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United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service
Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA
March 2018
Barley Prices Fail to Curb China’s Demand
China’s resurgent demand and lower global barley production are driving prices to their highest point in nearly 3 years. Demand has particularly surged in the Chinese province of Guangdong (the origin for half of China’s imports) where imported barley is used as a profitable energy component relative to other feedstuffs. Robust malting demand in interior provinces has also contributed to resilient imports. In addition to China, Saudi Arabia’s relatively inelastic demand and the lowest projected global stocks in more than 30 years are also driving prices upward. Saudi Arabia, typically the world’s largest barley importer, is expected to continue its strong presence by accounting for nearly a third of world imports this year. China’s imports began to surge at the start of 2017/18 with low global prices, as a record Australian barley crop drove prices downward (see last year’s report here). The combination of Australia’s record 2016/17 crop and a free trade agreement with China (effective December 2015) made the feedstuff a lucrative import. Since that period, however, Western Australia’s March FOB prices for barley have surged almost $80/ton (while wheat climbed $50/ton). Ever so, China’s imports are raised this month as its demand has shown little signs of waning but are still forecast lower than last year amid tighter global supplies. As a result of robust global demand and lower world production, ending stocks in all major exporting countries are projected down by year’s end. Current projections have global stocks down more than a third compared to 2 years ago. China’s resurging presence has greatly influenced barley prices since last year, even as they fail to deter its robust imports.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
World Markets and Trade: Commentary and Current Data Wheat ................................................................................................................. 4
Rice .................................................................................................................. 10
Coarse Grains ................................................................................................... 16
Historical Data Series for Selected Regions and Countries ............................ 36
Endnotes to Grain: World Markets and Trade ............................................... 55
The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD)
database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply
and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:15 p.m.
To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database
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Click the plus sign [+] next to Grains.
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Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
All Grain Summary Comparison
Million Metric Tons
Marketing Year
Wheat Rice, Milled Corn
2017/182016/172015/162017/182016/172015/162017/182016/172015/16
Production
United States (Jun-May) 56.1 62.8 47.4 6.1 7.1 5.7 345.5 384.8 371.0
Other 679.1 687.7 711.4 466.8 479.1 480.6 628.0 690.4 670.7
World Total 735.2 750.5 758.8 472.9 486.2 486.3 973.5 1,075.2 1,041.7
Domestic Consumption
United States (Jun-May) 31.9 31.8 30.4 3.6 4.2 3.8 298.8 313.9 319.9
Other 677.1 703.5 711.8 462.5 472.1 476.0 688.9 720.4 746.2
World Total 709.0 735.3 742.2 466.1 476.3 479.8 987.7 1,034.3 1,066.1
Ending Stocks
United States (Jun-May) 26.6 32.1 28.1 1.5 1.5 0.9 44.1 58.3 54.0
Other 214.9 220.5 240.8 131.2 135.8 142.2 170.9 173.6 145.2
World Total 241.5 252.6 268.9 132.7 137.3 143.1 215.0 231.9 199.2
TY Imports
United States (Jun-May) 3.1 3.3 4.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.5 1.3
Other 165.6 175.9 177.6 36.8 43.8 43.9 136.6 138.1 147.4
World Total 168.7 179.2 181.8 37.6 44.6 44.7 138.4 139.6 148.7
TY Exports
United States (Jun-May) 21.8 29.5 24.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 51.2 55.5 56.0
Other 150.2 152.7 159.9 36.8 44.3 44.6 93.7 86.2 95.6
World Total 172.0 182.2 184.4 40.2 47.7 47.9 144.9 141.7 151.6
Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and
exports and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere.Marketing years for U.S. grains are:
Wheat (Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat
only.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
4
WHEAT: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE OVERVIEW For 2017/18, record global production is little changed this month. Global trade, already at a record, is forecast up from last month. Imports are forecast up for Bangladesh, Kenya, Turkey, and Vietnam, more than offsetting cuts for India and South Korea. Higher exports for Argentina, Pakistan, Russia, and Ukraine more than offset lower forecasts for the European Union and the United States. The U.S. season-average farm price is raised $0.05 to $4.65 per bushel. PRICES
Domestic: Overall, most U.S. wheat prices rose during February on concerns of drought conditions in Hard Red Winter (HRW) areas. These stronger prices make U.S. wheat less competitive globally in light of fierce export competition from Argentina and Russia. HRW jumped $15/ton to $255, while Soft Red Winter (SRW) surged $19/ton to $213. Soft White Wheat (SWW) gained $14/ton to $217. Conversely, Hard Red Spring (HRS) remained unchanged at $278/ton, with a sharply lower premium over HRW. Contributing to the relative weakness of the HRS price is the expectation of more planted area of this class in 2018/19. The price spread between HRS and HRW has changed dramatically during the current year, after reaching more than $100/ton in July 2017 when drought in the Northern Plains severely impacted the HRS crop. As weather concerns have shifted from spring wheat areas to winter wheat areas, the price spread has narrowed considerably to only $23/ton.
160180200220240260280300320340360380
$/M
T
U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids
HRW SRW SWW HRS
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
5
FEATURE Turkey and Kazakhstan Top Global Wheat Flour Exporters
Most of the world’s wheat trade is in the form of grain due to the greater perishability of flour as well as the desire to mill in-country and capture value-added benefits domestically. Some countries even have disproportionately higher tariffs on wheat flour to encourage wheat grain imports. Still, there are a few countries that import large volumes of wheat flour, often due to limited domestic milling capacity. Kazakhstan was the largest flour exporter for several years following the removal of EU wheat flour export subsidies. Turkey surpassed Kazakhstan in 2012/13 and has been the world leader ever since. Kazakhstan’s largest markets are mainly in Central Asia – Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Afghanistan, which accounts for most of these exports in the last 2 years, continues to import flour as its recently expanded milling capacity remains insufficient to meet demand. Kazakhstan has a well-established relationship with these markets, which together account for more than 90 percent of its flour exports. Turkey, on the other hand, exports to a wider variety of markets. Turkey’s flour exports have become globally relevant due in part to its Inward Processing Regime (IPR). This policy improves the competitiveness of Turkish flour exports, as high domestic wheat prices would otherwise make exporting economically difficult. Under the IPR, flour exporters are able to import wheat (for processing and re-export) without the 130-percent duty that would otherwise be assessed. Milling by-products such as bran are valuable in the domestic market, which further contributes to the profitability of flour exports. These exports have been challenged in the last few years by importing country policies. For example, the Philippines and Indonesia were once major flour markets for Turkey, but have since imposed duties to prevent economic harm to their domestic millers. As exports to those countries have declined, Turkey has expanded shipments to Iraq, Sudan, and Syria. Turkish wheat flour continues to find a home in growing markets where milling capacity is underdeveloped or where domestically-milled flour is higher in price. Turkey is expected to continue dominating global trade in wheat flour for the foreseeable future.
