BASF EXCLUSIVE: Out with Fusarium. In with profits.€¦ · Cultural Practices Employ a 2 to 3 year...

BASF EXCLUSIVE:

Out with Fusarium.

In with profits.

Welcome

Welcome to the BASF exclusive webinar on Fusarium management.

Hosted by:

◼ Shaun Haney

Founder of Real Agriculture

You’ll also hear from:

◼ Dr. Michael Harding

Research Scientist

Plant Pathology

Alberta Agriculture and Forestry

◼ Bruce Mackinnon

Technical Service Specialist

BASF Canada

◼ Maurice Vanwynsberghe

Manitoba Cereal Grower

Webinar Goals

2019: A discussion on protecting your profits by getting ahead

of Fusarium.

◼ Recommend tools to grow healthy and highly profitable cereals

◼ Explore best management practices to control Fusarium

What We’ll Be Covering

◼ Impact of Fusarium across Canada

◼ Lifecycle of the disease

◼ Forecasting Fusarium

◼ Management strategies

Don’t be shy; submit your questions via the chat box to get them answered

during the Q & A session at the end.

Today’s webinar is eligible for one CCA CEU for Integrated Pest Management

(IPM). If you didn’t input your CCA number earlier, please call AgSolutions®

Customer Care.

Just the Facts

◼ Fusarium is not a new disease; it’s

been in Canada since the early 1900s1

◼ Since 2013, it’s started to spread

rapidly across Western Canada

◼ Growth trend calls for action

1Canadian Grain Commission, https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/str-rst/fusarium/fhbwc-foc-eng.htm, 2019

Michael Harding, PhD

Fusarium Head Blight

in Alberta

◼ Fifteen years with Alberta Agriculture and Forestry

◼ Received his PhD in Plant Pathology from the University

of Arizona

◼ His work is focused on applied research, extension and

surveillance of diseases on field and horticultural crops

◼ Grew up on a farm near Taber, AB

Outline

◼ What causes FHB

◼ Alberta’s situation

◼ Losses to FHB

◼ Management tools

What Causes FHB?

Head

Symptoms

Causal

Agents

Grain Symptoms

(FDKs)

Fusarium Head Blight Disease Cycle

Crop debris (wheat, maize, rice, etc.) bearing perithecia and sporodochiaprovide primary inoculum

Source: Schmale III, D.G. and G.C.

Bergstrom. 2003. Fusarium head blight.

The Plant Health Instructor. American

Phytopathological Society



Ascospores

G. zeae G. avenacea

Wind-dispersed

spores







Ascospores

G. zeae G. avenacea

Conidia

F. culmorum

F. graminearum

F. avenaceum

Wind-dispersed

spores

Rain-splashed spores







Infected spike, leaf sheath, and culm

Ascospores

G. zeae G. avenacea

Conidia

F. culmorum

F. graminearum

F. avenaceum

Wind-dispersed

spores












Infected spike, leaf sheath, and culm

Blighted seedling

Infected seed

Ascospores

G. zeae G. avenacea

Conidia

F. culmorum

F. graminearum

F. avenaceum

Wind-dispersed

spores


$ Billions in Losses Since the 1990s

Source: https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/str-rst/fusarium/data/frequency-en.htm#map

The Alberta Situation

Source: https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/str-rst/fusarium/data/frequency-en.htm#map

Increasing # Samples with FDKs

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003

% o

f s

am

ple

s w

ith

FD

Ks

Source: https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/str-rst/fusarium/data/frequency-en.htm

Results by Crop District

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003

% s

am

ple

sw

ith

FD

Ks

CD 1 CD 2 CD 3 CD 4 CD 5 CD 6 CD 7

Source: https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/str-rst/fusarium/data/frequency-en.htm

Surveys for F. graminearum

Why Should I Care About It?

◼ Yield loss

◼ Grade loss due to FDKs

◼ Quality loss due to DON

◼ These losses are additive

◼ FHB is difficult to control

Source:

http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/

all/econ15456/$file/cost-of-fusarium.pdf?OpenElement

Yield and Grade Loss

◼ With 0.25% FDK in a CWRS sample, the total revenue loss from

reduced yield and class downgrade to #2 is about $52 per acre

◼ When the wheat is downgraded further to class #3 or feed wheat,

the economic impact increases significantly to $62 and $65 per

acre, respectively

Cost of FHB

FHB costs Alberta

producers between

$3 million and $9

million every year.

Management of FHB

NO SINGLE TOOL WILL

CONTROL FHB!

How Could I Manage FHB?

◼ Cultural practices

◼ Variety selection

◼ Seed health

◼ Fungicides

◼ New tools?

