BAs, Language And Lego
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Transcript of BAs, Language And Lego
Management & Technology
BA L d LBAs, Language and LegoAn introduction to semantic analysis
Matthew HodgsonACT Regional-lead, Web and Information Managementg , gSMS Management & Technology
BA World Symposium, July 2008
Podcasts and Slideshare
www.slideshare.net/magia3e
BA tools for understanding processesg p
The problemp
Processes:• Embedded as part of corporate knowledge (not explicit)• Not documented, inaccurate or poorly designed
Users:• Don’t understand their business processes• Can’t articulate what they do or how they do it
Process outputs:• Typically highly varied in type and structure• Typically highly varied in style and consistencyyp y g y y y
Information: we all think differently …
We all write differently …y
Jeffrey Veen on analysing contenty y g
“a mind-numbingly detailed g yodyssey...
…this process…is a relatively straightforward process of clicking through … and clicking through … and recording what you find.”
Source: http://www.adaptivepath.com/ideas/essays/archives/000040.php
Analysing processes and content …y g p
Process overview – first take Medical restrictions text
F t t b ilt i W d d h d ft d (* *)• Free-text built in Word and hand-crafted (*grrr*)• Varied consistency within and between texts• Highly complex sentence structures – pseudo-legaleseHighly complex sentence structures pseudo legalese• Style reflects the author rather than
the meaning in the communication
Content needed for re-use• Content output was needed for reuse by others• Content output was needed for reuse by others• Multiple audiences• Multiple purposes for re-usep p p
Please improve existing process• Codification (after authoring) takes too long• Need to reduce timeframes!
The task: analyse, uncover process, develop system supportdevelop system support
Concept 1Concept 1
Concept 2Concept 3
Concept 5
Concept 4 Concept 5
p
determinerconjunctionverb adjective
all language has structuresemantics
all language has structure
Linguisticsga whole discipline devoted to theobject …a whole discipline devoted to the
study of language… subjectj
sentence str ct repreposition
sentence structure
noun
Linguistics and semanticsg
Semantics, the study of:• Meaning at the levels of words, phrases, sentences
and even whole textsand even whole texts• Relations between different linguistic units
M d lli f i i t f th l i • Modelling of meaning in terms of the logic
Has parallels with:• Computer science - semantics reflects the meaning • Computer science - semantics reflects the meaning
of programs or functions P h l f i d b d • Psychology - memory for meaning and remembered experience
“You’re joking!?”j g
The approachpp
Analyse semantics of contenty• There is a predicable structure
It’ ll j t L ™ b ildi bl k ( b • It’s all just Lego™ building blocks (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc)
• Implied meaning can be made overt
New tools for BAs to play with!p y• Understand semantics, the structure of sentences,
and you can analyse categorise and codify English!and you can analyse, categorise and codify English!
Language as Lego™g g g
Building blocksg• Subject (S)
V b (V)• Verb (V)• Object (O)j ( )
Order of blocks• Differs depending on the languageDiffers depending on the language
Order from chaos
SVO languagesg g• English, French, Chinese, Bulgarian, SwahiliSOVSOV• Japanese, Turkish, Koreanp , ,VSO• Classical Arabic, Celtic and HawaiianVOSVOS• Fijian, Yoda’s amusing phrases
Subjects, verbs and objectsj , j
Sometimes, though, the SVO structure is hidden:• “The Lego is red” or• “Those Lego bricks are [some] red Lego bricks” ?
Uncovering the hidden structure helps to differentiate between the subject and the object and identify the whoand what
Lego trees…g
Semantic analysisy
Medical restrictions wording:g
R t i t d b fitRestricted benefitGastro-oesophageal reflux disease; Scleroderma oesophagus;
Authority requiredPeptic ulcer
Semantic analysis (cont.)y ( )
Actual sentence• Peptic ulcer
Implied sentencep• The prescription of medicine is restricted to the
initial treatment of patients with peptic ulcerinitial treatment of patients with peptic ulcer
Semantic structure of ‘peptic ulcer’ulcer
Semantic analysis (cont.)y ( )
Actual sentence• Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; Scleroderma
oesophagus;oesophagus;
Implied sentenceThe prescription of medicine is restricted to the • The prescription of medicine is restricted to the initial treatment of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or scleroderma oesophagus
WHOTREATED?
ted
Obj
ect
Sub
ject
Ver
b
WHATCONDITION?
