Base Metal Opportunities in Western...

Geological Survey of

Base Metal Opportunities inWestern Australia

Dr Tim Griffin*Executive Director

Geological Survey of Western Australia, 2007

Dr P. B. Abeysinghe (Abey)Senior Geologist

2

Western Australia

Production and exploration growth in Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni due the buoyant market conditions

Base metal exploration is booming with more than doubling of annual exploration expenditure in 2005/06

New mines opening and enthusiasm for new and old projects across WA (Magellan Pb, Jaguar Zn, Whundo Cu, Telfer Au Cu, Flying Fox Ni, Ravensthorpe Ni, Prospero Ni)

Large area, diverse geological environments and mineralization models for base metals

3

Western Australia

Copper (Cu)

Lead (Pb)

Zinc (Zn)

4

Cu-Pb-ZnProduction 2005

Copper (Cu)Telfer, Newcrest Mining Ltd (Au Cu) 43,173 t Cu 2005

Nifty, Aditya Birla Group 16,800 t Cu 2005

Whim Creek, Straits Resources Ltd 8,746 t Cu 2005

Golden Grove (see below) 21,222 t Cu 2005By-product from Ni sulphide mining Kambalda district, Cosmos, Emily Ann, Radio Hill, Sally Malay

Lead (Pb)Magellan, Ivernia (Pb) 31,300 t Pb 2005

Golden Grove (see below) 6,393 t Pb 2005Zinc (Zn)

Golden Grove, Oxiana Ltd (Zn Cu Pb) 63,606 t Zn 2005 (21,222 t Cu; 6,393 t Pb; 24,693 oz Au; 1,829,406 oz Ag)

5

Cu-Pb-ZnResources 2006Copper (Cu)

Telfer, Newcrest Mining Ltd (Au Cu) Proved 150 Mt at 1.1 g/t Au, 0.1% Cu; Probable 240 Mt at 1.5 g/t Au, 0.18%CuMeasured 140 Mt at 1.2 g/t Au, 0.11% Cu; Indicated 250 Mt at 1.8 g/t Au, 0.2% Cu; Inferred 110 Mt at 1.3 g/t Au, 0.15% Cu

Nifty, Aditya Birla GroupMeasured and Indicated resource of the primary and leachable ore is 41.5 Mt at 2.7% Cu

Whim Creek, Straits Resources LtdMeasured 9 Mt at 0.9% Cu; Indicated 3.7 Mt at 0.7% Cu, and Inferred 1.7 Mt at 0.6% Cu

By-product from Ni sulphide mining Kambalda district, Cosmos, Emily Ann, Radio Hill, Sally Malay

Lead (Pb)Abra, Abra Mining Ltd

Lead Domain: Inferred resource 50.3 Mt at 4% Pb, 0.2% Zn, 0.1% Cu, and 10 g/t AgCopper-Gold Domain: 9.8 Mt at 0.2% Pb, 0.6% Cu, 0.5 g/t Au, and 2 g/t Ag

Magellan, IverniaMeasured and Indicated 21.4 Mt at 5.8% Pb; Inferred 7.2 Mt at 4.6% Pb

Zinc (Zn)Golden Grove, Oxiana Ltd (Zn Cu Au)

Zinc: Measured and indicated; 3.27 Mt at 14.9% Zn, 0.3% Cu, 1.9% Pb, 2.1 g/t Au, and 120.4 g/t Ag; inferred 2.67 Mt at 15.4% Zn, 0.4% Cu, 2.4% Pb, 2.4 g/t Au, and 116.8 g/t Ag Copper: Measured and indicated; 8.03 Mt at 3% Cu, 0.1% Zn, 0.2 g/t Au, and 7.3 g/t Ag; inferred resource of 0.85 Mt at 3.6% Cu, 0.2% Zn, 0.1% Pb, 0.4 g/t Au, and 27.5 g/t AgGold: Measured and indicated; 1.04 Mt at 3.1 g/t Au and 94 g/t Ag; inferred resource of 0.19 Mt at 4.6 g/t Au, 105.2 g/t Ag

6

Cu-Pb-Zn Under development or feasibility study

Copper (Cu)West Whundo (Cu, Zn, Ag)

Fox Resources LtdBoddington (Au, Cu)

Newmont Australia Ltd, Anglo Gold LtdPanorama - Sulphur Springs (Cu)

CBH Resources LtdPhillips River (Au, Cu)

Tectonic Resources NLSpinifex Ridge (Mo, Cu)