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2016/17Jul-Dec
2017/18Jul-Dec
MM
T
Wheat Flour Exports (Grain Equivalent)
Kazakhstan Turkey
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
6
TRADE CHANGES IN 2017/18 (1,000 MT)
Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason
Argentina Exports 13,700 14,000 300 Fast pace of shipments and competitive pricing
Bangladesh Imports 6,200 6,400 200 Strong demand for food use
European Union
Exports 26,000 25,000 -1,000 Slower-than-expected pace in the face of intensified competition from Russia
India Imports 2,000 1,500 -500 High import tariff level slowing imports
Kenya Imports 1,800 2,100 300 Growing consumption as indicated by the rapid pace of imports
Korea, South Imports 4,600 4,400 -200 Slower pace of trade
Pakistan Exports 1,000 1,200 200 Government policy subsidizing exports
Russia Exports 36,000 37,500 1,500 Unrelenting pace of shipments
Turkey Imports 4,500 5,500 1,000 Large purchases from Russia
Ukraine Exports 17,000 17,200 200 Pace of trade to Southeast Asia
United States Exports 25,000 24,500 -500 Sluggish pace of sales and uncompetitive pricing, particularly HRW and HRS
Vietnam Imports 4,000 4,200 200 Stronger consumption as indicated by the fast pace of trade
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade
July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
TY Exports
14,00013,70012,2758,7504,2001,675 Argentina
17,50017,50022,06115,78016,57518,339 Australia
22,50022,50020,23522,11824,88322,156 Canada
25,00026,00027,31934,68635,45532,032 European Union
7,5007,5007,2507,6005,5078,000 Kazakhstan
1,2001,2001,1191,5681,1041,322 Mexico
1,2001,000600600700750 Pakistan
37,50036,00027,80925,54322,80018,609 Russia
6,5006,5006,1775,6054,1354,293 Turkey
17,20017,00018,10717,43111,2699,755 Ukraine
9,8099,6899,80210,51412,24914,019 Others
159,909158,589152,754150,195138,877130,950 Subtotal
24,50025,00029,48821,81123,02331,529 United States
184,409183,589182,242172,006161,900162,479 World Total
none
TY Imports
2,6002,6002,7002,7002,0002,050 Afghanistan
7,7007,7008,4148,1537,2577,484 Algeria
6,4006,2005,5564,7203,9293,354 Bangladesh
7,8007,8007,7885,9225,8697,061 Brazil
4,0004,0004,4103,4761,9266,773 China
2,1502,1502,1102,0321,6271,746 Colombia
12,00012,00011,23611,92511,30010,150 Egypt
5,5005,5005,2866,9165,9793,976 European Union
12,50012,50010,17610,0457,4777,391 Indonesia
3,6003,5002,4472,2182,2533,246 Iraq
5,8005,8005,9115,7155,8786,123 Japan
2,1001,8001,7741,6341,5071,473 Kenya
4,4004,6004,6674,4203,9424,288 Korea, South
5,2005,2005,3704,8054,4714,639 Mexico
4,8004,8005,1914,5034,0863,928 Morocco
5,2005,2004,9724,4104,2444,580 Nigeria
2,1002,1001,9611,8791,9221,853 Peru
5,6005,6005,7044,9185,0543,476 Philippines
3,3003,3003,7162,9313,4993,441 Saudi Arabia
2,6002,6002,4582,0212,6322,664 Sudan
3,0003,0003,6894,8723,4921,759 Thailand
5,5004,5004,5424,4055,9604,147 Turkey
2,8002,8002,7002,6622,2302,224 Uzbekistan
4,2004,0005,5463,0702,2922,157 Vietnam
3,4003,4003,2783,3323,2453,425 Yemen
53,33153,49154,33151,96850,81252,030 Others
177,581176,141175,933165,652154,883155,438 Subtotal
2,6283,2483,0123,3003,0282,256 Unaccounted
4,2004,2003,2973,0543,9894,785 United States
184,409183,589182,242172,006161,900162,479 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
Production
18,00018,00018,40011,30013,93010,500 Argentina
21,50021,50030,36322,27523,74325,303 Australia
30,00030,00031,72927,59429,42037,530 Canada
129,770130,000128,845130,190126,208121,930 China
8,1008,1008,1008,1008,3008,250 Egypt
151,600151,600145,248160,480156,912144,583 European Union
98,51098,38087,00086,53095,85093,506 India
15,00015,00015,50015,00013,00014,500 Iran
14,80214,00014,98513,74812,99613,941 Kazakhstan
6,2506,2502,7318,0645,1166,934 Morocco
26,50026,50025,63325,08625,97924,211 Pakistan
84,99285,00072,52961,04459,08052,091 Russia
21,00021,00017,25019,50015,25018,750 Turkey
26,98126,98126,79127,27424,75022,278 Ukraine
7,2007,2007,2007,2007,1506,800 Uzbekistan
51,21351,36555,36955,70355,34055,895 Others
711,418710,876687,673679,088673,024657,002 Subtotal
47,37147,37162,83356,11755,14758,105 United States
758,789758,247750,506735,205728,171715,107 World Total
none
Total Consumption
10,45010,45010,35010,25010,0509,850 Algeria
12,10012,10012,20011,10010,70011,400 Brazil
8,7008,70010,4177,9199,0969,395 Canada
117,000117,000118,500112,000116,500116,500 China
19,70019,70019,40019,20019,10018,500 Egypt
128,750128,750128,000129,850124,677117,300 European Union
98,000100,00097,12088,55193,10293,848 India