ACTIONREQUIRED
Con
ditio
n be
ing
treat
Pra
ctic
al a
spec
ts
ptor
s ro
up)
scrip
tors
seve
rity
treatment of patientsinitialIn
itial
or
cont
inui
ng70 year old formthe prescription of medicine is restricted to the
femalecontinuing
Patie
nt d
escr
i(p
opul
atio
n/g r
details of doctorrecord
signpeptic ulcerwith
Mea
sure
s/de
sof
Con
ditio
n s
(AD
J)
mother
pregnant
other ADJ
male daterecord
advanced psoriasis
tumorwith malignant
scleroderma oesphaguswith
with
completeAuthority
action sheet
includewhole body
area diagrams
treat for period of time
receiving dBMARD treatmentpreviously PBS-
subsidised
PBS dBMARD
treated immunologistclinical
with nausea and vomiting
with chronic pain
chemotherapycytotoxicnot receiving by
provide historypreivous
prescribe repeatsnumber
with seizurespartial
hormone dependent metastatic
cancerwith breast
contact Medicare
obtain Authority number
PBS
subs
idis
ed
receiving PBS-subsidised
dBMARD treatment
Lim
itatio
n of
Pres
crib
ing
to a
spe
cific
spec
ialis
t gro
up
receiving A 5HT3 antagonist
radiotherapyreceiving treated dermatologist
ADJ
NOUN
by
KEY
not previously
receiving treatment2 years
incomplete resolution
ADJ/PP
of
surgeryhaving
not toresponding anelgesicsADJ
NOUN
PREP
VERBnot to other
anti-epileptic drugs
p
no indication of
responding
unable take of topiramatesolid form
Exis
ting
treat
men
t de
scrip
tors
of
pop
ulat
ion
“Who Treated” semantic modelSex
Male
Female
All
Ethnicity [ETHNICITY]
Pregnant
Breastfeeding
[ADJECTIVE]
[NUMBER]Over
[DRUG]
[TREATMENT]
Diet
Surgery [TYPE]
[THERAPY]
Hours
Days
Weeks
Months
Years
Vocation Veteran
Entitlement [?]
[LIST]
[LIST]
Veteran
That meet a specific definition/criteria as set out in [LIST of references]
General schedule of Lipid-lowering Drugs
[NUMBER]Over
Under
Exactly
Between
At least
Diet
Exercise
Age
PBS subsidised
PBS non-subsidised
General schedule of Lipid lowering Drugs
and
Treatments
Within timeframe of
Over a period of
Treatment with
Treatment of
Initiation
Stabilisation
In conjunction with
Not in conjunction with
Starts new prepositional-phrase in the same text-block
Patient Group
[mg ...etc]
At a dose of
Weekly
Daily
Monthly
Fortnightly
Hourly?
Co-administered with
Treatment for
Initial
Continuing
Maintenance
Effective
Ineffective
Inappropriate
j
Following
Preceeding
Received
Has not received
Not responding
Responding
Failed to qualify for
Can not receive
Starts new prepositional-phrase in the same text-block
Starts new prepositional-phrase
in the same text-block
y
YearlyTrials
q y
Qualified for
Not indicated
Indicated
Has had
Has not had
Can have
Can not have
Diagnosis
Documented history
[CLINICIAN] Requiring special expertise in
Requiring no special expertise
[EXPERTISE]
[SEVERITY] [CONDITION]
Treated by
Diagnosis confirmed by
=
Evidence of
[DISORDER]
As measured by?
As evidenced byStarts new
prepositional-phrase in the same text-
block
[MEASURED AS]?