Moly Mines Ltd and Kallenia Mines Pty Ltd

Zinc (Zn)Jaguar (Zn Cu Pb Ag)

Jabiru Metals Ltd Admiral Bay

Kagara Zinc Ltd (Zn Pb Ag)Sorby Hills

CBH Resources Ltd (Zn Pb)Lennard Shelf – Pillara

Teck Cominco Ltd (Zn Pb)

7

Cu-Pb-ZnExploration successes

Copper (Cu)Maroochydore (Cu)

50:50 by Aditya Birla Group and Murchison United NLSpinifex Ridge (Mo, Cu)

Moly Mines Ltd and Kallenia Mines Pty LtdKoongie Park (Cu)

Anglo Australian Resources NLBabel (Ni, Cu)

BHPB (potential resource of 1Mt Ni, 1Mt Cu)

Lead (Pb)Abra (Pb, Cu, Ba, Fe, Au, Ag)

Abra Mining Ltd

Zinc (Zn)Ayshia near Whundo (Zn, Cu)

Fox Resources LtdTeutonic Bore (Zn, Cu)

Jabiru Metals Ltd

Exploration expenditure $23.4 M 2005/06

Top ten copper, lead and zinc in Western Australia

Lamboo

Abra

0 250 500 750 1000

Contained Zn (kt)

Lennard Shelf

Koongie Park

Teutonic Bore

Sorby Hilss

Lennons Find

Prairie Downs

Abra

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500Contained Pb (kt)

Magellan

Sorby Hills

Golden Grove

Phillips River

Koongie Park

Lennard Shelf

Napier Range

Sulphur Springs

Lennons FindMt Angelo

Nifty

Telfer

Abra

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Contained Cu (kt)

Maroochydore

Spinifex Ridge

Golden Grove

Sulphur Springs

Whim Creek

Boddington Golden Grove

Sulphur Springs

COPPER LEAD ZINC

Top ten copper, lead, and zinc projects in Western Australia

9

Cu-Pb-ZnMineralization styles

Archean VMS deposits Yilgarn Craton (e.g. Golden Grove and Jaguar)

Mississippi Valley Type sediment-(carbonate) hosted depositsCanning Basin (e.g. Admiral Bay)Lennard Shelf (e.g. Pillara)

Stratabound volcanic-hosted massive sulfide depositsHalls Creek Orogen (e.g. Koongie Park)

Stratabound sediment-hosted deposits depositsEdmund Basin (e.g. Abra)Yerrida Basin (e.g. Magellan)

Vein and hydrothermal depositsPaterson Orogen (e.g. Telfer)

Orthomagmatic mafic and ultramafic depositsYilgarn Craton (e.g. Kambalda)

Deposits associated with porphyry systemsHalls Creek Orogen (e.g. Mt Angelo)

11

Western Australia

Nickel (Ni)

12

NiProduction 2005

Project Operator Nickel (tonnes) Mineralization Leinster BHP Billiton Ltd 41 796 Sulfide MountKeith BHP Billiton Ltd 38 100 Sulfide Emily Ann LionOre Mining International Ltd 12 099 Sulfide Cosmos Jubilee Mines NL 10 334 Sulfide Long Independence Group NL 8 757 Sulfide Silver Swan MPI Mines Ltd 6 613 Sulfide Miitel Mincor Resources NL 6 570 Sulfide Sally Malay Sally Malay Mining Ltd 6 542 Sulfide Beta Hunt Consolidated Minerals Ltd 3 836 Sulfide Redross Mincor Resources NL 3 269 Sulfide Radio Hill Fox Resources Ltd 2 263 Sulfide Carnilya+Zone 29 View Resources Ltd 1 995 Sulfide RAV8 Tectonic Resources NL 1 657 Sulfide Blair (Area 57 orebody) Australian Mines Ltd 1 369 Sulfide Wannaway Mincor Resources NL 700 Sulfide Murrin Murrin Minara Resources Ltd 27 783 Laterite Cawse Norilsk Nickel OJSC MMC 5 200 Laterite Total - nickel sulfide 145 900 Total - nickel laterite 32 983 Total - Western Australia 178 883

13

NiProduction, New Mines

Kambalda-Kalgoorlie regionNickel Sulfide:

Miitel, Wannaway, Redross, Mariners, Mincor Resources NLSilver Swan, LionOre Mining International LtdBeta Hunt, Consolidated Minerals LtdBlair, Australian Mines Ltd (Ni, Cu)Long, Independence GroupLanfranchi, Helmut South, Sally Malay Mining Ltd (Ni)