11,30011,30010,0009,1007,3657,165 Indonesia
18,35018,35018,10017,80017,50017,000 Iran
10,30010,30010,2009,8009,0009,000 Morocco
25,00025,00024,50024,40024,50024,100 Pakistan
45,00045,00040,00037,00035,50034,100 Russia
17,90017,90017,40018,00017,50017,750 Turkey
9,9009,90010,30012,20011,50011,500 Ukraine
9,9009,9009,7009,3508,9008,400 Uzbekistan
169,469168,654167,383160,497154,178150,804 Others
712,103714,389707,638679,667673,813664,011 Subtotal
30,40030,40031,75331,94231,32834,260 United States
742,503744,789739,391711,609705,141698,271 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
6,1356,1356,8355,1787,10110,398 Canada
126,819127,049111,04997,04276,10565,274 China
14,12213,12210,77215,55712,6979,938 European Union
11,3109,6809,80014,54017,22017,830 India
5,1945,1944,5446,8564,2814,317 Morocco
4,6814,8624,3513,8153,7102,191 Pakistan
13,82215,33010,8305,6076,2875,177 Russia
58,66157,25962,29266,34270,01563,673 Others
240,744238,631220,473214,937197,416178,798 Subtotal
28,14627,46532,13126,55220,47716,065 United States
268,890266,096252,604241,489217,893194,863 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Feb
2017/18
Mar
2017/18
TY Imports none
9,839 North America 9,004 8,373 9,173 9,900 9,900
1,833 Central America 1,834 1,834 1,993 2,025 2,025
14,678 South America 13,217 13,437 16,276 16,470 16,470
3,976 European Union - 28 5,979 6,916 5,286 5,500 5,500
1,858 Other Europe 1,760 1,828 1,970 1,860 1,860
7,528 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,678 7,402 7,358 8,025 8,075
28,447 Middle East 26,928 24,499 22,774 23,520 24,570
25,246 North Africa 25,430 27,873 28,334 27,850 27,850
20,405 Sub-Saharan Africa 20,963 22,865 22,223 24,905 25,520
19,465 East Asia 14,114 16,226 17,355 16,920 16,720
6,722 South Asia 8,164 8,823 15,469 11,971 11,671
17,176 Southeast Asia 20,576 25,483 27,761 27,950 28,150
3,050 Others 3,225 3,147 3,258 3,445 3,470
160,223 Total 158,872 168,706 179,230 180,341 181,781
Production none
98,992 North America 88,237 87,422 98,427 80,871 80,871
19,803 South America 24,581 21,601 28,643 25,038 25,052
144,583 European Union - 28 156,912 160,480 145,248 151,600 151,600
4,228 Other Europe 4,088 4,359 4,749 4,235 4,235
103,824 Former Soviet Union - 12 112,382 117,964 130,468 142,154 142,748
41,708 Middle East 35,414 42,905 39,791 42,615 42,615
19,661 North Africa 17,029 19,976 14,081 18,150 18,150
7,204 Sub-Saharan Africa 7,477 6,433 7,227 7,149 7,194
123,248 East Asia 127,650 131,515 130,148 131,454 131,224
125,917 South Asia 130,057 119,662 120,721 132,890 133,020
25,751 Oceania 24,157 22,689 30,822 21,920 21,909
188 Others 187 199 181 171 171
715,107 Total 728,171 735,205 750,506 758,247 758,789
Domestic Consumption none
50,305 North America 47,274 46,861 50,070 46,800 46,800
27,421 South America 27,115 27,745 28,615 28,790 28,840
117,300 European Union - 28 124,677 129,850 128,000 128,750 128,750
4,857 Other Europe 4,875 4,935 5,035 5,035 5,035
72,755 Former Soviet Union - 12 74,990 77,775 79,070 84,190 84,090
58,764 Middle East 58,357 60,110 60,436 62,215 62,290
42,475 North Africa 42,726 43,666 44,570 45,075 45,075
26,383 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,220 28,611 29,219 30,758 31,323
130,201 East Asia 129,523 125,274 132,255 130,615 130,515
132,041 South Asia 132,306 128,914 139,104 143,121 141,221
16,610 Southeast Asia 19,295 23,131 26,375 25,905 26,105
8,280 Oceania 8,564 8,505 8,740 8,220 8,220
3,480 Others 3,574 3,582 3,834 3,930 3,955
690,872 Total 700,496 708,959 735,323 743,404 742,219
Ending Stocks none
26,988 North America 28,290 32,390 39,842 34,276 34,957
6,622 South America 8,545 4,129 4,712 3,972 3,820
9,938 European Union - 28 12,697 15,557 10,772 13,122 14,122
1,009 Other Europe 1,321 1,598 1,959 1,739 1,739
15,832 Former Soviet Union - 12 20,662 16,770 21,105 25,449 24,483
18,834 Middle East 18,474 19,868 15,957 12,492 13,417
14,045 North Africa 13,216 16,628 13,924 14,164 14,114
2,844 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,036 3,173 2,502 2,956 3,038
68,314 East Asia 79,217 100,404 114,270 130,399 130,069
21,661 South Asia 23,109 21,026 16,656 16,767 18,316
3,491 Southeast Asia 3,921 5,413 5,857 6,902 6,902
4,861 Oceania 4,960 4,115 4,610 3,424 3,489
424 Others 445 418 438 434 424
194,863 Total 217,893 241,489 252,604 266,096 268,890
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
10
RICE: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
OVERVIEW
Global rice production is at a record this month, primarily due to higher production in India.