Cultural Practices

◼ Employ a 2 to 3 year break between host crops

● Broadleaf crops are not hosts (pulses, oilseeds, horticultural crops)

● Cereals, grasses and corn are hosts

◼ Provide balanced soil fertility

◼ Scout crops regularly for FHB symptoms

◼ Carefully handle infested grains and straw

◼ Ensile infected crops

◼ Chop and/or turn under infected crop residues

◼ Avoid irrigating during flowering

◼ Avoidance (sometimes winter wheat)

Variety Selection

Source:

http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/

agdex4069/$file/100-32.pdf?OpenElement

Use cultivars

with resistance

Seed Health

SEED TEST CERTIFICATE

Fungicides

CHEMICAL CONTROL

◼ Apply protective fungicides

during flowering

● NOTE: For suppression only

◼ Don’t forget to follow label directions

Fungicides Registered for Suppression of FHB

Product Wheat Barley Oat Rye

Caramba®

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Proline®

480 SC ✓ ✓

Prosaro®

✓ ✓

Bravo®

500 ✓

Folicur®

250 ✓

Caramba: metconazole (90 g/L); water 40 L/ac

Apply when at least 75% of heads on main stem are fully emerged up to when 50% of heads

on main stem are in flower.

Sprayer Technology and Nozzles

◼ 80-degree flat fan nozzle with fine to

medium droplets

◼ Angle nozzles forward 30 degrees

◼ Apply fungicide at 90 to 100 L per hectare

◼ Boom height 8 to 10 inches above heads

Source: https://sprayers101.com/twinfan/

New Tools

1. Visit https://agriculture.alberta.ca/acis/

2. On the task bar on the left, click

Fusarium disease severity

https://agriculture.alberta.ca/acis

Summary

◼ FHB is a disease of concern on wheat, barley and corn

◼ FHB is caused by fusarium species, esp. F. graminearum

◼ F. graminearum has spread to most cereal-producing areas of Alberta

◼ FHB causes serious economic losses in Alberta

◼ There are a number of beneficial practices for managing FHB

No Single Tool Will Control FHB

◼ Arm yourself with information

◼ Deploy resistant cultivars

◼ Use clean, disease-free seed with a seed treatment

◼ Beneficial cultural practices & good agronomy

◼ Estimate risk in season

◼ Timely fungicide application (if needed)

◼ Scout, test, and keep records to determine effectiveness of your program

Bruce Mackinnon

What We’ve Learned

on Fusarium

◼ Technical Service Specialist at BASF for the past year

◼ 30 years of experience in agriculture in Alberta working as Retail Agronomist, Fertilizer Representative, Crop Protection and Seed Sales Agronomist and Technical Service Representative for Seed and Crop Protection

◼ Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Sciences from University of British Columbia with a Certified Crop Advisor Designation for over 20 years

◼ The spread and economic

cost of fusarium

◼ Managing soil- and

seed- borne Fusarium

◼ Optimizing a foliar fungicide

application

Key Learnings

History of Fusarium Head Blight

Fusarium head blight has caused $50 to $300 million in losses each

year since the 1990s.1

FHB is confirmed in

irrigated soft white

spring wheat in

southern Alberta

Confined

primarily to

Manitoba

1994

FHB detected in

Saskatchewan

1923 1984 1987

Trace levels of FHB were

confirmed in all crop

districts in Saskatchewan

bordering on Manitoba

2005

FHB outbreak in

Manitoba

The disease worsened,

spreading across

Western Canada

2008 2009

More than 10% of wheat

and durum grown in

southern Alberta is

downgraded with FDK

above-tolerance levels

1. Government of Alberta, “Alberta Fusarium graminearum Management Plan,” Ag-Info Centre, Government of Alberta, April 30, 2018,

https://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex5210#objective

Spread of Fusarium Head Blight

Average Fusarium Frequency from 2013-2017

Source: Canadian Grain Commission – Percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and severity of Fusarium

damage observed in Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat grown in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta

crop districts and submitted to the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program from 2013 – 2017.

◼ Higher incidences of

Fusarium began

appearing across the

Prairies in 2013

◼ Important to understand

field history as

Fusarium’s pathogen

persists in the soil and

on residues

Economic Impact of Fusarium

◼ Lost revenues due to downgrades in

quality account for Fusarium’s greatest

impact

● The value of grade loss is higher

than yield loss

◼ Economic studies estimate that

downgrades from Grade #1 to Grade

#3 due to FHB can cause losses from

$35.11 to $100 an acre

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3

% of all Grades 59.2 20.2 9.5

Fusarium Grading

Factor (% of Grade)n/a 33.9 33.7

Fusarium Grading FactorAverage over 2016-2018.

Source: Government of Alberta, “Economic Cost of Fusarium: Farm-level and Regional Economic

Impact of Fusarium in Alberta,” Zoia Komirenko, from original report by Richard Heikkila, May 2015.