Nickel Laterite: Cawse, OMG

14

NiProduction, New Mines

Northern Eastern GoldfieldsNickel Sulfide: Cosmos, Jubilee Mines NL;

Mt Keith and Leinster, BHPBNickel Laterite: Murrin Murrin, Minara Resources Ltd

Lake Johnston regionNickel Sulfide: Emily Ann, LionOre Mining International Ltd

Maggie Hays, LionOre Mining (Ni, Cu)Forrestania region

Nickel Sulfide: Flying Fox, Western Areas NLHalls Creek region

Nickel Sulfide: Sally Malay, Sally Malay Mining Ltd (Ni, Cu, Co)Pilbara region

Nickel Sulfide: Radio Hill, Fox Resources Ltd (Ni Cu Co)Southern Yilgarn

Laterite: Ravensthorpe Nickel Laterite Operation, BHPB

15

Ni Under development or feasibility study

South Central YilgarnRavensthorpe Nickel Laterite Operation, BHPB

Kambalda regionArmstrong, Central Widgiemooltha, Consolidated MineralsKalgoorlie Nickel Laterite, CVRD INCO, Heron Resources LtdAvalon (Bulong) Laterite, LionOre Mining International Ltd

Northern Eastern GoldfieldsProspero, Tapinos near Cosmos, Jubilee Mines NLCliffs and Yakabindi, BHPBHoneymoon Well, LionOre Mining International Ltd, OMG Inc,

Halls Creek regionCopernicus, Sally Malay Mining Ltd

Pilbara regionSherlock Bay, Australian Resources Ltd, Davenport Pty LtdMt Scholl Nickel, Fox ResourcesLtd

Western Australian nickel mines, 2006

Km0 250 500

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Archean rocks

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LEINSTERCOSMOS

SILVER SWAN

SALLY MALAY

YilgarnCraton

PilbaraCraton

Halls CreekOrogen

RADIO HILL

EMILY ANN

MURRIN MURRIN

CAWSE

WANNAWAYMIITELMARINERSREDROSS

BLAIRCARNILYA HILLLONGCORONETMCCLOYBETA HUNT

FLYING FOX

17

NiRecent exploration success

Kambalda district - Junior companies exploring and developing nickel sulfide depositsMcLeay ( 0.344 Mt at 6.9% N), near Victor South, Independence Group NLNorth Miitel, South Miitel, Mincor ResourcesE.g. Pioneer Nickel, Australian Mines, Oroya Mining, Jupiter Mines, Images Resources, Barra Resources

PilbaraRuth Well, Consolidated Minerals, Fox ResourcesDalton, Giralia Resources, Haoma Mining

Northern Eastern GoldfieldsNickel sulfide at Collurabbie, BHPBTapinos, Anomaly 1, Alec Mairs (near Cosmos), Sinclair; Jubilee Mines NLWiluna, Argincourt Resources Ltd

Forrestania – T5, T5 South, $2, T Zero North at Flying Fox, Western Areas NLKimberley –Copernicus North, Sally Malay, Thundelarra ExplorationUse of deep penetrating EM effectively explores depths of 150–500 m

Exploration expenditure $114.9M (2005/06)

Ranking of Western Australian deposits by contained Ni

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Yilgarn Craton

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Capricorn Orogen

Western Australian nickel mines, deposits and prospect/exploration sites, 2006

21

Ni Exploration Targets

Orthomagmatic - komatiitesKambalda district (Ni, Cu)Northeastern Goldfields – Mt Keith, Leinster, Collurabbie (Ni, Cu, PGM)Forrestania district

Orthomagmatic - mafic and ultramafic intrusions (similar to Voisey’s Bay)Radio Hill (Pilbara Craton)Musgrave (Musgrave Complex)Sally Malay (Halls Creek Orogen)

Orthomagmatic - mafic and ultramafic intrusions in shear zonesPilbara Craton: Sherlock Bay and Worthy-Highway deposits, Sholl and Tabba Tabba Shear zonesHalls Creek Orogen, Albany Fraser Orogen, Paterson Orogen

Orthomagmatic - mafic hosted in large igneous provinces (LIP) (similar to Noril’skstyle)

Pilbara Craton: Sherlock Bay and Worthy-Highway deposits, Sholl and Tabba Tabba Shear zonesHalls Creek Orogen, Albany Fraser Orogen, Paterson Orogen