Trade, too, is now at a record, with higher imports forecast for Sri Lanka in the midst of a
smaller-than-expected crop. India’s exports are raised to record levels. Global stocks are up this
month on higher production in India.
PRICES
Over the past month, U.S. export quotes for bagged milled rice rose relative to Western
Hemisphere and Asian origins. U.S. quotes rose $5/ton to $590, reflecting tightening supplies.
Meanwhile, South American quotes dropped as new crop begins to be harvested in some regions
with Uruguay now nearly $70/ton less than the United States. Asian quotes declined as
Indonesia’s demand subsided, but Vietnamese quotes fell the most with new crop becoming
available. Quotes from Thailand, India, and Vietnam are currently trading within a narrow range
of $410-$420/ton. Pakistan rice is currently the lowest quote at $385/ton.
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
$/MT U.S. Quotes Rise Relative to Asia and South America
U.S. #2/4 (long-grain) THAI 100B VIETNAM 5%
INDIA 5% PAKISTAN 5% URUGUAY 5%
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
11
FEATURES
Paraguay Emerges as Rice Exporter, Shifting Trade Flows in South America and Beyond
Over the past decade, Paraguay’s rice production has quadrupled, driving it to find export
opportunities. Accordingly, its rice exports have risen six-fold over the same period. Paraguay’s
recent dominance of the Brazil rice import market has caused Uruguay and Argentina to find
new markets in Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East.
Among the major producers in South
America, Brazil is the only country that
not only exports but also imports rice.
This is fortunate for neighboring
landlocked Paraguay, which has the
logistical advantage of supplying this
nearby market. The dependence on this
one market is so extreme that last year,
Paraguay shipped nearly 80 percent of its
exports to Brazil.
Paraguay’s dominance of the Brazilian
market has had ripple effects on a global
scale. Only 10 years ago, Uruguay and
Argentina supplied more than 80 percent
of Brazil’s rice imports. Last year as Paraguay’s share expanded, these two suppliers’ share
declined to roughly 40 percent. Paraguay’s increased dominance in the Brazilian market has
intensified competition, impelling Uruguay and Argentina to find new markets.
These two countries have been able to capitalize on their port capacities to ship further distances
and expand markets abroad. For example, they have been able to ship to West Africa and Iraq,
and their expansion into Latin American markets has been remarkable. Peru is now the top
export market for Uruguayan rice. Both countries have shipped to Cuba and have seen
considerable growth in their exports to traditional U.S. markets such as Mexico and Costa Rica
in the last decade.
-
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MMT Rice Exports to the World
Argentina
Brazil
Uruguay
Paraguay
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Market Share of Brazil's Rice Imports
Paraguay Uruguay Argentina Other
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
12
Global Rice Trade Hits Record with Shifting Suppliers
Global rice trade is now forecast at a record 47.9 million tons for 2018, but the composition of
suppliers is expected to change from last year. For the seventh consecutive year, India is forecast
to be the top exporter, reaching a record 13.0 million tons. With record production and ample
stocks, there is no threat of the government curtailing non-basmati exports as it did from 2007 to
2011. Instead, the forecast is for robust basmati and non-basmati exports, primarily to the Asian,
African, and Middle Eastern regions.
In contrast, Thai exports are forecast at 10.2 million tons for 2018, down over 12 percent from
last year. In 2017, exports were aided by the rapid pace of sales from old-crop rice auctions of
government stocks. In the current year, the government is nearing depletion of these stocks,
while the private sector is expected to return to its role of maintaining adequate levels of pipeline
reserves. Vietnam’s exports are seen slightly higher at 6.7 million tons, reflecting continued
strong sales to China and expanded opportunities for supplying affordably priced rice to the
region. Other exporters are also expected to edge up, with China in particular accelerating sales
to African countries.
TRADE CHANGES IN 2018 (1,000 MT)
Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason
India Exports 12,500 13,000 500 Greater exportable supplies and
competitiveness
Sri Lanka Imports 400 500 100 Reduced crop forecast
TRADE CHANGES IN 2017 (1,000 MT)
Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason
Burma Exports 3,200 3,350 150 Final trade data
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
India Thailand Vietnam Other
MM
T
Rice Exports
2017
2018
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Rice Trade
January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
TY Exports
400430392527310494 Argentina
325325187165323404 Australia
650650594641895852 Brazil
3,3003,3003,3501,3001,7351,688 Burma
1,2501,2501,1501,1501,1501,000 Cambodia
1,6001,6001,173368262393 China
280280320270251284 European Union
