, CaCO3

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SLOT 4 : CONSTRUCT AND BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATIONS1. Complete the chemical equations below.

a) ____ Na + ____ Cl2 _____ NaCl

b) ____ Mg + ____ HNO3 _____ Mg(NO3)2 + ____H2

c) ____ C2H4 + _____ O2 _____ CO2 + _____H2O

d) ____ Cu + _____ AgNO3 _____ CuSO4 + ____ Ag

2. Write a balances chemical equation for each of the following reactions:

a) Sodium oxide + water sodium hydroxide

_____________________________________________________________________

b) Silver nitrate + sodium chloride silver chloride + sodium nitrate

_____________________________________________________________________

c) Sodium thiosulphate + Sulphuric acid sodium sulphate + sulphur + sulphur dioxide+ water

_____________________________________________________________________

d) Magnesium metal reacts with the chlorine gas to form solid magnesium chloride.

_____________________________________________________________________

e) Solid calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, water and carbon dioxide.

_____________________________________________________________________

f) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium sulphate and water.

_____________________________________________________________________

5

Azienurul@Sas2016

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SLOT 5 : RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (RAM) AND RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS (RMM)

A. RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (RAM)

Relative Atomic Mass =

B. RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS (RMM)Calculate the relative molecular mass for following substance below.

1. O2

2. CO2

3. NaCl

4. AgNO3

5. C2H4

6. Cu(OH)2

7. Fe2O3.5H2O

8. Mg(NO3)2

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Azienurul@Sas2016

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90cm3

Carbon dioxide gas

Syringe Piston

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SLOT 6 : MOLE CONCEPTS

TEST YOURSELF :

1 Diagram 1.1 shows a syringe filled with carbon dioxide gas, CO2 at room temperature and pressure.

Diagram 1.1

[Relative atomic mass of C = 12 , O = 16, Molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure]

1. Calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas in the syringe.

[2 marks]

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2. Calculate(i) the number of carbon dioxide molecules in the syringe.

[Avogadro Constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]

[1 mark]

(ii) the number of atoms in the syringe. [Avogadro Constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]

[1 mark]

3. Diagram 1.2 shows 25 g of calcium carbonate, CaCO3 . [Relative atomic mass of C = 12, O = 16, Ca = 40]

Diagram 1.2

Calculate

(i) The relative formula mass of calcium carbonate.

[1 mark]

(ii) the number of moles of calcium carbonate.

[1 mark]

(iii) the percentage of oxygen by mass in calcium carbonate.

[1 mark]

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25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate25 g of calcium carbonate

Azienurul@Sas2016

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(d) A closed glass bottle contains 4 mol molecules of oxygen, O2. Given that the Avogadro constant is 6.02 x 1023 mol-1.

(i) What is the number of oxygen molecules in the bottle?

[1 mark](ii) How many oxygen atoms are there in the bottle?

[1 mark]

(e) Find the number of moles of atoms in a sample containing 9.03 × 1020 atoms of copper.Given that the Avogadro constant is 6.02 × 1023 mol-1.

[1 mark]

9

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SLOT 6 : EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULAE

1. DEFINATION

Empirical formula

Molecular formula

2. EMPIRICAL FORMULA

A. Magnesium Oxide

DIAGRAM:

BEFORE HEATINGClean the magnesium ribbon with sand paper.DURING HEATINGWhen the Mg start burning, closed the crucible with the lidOpen the lid intervals

AFTER HEATINGMake sure all Mg is fully oxidized/ completely reactOBSERVATION

CHEMICAL EQUATION

B. Copper (II) Oxide

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DIAGRAM:

BEFORE HEATINGMaterials to produce H2 gas.

Material used to dry H2 gas.Flow the H2 gas for few minutes before heating

Make sure that other air have been removed

DURING HEATINGWhy burn the excess H2 gas.

AFTER HEATINGContinue flow the H2 gas / Let the hot metal Cu cool in the flow of H2

Make sure all CuO is fully reduced/ completely react

OBSERVATION

CHEMICAL EQUATION

Why this method cannot be used to determine empirical formula of magnesium oxide?

TEST YOURSELF11

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1. 0.64 g of metal X combine with 0.71 g of non-metal Y. What is the empirical formula of this compound? [RAM : X = 64; Y=35.5]

2. 2.24g of iron combines chemically with 0.96g of oxygen to form an oxide. What is the empirical formula of the oxide? [ RAM : O = 16, Fe = 56 ]

3. The empirical formula of a compound is CH2. If the relative molecular mass of the compound is 84, what is its molecular formula?[Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12]

12

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SLOT 7 : SOLVING NUMERICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS – STOICHIOMETRY

Calculation steps :

S1 : Write a balance chemical equation.S2 : Write the information from the question above the equation.S3 : Write the information from the chemical equation below the equation.

(information about the number of moles of reactants/products)S4 : Change the information in s2 into moles by using method shown in the chart below.S5 : Use the relationship between number of moles of substance involved in S3 to

find the answerS6 : Change the information to the unit required using the chart below.

TEST YOURSELF : Solve the following problems by using chemical equations.(a) What is the volume of carbon dioxide releases when 5 g of calcium carbonate reacts

with hydrochloric acid at room condition?[RAM : C = 12; O = 16; Ca = 40; 1 mol of gas occupied 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition]

(b) 5.0 g of hydrated copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4.5H2O, is heated to remove its water vapour.

CuSO4.5H2O CuSO4 + 5H2OCalculate the mass of water vapour removed.[ RAM : H = 1; O =16; S = 32; Cu = 64]

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(c) 3.1g of sodium oxide is formed when the sodium metal is burnt completely in oxygen at STP. Calculation the volume of oxygen used.[RAM : O = 16; Na = 23 ; molar volume = 22.4 dm3 mol-1 at STP]

(d) 0.8g of copper (II) oxide powder is added to excess dilute nitric acid and heated. Find the mass of copper (II) nitrate produced?[RAM : N = 14; O = 16; Cu = 64]

(e) 0.46g of sodium is burn completely in chlorine gas at room condition.Find the volume of chlorine gas.[ RAM : Na = 23; Cl =35.5; molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition]

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