Laterite deposits Murrin Murrin (Ni, Co), Ravensthorpe (Ni, Co), Kalgoorlie region (Ni), Wingellina (Ni, Co)

22

Cu-Pb-ZnConclusions

World demand for Cu-Pb-Zn continues to increase

Increased base metal activities in Western Australia with opening of Whim Creek, Jaguar, and Magellan mines

Work continues on Lennard Shelf and expansions planned in Nifty

Telfer (Au–Cu) reopened, Boddington (Au–Cu), Sulphur Springs (Cu) to start production

Cu–Pb–Zn exploration recovering - unrealistically low considering potential

Potential for Cu-Pb-Zn discoveries– size of WA, geological diversityYilgarn Craton

Pilbara Craton

Albany–Fraser Orogen

King Leopold and Halls Creek Orogens

Earaheedy, Edmund Basins (Caricorn Orogen)

Canning Basin

23

NiConclusions

Western Australia - third largest producer of nickel in the world

Large resource base attracting major players – INCO, BHPB and NORILSK

Great success stories for small explorers

Small miners becoming mid-tier companies

New greenfield provincesBabel in Musgrave ComplexCollurabbie in Gerry Well greenstone belt

Outlook - additional nickel production from nickel laterite - BHPB’sRavensthorpe and INCO/Heron’s Kalgoorlie Project

Enormous large igneous provinces (LIPs) in Kimberley, Capricorn Orogenunder explored

24

NIFTY

Aeromagnetics -North Paterson Orogen


1:100 000 mappingGascoyne Complex, Bangemall Supergroup


I:100 000 scale mapping Gascoyne Complex – Bangemall Supergroup

27

Mineral occurrences in the Kimberley

Lamboo Complex- Precious metal

- Base metal

- Speciality metal

- Diamond, semi-precious stone

- Energy mineral

- Industrial mineral

- Iron

- Construction material

Sally Malay

Lennard Shelf

Pillara

28

Yangibana

Brockman

John Galt

Mt Weld(under development)

Cummins Range

CundeeleePerth

Rare Earth projects WA

29

REE Projects WAMt Weld Carbonatite plug Lynas Corp Ltd - 18yr mine life -

processing in China

Cundeelee

Mulga Rock

Cummins Range

Brockman

John Galt

Yangibana

Carbonatiteaffinities

M.R. Dalla-Costa (pending) - buried by 350m Permian

Lignite hosted U, Sc

Eaglefield Holdings P/LUranium Equities Ltd

Carbonatite Navigator Resources Ltd

Trachytic ash-flow tuff

ABM Resources NL (pending)(formerly Tantalum Aust P/L)

Pegamatite -xenotime

AJ Exploration Geology P/L(pending)

Carbonatite dykes Vistarise LtdAztec Resources Ltd (pending)

30

LegendW (Mo)

Au - Sb

Pb - Zn - Sb

Sb

Antimony and tungstenWestern Australia

Perth

Broome

Carnarvon

0 500

Kilometres

31

LegendW (Mo)

Au - Sb

Pb - Zn - Sb

Sb

Carnarvon

Karratha

O’CallaghansNullagine

CookesCreek

Friendly Creek

Balla Balla

Eastern Hills

Mount Alexander

PilbaraCraton

Officer Basin

Paterson Orogen

YilgarnCraton

Gascoyne Complex

Capricorn Orogen

0 200Kilometres

Sb and W Pilbara – Gascoyne –Paterson - Capricorn

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Sb and WYilgarn Craton

LegendW (Mo)

Au - Sb

Pb - Zn - Sb

Sb

Perth

Noongal

Callie Springs

Wiluna

Mount Gibson

PaynesFind

Norseman

Westonia

Mount Mulgine

Coolgardie

Davyhurst

Erlistoun

Burtville

0 200Kilometres

33

Western Australia

Geological diverse and large size WA - provides great opportunities in base metals exploration and mining

On-going programs to collect and distribute new geoscience information

Wide ranging opportunities join fledgling, mid size or mature projectsinitiate new projects

Visit our website www.doir.wa.gov.au/gswaGeoviewMinedex

Visit websites e.g. www.intierra.com.auLarge number of projects in WA

34

Nickel and Cu Pb Zn properties in WAFrom Intierra – Minmet web site

Operating 29 15

Construction 3 3

Feasibility 12 9

Pre-feasibility 11 3

Advanced exploration 59 32

Exploration 273 194

Property status Ni Cu Pb Zn

35

Thankyou

Questions

Western AustraliaGeological Survey of

www.doir.wa.gov.au/gswa

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