460460440431486446 Guyana
13,00012,50012,30010,04011,04611,588 India
3,8003,8003,6004,1004,0003,700 Pakistan
520520500557371380 Paraguay
160160180198163187 Russia
10,20010,20011,6159,8679,77910,969 Thailand
8108101,000996718957 Uruguay
6,7006,7006,4885,0886,6066,325 Vietnam
1,1041,0721,0761,1341,1731,509 Others
44,55944,05744,36536,83239,26841,176 Subtotal
3,3003,3003,3843,3733,3812,947 United States
47,85947,35747,74940,20542,64944,123 World Total
none
TY Imports
650650525470450500 Angola
1,6001,6002,200355981,335 Bangladesh
600600800786363586 Brazil
575575550500500525 Cameroon
5,5005,5005,5004,6005,1504,450 China
1,5001,5001,3501,3001,150950 Cote d'Ivoire
540540500544575377 Cuba
1,9001,9001,8751,8161,7861,556 European Union
600600600700580590 Ghana
800800725650420520 Guinea
8008003001,0001,3501,225 Indonesia
1,3001,3001,6001,1001,3001,400 Iran
1,1001,1001,0709301,0001,080 Iraq
685685685685688669 Japan
700700675500450440 Kenya
9009001,0008231,051989 Malaysia
850850870731719685 Mexico
700700750625575590 Mozambique
600600550530530520 Nepal
2,6002,6002,5002,1002,1003,200 Nigeria
1,3001,3001,1008002,0001,800 Philippines
1,4501,4501,4001,3001,6011,459 Saudi Arabia
1,1001,1001,000980990960 Senegal
9509501,000954912910 South Africa
825825750670580560 United Arab Emirates
13,77013,62213,88811,71412,00812,516 Others
43,89543,74743,76336,84339,42640,392 Subtotal
3,1892,8353,1992,5942,4662,976 Unaccounted
775775787768757755 United States
47,85947,35747,74940,20542,64944,123 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 2017/18 is calendar year 2018, 2016/17 is calendar year 2017, and so on.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
Milled Production
32,65032,65034,57834,50034,50034,390 Bangladesh
7,8207,8208,3837,2108,4658,300 Brazil
12,95012,95012,65012,16012,60011,957 Burma
5,0005,0004,9504,8474,7004,725 Cambodia
145,989146,000144,953145,770144,560142,530 China
4,3004,3004,8004,0004,5304,750 Egypt
110,000107,500109,700104,408105,482106,646 India
37,00037,00036,85836,20035,56036,300 Indonesia
7,6007,6007,7807,6707,8497,931 Japan
3,9723,9724,1974,3274,2414,230 Korea, South
3,6543,6543,6543,5283,4653,038 Nigeria
7,2007,2006,8506,8007,0036,798 Pakistan
11,97011,97011,68611,00011,91511,858 Philippines
20,40020,40019,20015,80018,75020,460 Thailand
28,45028,45027,40027,58428,16628,161 Vietnam
41,64842,20641,39741,00640,60140,514 Others
480,603478,672479,036466,810472,387472,588 Subtotal
5,6595,6597,1176,1337,1066,117 United States
486,262484,331486,153472,943479,493478,705 World Total
none
Consumption and Residual
35,00035,00035,00035,10035,10034,900 Bangladesh
8,0258,0258,1007,9007,9257,900 Brazil
10,00010,00010,00010,40010,50010,450 Burma
3,7503,7503,7503,7003,6153,650 Cambodia
142,700142,700141,448140,799140,334139,770 China
4,4004,4004,3003,9004,0004,000 Egypt
97,55097,55096,33093,56898,24498,727 India
37,40037,40037,50037,80038,30038,500 Indonesia
8,4508,4508,5008,6008,6008,380 Japan
4,8704,8704,7064,2124,1974,422 Korea, South
3,8503,8503,7543,3533,7703,831 Nepal
6,4006,4006,2006,0005,9005,800 Nigeria
12,90012,90012,90012,90013,00012,850 Philippines
11,50011,50012,0009,10010,00010,600 Thailand
22,10022,10022,00022,50022,00022,000 Vietnam
67,05267,59965,60362,69061,92061,409 Others
476,674476,967477,412464,534469,372471,505 Subtotal
3,8113,8114,1713,5804,2843,978 United States
480,485480,778481,583468,114473,656475,483 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
1,7951,7958491,2051,592966 Bangladesh
93,98994,00086,50078,50069,00060,500 China
20,00018,00020,55018,40017,80022,800 India
3,5633,5273,1653,5094,1115,501 Indonesia
2,2372,2372,4622,5522,8213,007 Japan
2,3662,3661,9962,1102,4101,695 Philippines
3,1883,1894,2388,40311,27011,999 Thailand
14,99814,75416,06316,56117,33014,556 Others
142,136139,868135,823131,240126,334121,024 Subtotal
9269261,4621,4751,5521,025 United States
143,062140,794137,285132,715127,886122,049 World Total
Note: All data are reported on a milled basis.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Feb
2017/18
Mar
2017/18
TY Imports none
1,801 North America 1,838 1,855 2,018 1,995 1,995
900 Caribbean 1,158 1,120 1,201 1,220 1,220
1,814 South America 1,686 2,015 1,904 1,596 1,644
132 Other Europe 128 136 140 140 140
626 Former Soviet Union - 12 571 457 616 605 605
6,711 Middle East 6,464 5,723 6,685 6,635 6,635
470 North Africa 396 483 565 485 485
12,658 Sub-Saharan Africa 11,355 12,129 13,940 14,730 14,730
6,044 East Asia 6,686 6,097 7,158 7,146 7,146
2,576 South Asia 1,693 945 3,930 3,050 3,150
5,023 Southeast Asia 5,677 3,883 3,653 4,155 4,155
1,556 European Union 1,786 1,816 1,875 1,900 1,900
41,147 Total 40,183 37,611 44,550 44,522 44,670
Production none
6,248 North America 7,285 6,289 7,292 5,847 5,847
1,054 Caribbean 979 865 983 933 1,021
16,519 South America 16,783 15,766 16,698 16,441 16,425
1,937 European Union - 28 1,954 2,050 2,068 2,090 2,090
1,205 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,185 1,262 1,261 1,237 1,227
2,417 Middle East 2,245 2,392 2,455 2,475 2,475
4,776 North Africa 4,553 4,044 4,837 4,340 4,340
14,387 Sub-Saharan Africa 15,193 15,701 16,397 16,025 16,025
157,701 East Asia 159,486 160,179 159,674 160,266 160,255
