Slide 1

BASESACIDSIdentify acids and bases based on their pH.

Understand and balance a Neutralization reaction. pHNeutralNeutralizationKey WordsWhen dissolved in water, A/B dissociate to ions.HNO3 (s) (aq) + NO3- (aq)H+ Hydrogen ion is responsible for acid properties.Ca(OH)2 (s) Ca+2 (aq) + 2 (aq)OH-Hydroxide ion is responsible for base properties.

Measuring the Strength of Acids and Bases

The strength of an acid or a base is measured using the pH scale. acidic pH 0 - 6.9low numbers mean strong acid, higher numbers mean weak acid.

basic pH 7.1 - 14 low numbers means weak base, higher numbers means strong base.

pH 7: neutral - not acidic, not basic.

Determine whether the substance is neutral, a weak or strong acid, or a weak or strong base.

Acid or base pHStomach fluid 1.7 STRONG ACIDLemon juice 2.6 Vinegar 2.8 Soft drinks 3.0 Oranges 3.5 Milk 6.5 WEAK ACID

Pure water 7.0 NEUTRAL

Blood 7.4 WEAK BASESea water 7.8 Ammonia (NH3) 11.0Lye (NaOH) 14 .0 STRONG BASEAcids and base at home

Citrus fruit (citric acid)

Vinegar (acetic acid)

Special cells in the stomach produce a very strong acid - hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Window cleaner (ammonium hydroxide) NH4OH

Drain (potassium hydroxide - lye) KOH

Antacids (calcium hydroxide) Ca(OH)2Neutralizes stomach acid.

Neutralization Reactions

Neutralization reaction:Mixing acid and base - they destroy each other to form a salt (ionic bond) and water.

Cl + Na NaCl + H2O

Acid + base salt + water Neutralization is A double replacement reactions.H OHAcids and bases destroy each other neutralization Neutralization is a double replacement reaction.

Products of neutralization:Water H+ of the acid plus OH- of the base. + + Acid base H OHKH2OBrH OHKBrSalt - positive ion (metal) of the base and the negative ion of the acid. salt water