BASIC BLOCKS OF MATTER

What are atoms?What are elements?What are molecules?

Matter is everywhere in the universe.

What is matter?• Matter is everywhere in the

universe.• Everything is made of matter.• You are made out of matter.• Matter is everything that takes

up space (volume) and has mass.

• Matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas.

• Organic matter are all solids, liquids, and gases that comprise of organisms, living or dead.

• Inorganic matter are comprised of materials in non-living substances, such as rocks.

OXYGEN FIRE SMOKEA CELL A CLOUD A THUNDERAIR BUBBLES A LIGHTING THE MOON

Which of the following items ARE NOT matter?

What do foil and charcoal have in common?

Breaking matter into the smallest parts.

• You can cut, break, chop, smash anything into tiny parts.

• You can break down any living or nonliving thing into small particles.

• Draw or represent the smallest piece of anything you might imagine.

From tiny to a large piece of matter

• Isn’t it amazing to think that everything is made out of tiny particles.

• Let’s think this about this size.

.

This size is even huge compare to an atom. Dust grain under

a microscopeElectron microscope photograph of clay - magnification 23,500

What a building is made out of?

• Clay samples

What a building is made out of?

clay Brickhttp://www.barronica.com/attributes.html

What a building is made out of?

Bricks Walls

What a building is made out of?

Conclusion: A castle is made out of mega millions of particles of clay.

A particle of clay contains millions of atoms Clay under a microscope

Sand under a microscope

From an onion to a cell.

Nucleus of a cell

chromosomes

Atoms

You have watched and listened to some facts related to the microscopic world hidden in the huge universe.Think about this: What has been the most revealing idea about this micro universe.Write your insights.

We can see solids and liquids easily because light reflects on their surface.

Watching gases is more difficult because their particles are smaller and

are moving constantly.

When light reflects it bounces off.Visible light is the light that humans can see.http://www.physics4kids.com/files/light_intro.html

Light cannot reflect on an atom because it is so small.

Sunlight hits the Apple’s surface.Light contains many wavelengths or colors.All of the colors are absorbed except red which bounces.Red is the visible light that gets to your eyes after bouncing from the tomato.

What are the parts of an atom?

Read the second paragraph: parts of an atom.Think about it and draw a picture to represent a model illustrating its parts.

An atom has two different regions –the nucleus and the electron cloud. The nucleus is located in the center of the atom. It is composed of protons and neutrons. A proton is a particle that has positive charge. A neutron is a particle that has no charge.The nucleus of an atom is surrounded by the electron cloud.This part of the atoms contains electrons and a great deal of empty space. Electrons are always moving around the nucleus. An electron is a particle that has a negative charge.

Models of an atom

Watch these video clips to reinforce ideas.

Copy and paste in your browser

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lP57gEWcisY

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-3I1JGW-Ck

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nx90iE6wmig

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi91qyjuknM

Listening comprehension Exercise

Listen to the first video and write three new facts or ideas.

Most things are made of more than one kind of atom. For example, water is made of two atoms of oxygen and an atom of

hydrogen.

H2O

Elements & compounds

Elements, are made up of only one type of atom. An element cannot be separated into smaller substances by chemical means. Elements are the purest form matter.

Pure element

• A sample of an element contains only one kind of atom in the sample. Suppose you had a lump of copper in your hand. The ONLY type of atom in the lump is copper.

• In the lump there are trillions and trillions and trillions of copper atoms. NOTHING else.

Examples of elementsPure substances

Pure elements

iron mercury

Pure compounds• A compound is a substance

composed of two or more different atoms chemically bonded to one another.

• A compound can be broken down by chemical means. It might be broken down into into its elements or a combination of the two.

• The key distinction is that compounds break down but do not cause an element to break down.

• Water is a typical example of a compound. One molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, chemically bonded together.

Pure substances• Some people define a pure

substance to be a material that consists of one type of "building block" of matter. If this definition is used, only elements and compounds are pure substances, while mixtures are not considered to be pure substances.

• Gold, silver and diamond are examples of pure elements.

• Water, sugar, salt and baking soda are pure substances which are chemical compounds.

Compounds• Most elements can interact

with other elements to form compounds.

• Compounds can have different states of matter like liquid, solid, gas.

• Most things in nature are compounds.

• Hydrogen gas, for example, burns in oxygen gas to form water.

Sodium chloride NaCl

Listening comprehension exercise

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfXxZwNLvPA

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cV4jJZCIMPo

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlSOESXQI7o

• Listen to the first video clip and write in your science notebook three new facts or ideas about elements and compounds.

Solid Compounds

Gas Compounds

Liquid Compounds

Is it an element or a compound?Look at the pictures and identify what are elements and

what are compounds.Divide a page with a line in two sides.

On the left write elements and on the right write compounds.

Then write each item in the corresponding side.

silver carbon dioxide aluminum sulfur

Elements in nature

• Less than 100 different elements occurs naturally on Earth.

• All matter found on Earth and everything that we have found in the universe is made of these elements.

Read the text again. Look at the examples of a pure element (gold)

and a compound (propane)What is the main difference between a pure

element and a compound?