154,255 South Asia 153,259 152,263 156,695 153,825 155,705
116,867 Southeast Asia 115,367 111,317 116,515 119,591 119,591
478,705 Total 479,493 472,943 486,153 484,331 486,262
Domestic Consumption none
5,217 North America 5,522 4,814 5,448 5,101 5,101
1,195 Central America 1,199 1,301 1,318 1,342 1,334
1,981 Caribbean 2,035 1,988 2,068 2,173 2,173
14,818 South America 14,980 15,067 15,107 15,450 15,223
3,250 European Union - 28 3,400 3,550 3,650 3,750 3,750
1,605 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,507 1,508 1,649 1,632 1,620
9,140 Middle East 9,000 8,569 8,938 9,205 9,205
4,452 North Africa 4,407 4,279 4,774 4,875 4,875
26,514 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,141 27,701 29,602 30,406 30,406
156,184 East Asia 156,400 156,433 157,829 159,135 159,135
143,331 South Asia 143,183 138,819 141,950 143,775 143,475
102,763 Southeast Asia 102,357 101,520 103,354 102,876 102,876
471,167 Total 471,689 466,102 476,262 480,305 479,758
Ending Stocks none
1,184 North America 1,717 1,602 1,631 1,123 1,123
201 Central America 219 267 266 261 262
264 Caribbean 223 231 288 161 346
1,852 South America 2,211 1,693 1,907 1,816 1,939
1,163 European Union - 28 1,151 1,183 1,115 1,075 1,075
1,777 Middle East 1,742 1,134 1,279 1,114 1,134
610 North Africa 924 924 1,474 1,324 1,324
3,001 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,215 2,737 2,769 2,693 2,693
64,694 East Asia 73,483 83,126 90,994 97,828 97,817
24,920 South Asia 21,531 21,574 23,075 21,563 23,546
21,976 Southeast Asia 21,060 18,008 12,122 11,430 11,415
241 Oceania 223 77 208 259 239
122,049 Total 127,886 132,715 137,285 140,794 143,062
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
16
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
$/M
T
Corn Daily FOB Export Bids
Argentina Up River Black Sea Brazil Paranagua US Gulf
COARSE GRAINS: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
OVERVIEW There are few changes this month for 2017/18 global corn supply and use. Global corn production is largely unchanged as gains for the European Union, India, and South Africa virtually offset reductions for Argentina, Brazil, and Russia. Global corn trade is marginally higher, driven by larger imports for Canada and China. India’s imports are forecast lower with prospects for a record rabi crop. U.S. corn exports are forecast higher, reflecting competitive prices and continued strong foreign demand, while exports for Argentina and Brazil are cut. The U.S. season-average farm price is raised $0.05 to $3.35 per bushel at the midpoint.
PRICES Global corn prices have continued their strong upward march since the previous WASDE. Argentine bids soared $19/ton to $186 amid continued weather concerns in Argentina. Brazil bids are seasonally unavailable. Black Sea bids were up $18/ton to $193 on strong overseas demand. U.S. quotes also rose $18/ton to $183 mainly due to Mississippi waterway disruptions along with robust foreign demand.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
17
TRADE CHANGES IN 2017/18 (1,000 MT)
Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason
Argentina Corn Exports 26,500 25,000 -1,500 On a smaller exportable supplies
Brazil Corn Exports 34,000 31,000 -3,000 Reflects slower exports in recent months
Canada Corn Imports 1,000 1,200 200 Stronger feed use
India Corn Imports 400 50 -350 Larger crop
China
Corn Imports 3,000 4,000 1,000 Pace to date and to partly offset lower sorghum imports
Barley Imports 6,500 7,000 500 Stronger trade to date, mainly from Australia
Sorghum Imports 6,300 5,600 -700 Reflect slowing U.S. sorghum sales and tightening supplies in Australia
United States Corn Exports 51,500 56,000 4,500 Continued robust sales and shipments to
date and competitive FOB prices
Sorghum Exports 6,700 6,300 -400 Slowing pace of sales to China
Iran Barley Imports 1,900 2,100 200 Stronger demand at the start of the trade year, particularly from Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan Barley Exports 800 1,000 200 Larger crop and strong demand from Iran
Saudi Arabia Barley Imports 8,500 8,000 -500 Lower barley feed demand offset by higher demand for other feedstuffs such as alfalfa
Australia Sorghum Exports 600 300 -300 Smaller crop
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Coarse Grain Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
TY Exports
27,70529,20526,10525,29021,00316,630 Argentina
6,7257,02510,2656,3897,2867,004 Australia
31,01534,01519,80035,41521,95422,059 Brazil
4,5504,7504,9974,6933,6045,482 Canada
8,5058,5058,17410,97515,0687,841 European Union
1,3001,3001,5391,559792501 Mexico
2,5152,5151,7672,6633,0312,718 Paraguay
10,06010,0609,2618,4659,1557,074 Russia
1,9101,9102,1357647622,128 South Africa
25,11025,11026,86821,45724,20824,125 Ukraine
7,3657,0658,8807,95210,58913,004 Others
126,760131,460119,791125,622117,452108,566 Subtotal
62,46558,36561,79859,23056,41956,776 United States
189,225189,825181,589184,852173,871165,342 World Total
none
TY Imports
5,4255,4254,4735,2244,8634,946 Algeria
1,4501,4503,1762,1211,0231,184 Brazil
2,1802,1801,5381,7441,7071,621 Chile
17,10016,30016,05517,49925,69912,445 China
5,3355,3355,0344,8244,7474,795 Colombia