Seed Treatment Recommendations

Depending on the level of disease present in your seed, it may be recommended to

select a new seed source

◼ Seed that tests >14% total Fusarium or Cochliobolus should be discarded

◼ Seed that tests > 5% F. graminearum should be discarded

◼ If either of these numbers are exceeded in a sample, one should always err on the

side of caution and use a different seed source if available, regardless of

germination or vigour ratings

◼ At these levels, even premium seed treatments will not have enough activity to

manage the disease

◼ High disease levels can lead to reductions in plant stand and add to the amount of

disease inoculum in the field

Seed Treatment Recommendations

If your seed has tested positive for a seed-borne disease OR the field you are seeding

into has a history of disease, the use of a fungicide seed treatment is highly

recommended

◼ Seed that tests positive for any level of Fusarium or Cochliobolus must be treated

with a seed treatment that is capable of managing the disease

◼ Read label for diseases controlled: Not all STs are equal

NOTE: If there has been NO history of Fusarium in a field, DO NOT use infected seed at any level as this will introduce the pathogen to the soil

Insure® Cereal FX4:

Agronomic Attributes

◼ Expanded disease label

◼ Enhanced Fusarium protection

◼ Quality plant stand

◼ Increased plant height

◼ Stronger rooting structure

◼ More plant biomass

◼ Increased stress management

◼ More consistent control

Source: Camrose, AB. 28 DAS (2018).

Competitor Insure Cereal FX4

Source: Hodgeville, SK. 27 DAS (2018).

Competitor Insure Cereal FX4

Infection Period

Spray Window for Caramba

0

Day of Head

Emergence

(75%-100%)

FHB Management – Fungicide Timing

Days

Wheat: Spray 1 to 5 days after the head clears the boot • Apply when at least 75-100% of the main stem heads have emerged to when 50% of the heads are flowering

Barley: Apply when heads have fully emerged

1 62 3 4 5

Critical Timing of Weather Events Relative to Wheat Head Emergence

Source: Dr. Hooker, U of Guelph

FHB Management – Fungicide Timing

Critical Period A

Rain

Temperature

>10˚ C

Critical Period B

Rain

Temperature

< 32˚ C (25-28˚ C is optimum)

Critical Period C

Rain

Spray Window

for Fusarium

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Inoculum

Production

Infection at

Flowering

Fungal

Growth

Day of Head

Emergence

(75%)

Days

Timing Matters

Source: 2012 BASF Research Trials in wheat (n=4)

2012 BASF Field Trial 2012 BASF Field Trial

A = 50% main stem heads have emerged

B = 20% flowering of main stem heads

C = Applied 3 days after “B”

Fungicide Return on Investment

◼ In 12 years of research and over 97 trials across Canada, the average yield

increase was 15% over untreated

-30

-10

10

30

50

70

90

1 5 9

13

17

21

25

29

33

37

41

45

49

53

57

61

65

69

73

77

81

85

89

93

97

101

105

109

113

117

121

125

129

133

137

141

145

Yie

ld In

cre

as

e %

BASF Field Trial (n= 97)

Individual Yield Increase %

Average Yield Increase %

Source: BASF Canada RCD Small Plot Data

FHB Management – Fungicide Application

Source: Dr. Hooker (U of G); Dr. Tom Wolf; Teejet

Correct use of application technology

◼ Single nozzles: At 10 gpa @ normal

travel speeds (12 mph) use low boom

heights (30 cm), coarse sprays

(>400 microns), and forward angles

◼ Double nozzles: At 10 gpa @ normal

travel speeds - use low booms (provided

appropriate overlap is achieved), coarse

sprays (350 - 400 µm), and wide angles

from vertical (>30º)

Direction of travel

◼ Use twin flat fan nozzles that are angled, preferably backward pointed to help

target the other side of the wheat head

◼ Use coarse sprays with larger droplets to maintain their integrity for longer

distances in order to hit the head. In durum wheat, awns can intercept fine droplets

before reaching the head

◼ Lower booms to less than 25 inches above target

◼ Improving spray practices can help protect the majority of wheat heads in a

variable maturing crop

◼ Summary recommendations for FHB applications: Angled spray, coarser spray

quality and low boom height

Source: Sprayer 101 Website

Spraying Tips for Fungicide for FHB

Maurice Vanwynsberghe

Firsthand Experience

Managing Fusarium

◼ 35 years farming experience in southern Manitoba

◼ 4,300-acre grain farm with 3 generations involved

◼ Currently producing HRS wheat, canola, peas, soybeans

and edible beans

◼ Believes in the importance of finding proactive ways to

approach the challenges in agriculture

Experience Managing Fusarium in Cereals

◼ History and experience growing cereals

◼ History and experience managing Fusarium

◼ Advice for other growers facing this disease for the first time

◼ Tips and tricks to optimize fungicide application

Questions and AnswersDon’t miss out on all the valuable knowledge that has been shared during the

Questions & Answers segment of the webinar.

Please visit agsolutions.ca/webinar/QA to learn more.

Thank You

For more tips, visit agsolutions.ca/cereals,

or to re-watch the online recording of this webinar.

Questions? Talk to your BASF Sales Representative or call

AgSolutions Customer Care at 1-877-371-BASF (2273).

BASF EXCLUSIVE: Out with Fusarium. In with profits.€¦ · Cultural Practices Employ a 2 to 3 year...

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Transcript of BASF EXCLUSIVE: Out with Fusarium. In with profits.€¦ · Cultural Practices Employ a 2 to 3 year...