Base Oil Manufacture & Classification

8/12/2019 Base Oil Manufacture & Classification

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Base Oil for

Lubricants- Manufacture & classification

Hussam Adeni

[email protected]


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What are Lubricants

Lubricants

Special materials toRe uce riction

Reduce wear

In machine elements

Hussam Adeni [email protected]


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What are lubricants

Lubricants come in a variety offorms

Semi solids - grease

Even solid, at times - graphite



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What are lubricants

Lubricants are

Mineral Oils Vegetable oils

Synthetic



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What are Lubricants

Lubricant comprise of

Base oil or carrier fluid Specially formulated

additives



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What are lubricants

Finished lubricants

- a careful blend of Base Oils

And additives



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Base Oil manufacture

Overview of the process

A series of steps

Viscosity Index

Oxidation

Heat resistance Low temperature fluidity



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Base oil manufacture

Starting with crude oil, typical processof making lube oil consists of

Removal

Distillation

Dewaxing

Finishing



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Base oil manufacture

Crude oil distillation

- First the lighter ends removed

Kerosene

Solvents- Middle distillates separated

Lube base stocks



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Base Oil manufacture

- Flowchart



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Distillation Top fraction



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Base oil manufacturing

process

Lubes base stocks

- Vacuum distillation

Multi stage

required for removal of balance

- lighter ends



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Base oil manufacture -

Flowchart



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Distillation middle fraction



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Lubes base stocks

- Dewaxing- MEK Tou ene

- For Pour Point reduction



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Hydrofinishing

- Reduction with hydrogen

-

Sulphur

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Improves heat & oxidation stability



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Crude Oil composition

Composition (weight %)

Carbon 84%

Sulphur 1.5%

Others (nitrogen, Oxygen,

Metals, salts) < 2%



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Yield Base Oil

manufacturing process

Yield in percentages

Gasoline 44%

Kerosene /Jet Fuel 9%

Others ( Coke , asphalt, residualfuel oil) 25%

Lube Oil base stock 1%



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Base Oils types

Paraffinic 60%

Aromatic 12%



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Base Oil classification

Pale Oils

Lighter ends

Middle ends

Bright stock Heavy ends



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Typical base oils

Solvent neutrals

SN 70

SN 100

SN 150

SN 300

SN 350 SN 500

SN 650

SN 900Hussam Adeni [email protected]


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Typical base oils

Bright stock

BS 150



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API classifications Base Oils

American Petroleum Institute (API)

Group I, II, II+ Mineral Oils

Group III, IV, V

Synthetic Oils



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API classifications Base Oils

American Petroleum Institute (API)

Group I,

Solvent Refined base stocks nera s

Group II, II+,III Solvent refined and Hydro treated

Group IV, V

Synthetics

Polymerized olefins from petrochemicalsource



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API Base Oil

Interchange GuidelinesBase Oilcategory

Sulphur(%)

Saturates(%)

ViscosityIndex (VI)

Group I > 0.03 < 90 80 to 120


roup < . > o

Group III < 0.03 > 90 > 120

Group IV All polyalphaolefins (PAO)Group V All others not included in

Group I, II, III or IV


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What is a lubricant

Finished lubricants

- Careful blend of Base Oils

additives



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What is a lubricant

Finished lubricants

=Base Oils

+

Additives



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What are additives

Lubricant additives

- classified on theirfunctional capability

1. Enhance existing property

2. Suppress undesirable property3. Impart new property



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What are additives

1. Enhance existing property

Anti oxidant

Anti foam agent

Demulsifying agent



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What are additives

2. Suppress undesirable base oilproperty

VI improver



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What are additives

3. Impart new property

E P additive

Detergents

Dispersants

Metal deactivators

Tackiness agents



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Base oils Holly Lubricants &

Specialities Ltd



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Thank you


Base Oil Manufacture & Classification

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