1,4001,4001,2941,3511,2021,011 Dominican Republic
10,10010,1008,7928,7957,9388,840 Egypt
16,90516,90515,90114,2879,40816,355 European Union
11,10010,90010,0008,3008,0006,600 Iran
1,7851,7851,9251,5051,6012,072 Israel
16,72016,72016,99917,07016,72617,501 Japan
1,7001,7001,5881,7131,4481,443 Jordan
1,3001,3001,106309717444 Kenya
9,7709,7709,29610,19210,24510,499 Korea, South
2,1002,1001,7641,9051,6851,493 Libya
4,0004,0003,5284,0803,2213,485 Malaysia
16,90016,90015,23814,88111,64011,312 Mexico
3,0003,0002,5263,1822,2172,858 Morocco
3,4203,4203,3383,0832,8632,336 Peru
12,51013,01011,83013,99211,11511,332 Saudi Arabia
4,6004,6004,2674,7813,9384,346 Taiwan
1,9001,9001,7451,7131,5251,449 Tunisia
2,0052,0051,7177132,7191,977 Turkey
1,6001,6001,2401,7382,4332,627 Venezuela
9,5009,5008,5008,6006,7004,300 Vietnam
18,74618,87121,48422,54120,60718,809 Others
182,551182,176174,354176,143165,987156,080 Subtotal
3,2744,0493,8134,7284,5885,939 Unaccounted
3,4003,6003,4223,9813,2963,323 United States
189,225189,825181,589184,852173,871165,342 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
Production
43,45446,45448,56938,43936,78235,665 Argentina
10,89611,49616,62712,54412,60512,158 Australia
97,28697,786101,57568,64987,67182,634 Brazil
26,20526,20525,79425,61921,99228,745 Canada
223,391223,931226,867231,487222,405225,062 China
13,03513,03512,70013,03514,44213,078 Ethiopia
151,644150,795152,591152,665170,670159,212 European Union
45,20042,24043,47038,70143,07643,216 India
11,35011,35010,90010,5009,0009,100 Indonesia
32,07532,07533,32532,37832,68932,065 Mexico
18,85018,85019,33516,68118,91714,633 Nigeria
41,71241,99540,76537,42740,38635,735 Russia
13,46312,96318,0378,67511,11015,518 South Africa
13,04313,04310,89314,2439,39313,074 Turkey
34,07134,07139,21733,38739,38940,022 Ukraine
162,032161,391161,445158,997164,700156,360 Others
937,707937,680962,110893,427935,227916,277 Subtotal
384,255384,255402,612367,009377,234367,089 United States
1,321,9621,321,9351,364,7221,260,4361,312,4611,283,366 World Total
none
Domestic Consumption
16,38416,88416,34414,32114,23213,695 Argentina
65,89264,89264,03259,82360,00958,053 Brazil
23,64523,24521,65221,25121,29022,345 Canada
261,980261,660252,948238,790228,709223,196 China
16,77816,85816,02715,80314,83214,122 Egypt
161,000160,300160,690157,250162,592164,401 European Union
44,65043,55042,60040,17040,45037,600 India
17,62017,42014,62013,82012,02011,320 Iran
17,06217,06217,24617,25716,87417,570 Japan
48,34048,34046,89544,71542,17540,935 Mexico
19,15019,15019,58016,64118,77614,668 Nigeria
32,11532,31532,12529,71531,13928,219 Russia
13,60514,10513,72514,10511,90511,411 Saudi Arabia
14,41814,41812,99314,09313,02313,414 Turkey
13,40013,40012,90012,2009,4008,200 Vietnam
255,396254,943255,440250,230251,719244,209 Others
1,029,6721,025,5141,025,427942,493965,543931,254 Subtotal
330,651329,030327,479312,597311,339305,044 United States
1,360,3231,354,5441,352,9061,255,0901,276,8821,236,298 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
6,3206,2706,8503,1794,2743,169 Argentina
11,81511,01514,4867,0088,23514,265 Brazil
4,1844,1844,9144,6433,3344,648 Canada
80,38080,983101,949112,086101,91782,544 China
14,15514,00615,11115,45218,88515,565 European Union
6,8546,8547,1147,1747,1345,094 Iran
5,3565,3566,0215,8894,8323,487 Mexico
40,68339,22045,76449,01851,65648,551 Others
169,747167,888202,209204,449200,267177,323 Subtotal
56,26962,15062,16848,11246,94834,313 United States
226,016230,038264,377252,561247,215211,636 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Feb
2017/18
Mar
2017/18
TY Imports none
15,349 North America 16,649 19,953 19,579 21,560 21,560
2,923 Central America 3,456 3,938 3,799 3,900 3,900
2,330 Caribbean 2,444 2,597 2,659 2,840 2,840
13,180 South America 13,355 13,876 14,945 14,830 14,830
16,355 European Union - 28 9,408 14,287 15,901 16,905 16,905
807 Former Soviet Union - 12 745 548 828 720 720
26,241 Middle East 27,608 29,730 30,716 32,325 32,025
19,586 North Africa 18,228 20,819 19,300 22,525 22,525
3,134 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,169 6,133 6,673 4,240 4,240
44,865 East Asia 56,655 49,576 46,709 47,440 48,240
12,814 Southeast Asia 14,694 15,779 13,930 15,215 15,215
1,819 Others 1,872 2,888 2,737 3,276 2,951
159,403 Total 169,283 180,124 177,776 185,776 185,951
Production none
427,899 North America 431,915 425,006 461,731 442,535 442,535
133,041 South America 139,745 123,258 162,949 158,077 154,657
159,212 European Union - 28 170,670 152,665 152,591 150,795 151,644
8,992 Other Europe 10,927 9,271 11,328 7,337 7,337
87,859 Former Soviet Union - 12 91,821 82,551 92,149 89,095 89,469
22,274 Middle East 17,931 23,165 19,700 21,681 21,681
11,581 North Africa 10,927 12,289 9,263 10,807 10,807
101,908 Sub-Saharan Africa 110,183 98,317 113,318 108,558 109,058
227,452 East Asia 225,083 234,030 229,522 226,503 225,963
54,292 South Asia 54,267 50,264 55,956 55,174 58,119
31,006 Southeast Asia 30,949 31,992 34,035 34,338 34,338
12,804 Oceania 13,283 13,236 17,244 12,066 11,376
5,046 Others 4,760 4,392 4,936 4,969 4,978
1,283,366 Total 1,312,461 1,260,436 1,364,722 1,321,935 1,321,962
Domestic Consumption none
368,324 North America 374,804 378,563 396,026 400,615 402,636
