BASELINE INFORMATION OF

PAPAYA CROP IN SINDH

PAKISTAN (BRPGP006-12).

DR. SAIFULLAH KHAN

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

BIOTECHNOLOGY WING

INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

H.E.J. RESEARCH INSTITUTEUNIVERSITY OF KARACHI PAKISTAN.

1

PAPAYA

Papaya cultivation spread from 320 N and S from

the equator

Currently grown in India, Hawaii island, Tropical

America, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Indonesia, South

America and Pakistan as commercial level

cultivations.

2

PAPAYA GROWING COUNTRIES

It is the fruit native to tropical America, now

commercially grown in many parts of the world.

It has emerged from the status of a home garden crop to

that of commercial orchards.

It gives one of the highest productions in terms of fruit

and net return next to banana.

In Sindh Pakistan grown in costal areas – of about 1600

ha under cultivation with annual production – 8000tonns.

3

CLASSIFICATION & BOTANY OF CROP

Botanical name - Carica papaya

Family : Caricaceae

Caricaceae consist of 4 generas and 31 species.

Carica -22

Facaratia -6

Farilla - 1

Cylicomorpha - 2

Edible fruits are only found in Carrica papaya.

2n = 18

4

BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION OF

PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.)

Kingdom Plantae – Plants

Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants

Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants

Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants

Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons

Order Violales

Family Caricaceae – Papaya family

Genus Carica L. – papaya

Species Carica papaya L. – papaya

5

PAPAYA IS A POWERHOUSE OF NUTRIENTS

Papaya is a Neutraceutical plant having a wide range

of Pharmacological Activities

Nutritive values (fresh fruit and processed forms)

Good source of β-carotene & Iron for lactating

mothers

Major sugars are Sucrose (48.3%), Glucose (29.8%)

and Fructose (21.9%)

Excellent source of Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid and

Minerals

6

NUTRITIVE VALUE (PER100GRAM EDIBLE

PORTIONS)

Water 90.8g Phosphorus 13.0mg

Energy 32.8k cal Iron 0.5mg

Protein 0.6g Carotene 666.0 µg

Fat 0.1g Thiamine 40.0 µg

Carbohydr

ates

7.2g Riboflavin 250.0 µg

Calcium 17.0mg Vit.C 57.0 g 7

LIFE OF PAPAYA

Papaya can be productive for THREE years,

Papain and yield reduces but can survive upto

age of 15-20 years and tree become too much tall.

Fruit size become small after 3 years

8

CONT….

9

COMMERCIAL VALUE

Widely used as fresh fruit and for use in drinks, Jam,

jellies, ice-cream, pies and as dried and crystallized

fruit.

Papaya is used in cosmetic industry:

White pulp of raw papaya improves pimples as well as

wrinkles.

Papaya work as good bleaching agent.

Papain is used as meat tenderizer.

10

BASELINE

The baseline is current status quo e.g. current

conventional cropping , historical agricultural or

environmental data and Risk Assessment of

specific crop from its cultivated area.

11

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

To collect baseline information about complete

production technology of papaya in the Sindh province

of Pakistan.

To collect maximum information about cultural practices

and neighboring crops including their weeds, wild

relatives.

To collect necessary information for an environmental

risk assessment of Genetically Modified Papaya may be

released into Pakistan. 12

MATERIALS & METHODS

A survey form/Questionare was designed which

contain all the necessary information

Data collected from different Papaya growing

areas as per survey form/questionare

13

SURVEY FORM/QUESTIONARE INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

H.E.J. Research Institute, University of Karachi

Basline information of Papaya Crop in Sindh, Pakistan

Survey form for the Project Garant BRPGP006-12

Date:_______________

Growers Name:__________________ Area Name:________ GPS Reading__________

How many acres cultivated Papaya: 1. 0-5 acre 2. 5-10 acres 3. 10-15 acres

4……..acres

Papaya cultivars growing: 1._________ 2._________ 3.___________ 4.___________

Source of seed: ______________________________ Cetified/Non-certified

Know about Transgenic/GM papaya: (Yes/No)

Seed sowing practice:______________________________________________________

Seedling transplantion method and spacing:_______________________________

Ratio of male and female plants/acre:________________________________________

Soil type suitable for papaya cultivation:__________Waterlogged soil________

Soil analysis: ________________Water source:________________

Water analysis: ____________________ 14

Irrigation open/drip:______________Irrigation interval:______________________

Weed types:_________________________________________________________________

Weed control: (Hoeing/weedicide):__________________________________________

Fertilizer type and interval:________________________________________________

Diseases: 1. Bacterial 2. Fungal 3. Viral

Do you consult with agriculture extension for disease control/self medication: ____________________

Insect and pest type:________________________________________________________

Which pesticides and insecticides used:____________________________________

If GM, disease resistant or not:_____________________________________________

How much loss in case of disease attack PKR:______________________________

Taste of GM papaya:________________________________________________________

Yield difference in open irrigation and Drip irrigation:____________________

Yield difference between GM and Non-GM Papaya:________________________

Income per year/acre:______________________________________________________

Expenditure on cultivation of Papaya/acre by cultural practices: __________

Expenditure on cultivation of Papaya/acre by drip irrigation practices: ________________

How do you sale Fruit in market: Ripened/un-ripened

Age of plant for first fruit: ________________Temperature: __________________

Fruit size and weight: _____________________________________________________

Whats the life of papaya plants (years): ___________________________________

Whats height of Papaya plant:_____________________________________________

Any part of plant used for any disease cure: ______________________________

15

16

17

PAPAYA CULTIVATION

Cultivars:

1) Malir (Desi)

2) Bangali

Seed Source: Self selection from fruit

Chat wala (big source)

Seed sowing Practice:

a) Blocks

b) Earthen up each plant

c) Furrows 18

ROW TO ROW & PLANT TO PLANT

DISTANCE

50

10

30

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2 feet 3 feet 4 feet 7 feet

Pla

nt

to P

lan

t D

ista

nce

Plant to Plant distance

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

3 feet 4 feet 5feet 8feet

Row to Row distance

19

Mode of Sowing

%age of Grower

20

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Blocks On Furrows Earthen up

each plant0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Malir tall Bangali

Source of Irrigation

Irrigation interval during

winter. In summer every 5 days

21

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Tube well Canal

0

20

40

60

80

10 days 15 days

Type of soil for Papaya

cultivation

Papaya Cultivated Land

22

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Clay Sandy Loam

% a

ge

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1.5

Acre

2

Acre

2.5

Acre

5

Acre

7

Acre

PAPAYA DISEASES

Weeds cleaning by

Hoeing and Spading

Ring Spot Virus &

Mealy Bug are most

prevalent problems

Fungal infection are

also observed in stem

and fruit.

23

YIELD PER ACRE AND

EXPENDITURE

Income per acre is

200-500 thousands

Expenditure per

Acre 60-90

thousands

24 Arathi pays investment for all inputs and drip irrigation

expenditures with buy back arrangement

FRUITING SEASON

October to March

Fruit Size:

a) Nehal 2-5kg

b) Sawne 1.5-2 kg

c) Daghar 0.5-1kg

25

COMMON WEEDS AND THEIR CONTROL

Cynodon dyctylon

Cyprus rotendus

Borad leaves

Ageratum conyzides

Amaranthus viridis

Boerhaevia diffusa

Euphorbia hirta

Parthenium hyselerophorus

Control: cultural control rarely use herbicides

26

PAPAYA USAGE IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

Meat tenderizer

Constipation

Against motions

Aphrodiasic

Reducing Cholesterols

Dengue Fever

27

THANK YOU 28