[DEFINED BY]
Disease progression
Disease regression
[PROCEDURE]
in
[DISORDER]
Symptoms?
Clinical findings
“Authority Action” semantic modelyInitial
Subsequent
Ongoing In writing
By telephone
Electronically
Remaining
To [AUTHORITY]
Medicare
...etc...
Therapy
Supply
In writing
By telephoneInitial
Subsequent
Ongoing
Treatment Electronically
Remaining
To [AUTHORITY]
Medicare
...etc...
Authority Action
Repeats[AMOUNT]
To complete
(allow) Maximum
(allow) Minimum
[TIME]
days
weeks
months
Therapy
Supply[AMOUNT] Initial
Subsequent
Ongoing
Treatment
Remaining
[TIMEFRAME]
Starts new prepositional-phrase
in the same text-block
months
Repeats[AMOUNT]
Followed by By telephone Within timeframe of [TIME]
Remaining
Followed by
In writing
By telephone Within timeframe of [TIME]
days
weeks
months
ElectronicallyStarts new prepositional-phrase
in the same text-block
In writing
By telephone
Electronically
Initial
Subsequent
Ongoing
Remaining
Where approval To [AUTHORITY]
Medicare
...etc...
Repeats[AMOUNT]
Starts new prepositional-phrase
in the same text-block
Process overview
How did the ‘trees’ help?p
Inferred• How people think about and structure content
Described• Business processes that produce content
Identified process improvement• Where content quality is poor so it can be improved
Requirements elicitation• Critical components of the sentence for codificationp• Systems to help bring some structure to content authoring
How can I do this stuff too?! (a side‐step)
Theory is importanty p• An understanding of semantics - sentence trees
and grammarand grammar• Text books by authors like Fromkin and Rodman
can help through the tricky bits
Need good tools• Connexor• Big sheets of paper (and an electronic whiteboard)• Big sheets of paper (and an electronic whiteboard)• Visio (not PowerPoint!)
Demo
Connexor• www.connexor.eu/technology/machinese/demo/
Connexor
Connexor – machine taggergg
Connexor – machine syntaxy
Next steps – solutions architecturepHow could you build a system to reinforce the process?• Give people Lego™ to build sentences• Give people Lego™ to build sentences• Build a prototype to explore and demonstrate conceptual design
Communicate• Talk about ideas with business owners
E l ibiliti ith d• Explore possibilities with end-users• Build-in ‘no surprises’ into change management
Iterate• Iterate and refine concepts and design before it was built
Inform• Developers of intent and requirementsDevelopers of intent and requirements• The building of an ‘tool’ for codifying content (hooray for Axure!)
Context diagramg
Methodologygy
ISO13407: User-centred designg
Identify need for human-centred
design
Understand and specify thespecify the
context of use
Specify the user and
organisational requirements
Evaluate designs against
requirements
System satisfies specified user and
organisational requirements
Produce designProduce design solutions
ApproachppJesse James Garrett’s “Elements of User-experience”
Lego™ as the design conceptg g p
Prototyping a toolyp g
• An Axure demo
Summing upg p
Semantic analysis can …
Uncover:• Hidden business logic and processes
Help with:• Requirements for system support for processesq y pp p• Solutions design
Inform processes improvement:• Raise awareness of process inefficienciesp• Enhancing quality of information
Summing up (cont)g p ( )
Semantic analysis is good to use for …
Validating analysis:g y• An independent method of checking information process
and categories
FiManagement & Technology
Fin
Questions?
Management & Technology
BAs, Language and Lego, g g g
An introduction to semantic analysis
Management & Technology
Matthew HodgsonACT Regional-lead, Web and Information ManagementACT Regional lead, Web and Information Management
SMS Management & Technology
Blog: magia3e.wordpress.comg g pTwitter: magia3e
Slideshare: www.slideshare.net/magia3eSlideshare: www.slideshare.net/magia3e
Email: [email protected]: [email protected]: 0404 006695