BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a...

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BASAL METAZOANS

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Transcript of BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a...

Page 1: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

BASAL METAZOANS

Page 2: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon.

A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground pattern, or bodyplan, is "an assemblage of morphological features shared among many members of a phylum-level group"

Page 3: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

Look at 4 groups

1. Placozoa

2. Cnidaria

3. Ctenophora

4. Platyhelminthes

Page 4: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLACOZOA

Page 5: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLACOZOA

Distribution

Page 6: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLACOZOA

1) Asymmetric.

2) No distinct tissues or organs.

3) No nervous system.

4) No body cavity or digestive cavity.

5) Body is shaped like a flat disc.

6) Two layers of single cells.

7) Marine.

8) One species only known Trichoplax adhaerens

Characteristics of Placozoa

Page 7: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLACOZOA

Cover cells

Cylinder cells

Gland cells

Fibre cells

Page 8: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLACOZOA

Placozoan movement

Feeding -

http://tolweb.org/onlinecontributors/app?service=external/ViewImageData&sp=35907
Page 9: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLACOZOA

Reproduction

1. Binary fission

2. Budding

3. Sexual

Page 10: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLACOZOA

Reproduction

1. Binary fission

2. Budding

3. Sexual

“hollow swarmer”

Page 11: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLACOZOA

Reproduction

1. Binary fission

2. Budding

3. Sexual

“hollow swarmer”

Page 12: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLACOZOA

Reproduction

1. Binary fission

2. Budding

3. Sexual

Page 13: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLACOZOA

Reproduction

1. Binary fission

2. Budding

3. Sexual

oocyte

yolk

zygote

Fertilization membrane

Page 14: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CNIDARIA

ANTHOZOA

CUBOZOA

HYDROZOASCYPHOZOA

Page 15: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

Diploblasty

Gastroderm

Ectoderm

Mesoglea

Page 16: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CNIDARIA

Feeding

Page 17: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CNIDARIA - EMBRYOLOGY

Stereogastrula

Radial and holoblastic cleavage

Page 18: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CNIDARIA – PLANULA LARVA

Ectoderm

Endoderm

Page 19: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CTENOPHORA – COMB JELLIES

Page 20: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CTENOPHORA – BIRADIAL SYMMETRY

Page 21: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

Tentacle

Statocyst

Tentacle sheath

Meridional canal

Stomadeum

Pharynx

Mouth

Anal pore

CTENOPHORA

Page 22: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

Muscle fibres

CTENOPHORA TENTACLE

Page 23: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

Ctenophora video

CTENOPHORA – SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION

Locomotion

- Comb rows

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW3sqB7RTIc
Page 24: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CTENOPHORA FEEDING - COLLOBLASTS

Page 25: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CTENOPHORE - STATOLITHS

- Balancing organ

Statocyst

Page 26: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CTENOPHORA – REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

Page 27: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CTENOPHORA – REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Form blastomeres – meridional cleavage

2. Third division – 8 macromeres

3. Fourth division – latitudinal and unequal - micromeres

5. Macromeres invaginate (gastrulation)-micromeres become ectoderm-macromeres become endoderm

6. Just before gastrulation –- Produce additional micromeres on oral side – invaginate to form stomatodeum4. Micromeres divide and spread over

aboral pole and macromeres

Page 28: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

Cleavage in PleurobranchiaCleavage in Beroe

http://gvondassow.com/Research_Site/Video_-_Pleurobrachia.html
http://gvondassow.com/Research_Site/Video_-_Beroe_cleavage_and_gastrulation.html
Page 29: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

CTENOPHORA LARVAE

Page 30: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

COMPARISON OF CNIDARIA AND CTENOPHORE

CNIDARIA CTENOPHORA

Diploblastic with acellular mesoglea Diploblastic (triploblastic?) with cellular mesenchyme

Radial symmetry Biradial symmetry ; oral/aboral axes

Nematocysts Colloblasts

Gastrovascular body cavity Gastrovascular body cavity

Nerve net More specialized nerve net

Musculature – extensions of epithelial cells Musculature – from mesenchyme cells

Alternation of generations No alternation of generations

Planula larva Cydippid larva

Page 31: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLATYHELMINTHES

Who are they?

Turbellaria(flatworms)

Trematoda (flukes)

Monogenea (flukes)

Cestoda (tapeworms

Page 32: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLATYHELMINTHES

Common trends

1. Triploblastic acoelomates

2. Cephalization and central nervous system

3. Mesoderm – fibrous and muscular mesenchyme

4. Osmoregulatory structure - protonephridia

5. Elaborate reproductive systems

Page 33: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

PLATYHELMINTHES

Limiting factors

l. Lack of efficient circulatory system

2. Lack of gas exchange system

Page 34: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

TRIPLOBLASTY

Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

Page 35: BASAL METAZOANS. Bauplan (pl. Baupläne) The generalized body plan of an archetypal member of a major taxon. A body plan, baupläne, ground plan, ground.

TURBELLARIA – MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS


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