95,335 South America 98,562 98,752 103,359 106,545 107,125
164,401 European Union - 28 162,592 157,250 160,690 160,300 161,000
7,803 Other Europe 8,347 8,551 8,917 8,047 8,047
56,361 Former Soviet Union - 12 58,273 53,430 55,969 54,856 54,749
45,989 Middle East 45,620 51,726 51,235 55,089 54,789
28,059 North Africa 30,168 32,142 31,043 33,183 33,103
100,887 Sub-Saharan Africa 110,148 104,871 113,572 111,091 111,591
257,340 East Asia 262,458 272,956 286,352 295,580 295,900
49,036 South Asia 52,143 53,271 56,124 57,904 58,994
39,043 Southeast Asia 41,183 43,943 45,857 47,000 47,000
5,764 Oceania 5,846 6,429 6,829 5,676 5,466
10,060 Others 10,340 10,897 11,323 11,686 11,686
1,228,402 Total 1,260,484 1,272,781 1,327,296 1,347,572 1,352,086
Ending Stocks none
42,448 North America 55,114 58,644 73,103 71,690 65,809
21,552 South America 15,997 14,653 25,075 20,807 21,637
15,565 European Union - 28 18,885 15,452 15,111 14,006 14,155
818 Other Europe 1,102 963 1,627 1,017 1,017
7,399 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,916 6,246 6,610 4,979 5,260
11,819 Middle East 12,617 14,302 11,723 11,125 11,125
5,703 North Africa 5,412 5,875 3,695 3,834 3,834
9,321 Sub-Saharan Africa 12,192 9,011 10,010 8,637 8,637
86,556 East Asia 105,819 116,445 106,175 85,001 84,398
4,025 South Asia 5,224 3,195 4,157 3,333 4,458
4,324 Southeast Asia 4,149 5,021 3,860 3,388 3,388
1,145 Oceania 1,665 1,620 2,036 1,024 1,091
961 Others 1,123 1,134 1,195 1,197 1,207
211,636 Total 247,215 252,561 264,377 230,038 226,016
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Corn Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
TY Exports
25,00026,50022,95121,67818,44812,846 Argentina
31,00034,00019,79435,38221,90922,041 Brazil
1,2001,2001,1001,0001,2501,100 Burma
1,3001,3001,5381,7673951,939 Canada
2,0002,0002,1711,9494,0272,404 European Union
1,3001,3001,5391,559784501 Mexico
2,5002,5001,7572,6623,0122,714 Paraguay
4,8004,8005,5894,6913,2134,194 Russia
1,9001,9002,1107597462,104 South Africa
20,00020,00021,33416,59519,66120,004 Ukraine
4,6154,5156,2905,7138,11410,292 Others
95,615100,01586,17393,75581,55980,139 Subtotal
56,00051,50055,53551,15646,83150,691 United States
151,615151,515141,708144,911128,390130,830 World Total
none
TY Imports
4,7004,7003,9154,3294,1164,156 Algeria
1,1001,1001,1761,042482488 Bangladesh
1,2001,0008279491,536678 Canada
2,0002,0001,4841,5391,5161,456 Chile
4,0003,0002,4643,1745,5163,277 China
5,0005,0004,7484,4584,4964,436 Colombia
1,0001,000964853886928 Cuba
1,4001,4001,2941,3511,2021,011 Dominican Republic
10,00010,0008,7738,7227,8398,791 Egypt
16,20016,20015,24113,7948,90816,014 European Union
9,0009,0007,8006,6006,1005,500 Iran
1,4001,4001,5151,1521,2941,651 Israel
15,00015,00015,16915,20114,65715,121 Japan
1,2001,200976200600350 Kenya
9,7009,7009,23110,12110,16810,406 Korea, South
4,0004,0003,5284,0803,2213,485 Malaysia
16,50016,50014,56914,01111,34110,949 Mexico
2,5002,5002,1642,2241,9412,349 Morocco
3,3003,3003,1692,9852,7412,232 Peru
4,5004,5003,4203,5832,9042,684 Saudi Arabia
4,5004,5004,1634,6563,8104,179 Taiwan
1,3001,3001,2441,0171,042993 Tunisia
1,5001,5001,4215672,3771,381 Turkey
1,6001,6001,2381,7382,4332,626 Venezuela
9,5009,5008,5008,6006,7004,300 Vietnam
15,28015,60519,12619,66016,96916,249 Others
147,380146,505138,119136,606124,795125,690 Subtotal
2,9353,7102,1396,5232,7864,413 Unaccounted
1,3001,3001,4501,782809727 United States
151,615151,515141,708144,911128,390130,830 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
Production
36,00039,00041,00029,50029,75026,000 Argentina
94,50095,00098,50067,00085,00080,000 Brazil
14,10014,10013,19313,55911,48714,194 Canada
215,891215,891219,552224,632215,646218,489 China
6,0006,0006,0006,0005,9605,800 Egypt
6,5006,5006,3506,8007,2356,492 Ethiopia
61,13960,09161,45358,74875,73464,931 European Union
27,15025,00025,90022,57024,17024,259 India
11,35011,35010,90010,5009,0009,100 Indonesia
26,50026,50027,57525,97125,48022,880 Mexico
10,50010,50010,7559,54010,7918,423 Nigeria
8,2008,2008,1316,9707,6717,532 Philippines
13,22913,50015,30513,16811,32511,635 Russia
13,00012,50017,4758,21410,62914,925 South Africa
24,11524,11527,96923,33328,45030,900 Ukraine
102,603102,524100,393101,441103,97099,318 Others
670,777670,771690,451627,946662,298644,878 Subtotal
370,960370,960384,778345,506361,091351,272 United States
1,041,7371,041,7311,075,229973,4521,023,389996,150 World Total
none
Total Consumption
11,50012,00011,2009,3009,3008,800 Argentina
62,50061,50060,50057,50057,00055,000 Brazil
14,20014,00012,70012,38112,82012,675 Canada
241,000240,000232,000217,500202,000208,000 China
15,90015,90015,10014,85013,90013,200 Egypt
75,80075,00073,70073,50077,88076,796 European Union
26,50025,80024,90023,55022,35019,600 India
12,20012,20012,30012,10012,20011,900 Indonesia
12,10012,10010,1008,8007,4006,800 Iran
15,10015,10015,20015,20014,60015,000 Japan
9,8009,8009,41010,12310,2509,891 Korea, South
42,30042,30040,40037,30034,55031,700 Mexico
10,90010,90011,1009,60010,7008,500 Nigeria
12,20011,70013,12510,97011,65011,500 South Africa
13,40013,40012,90012,2009,4008,200 Vietnam
170,817170,937165,796164,086162,691157,559 Others
754,500749,749744,515669,447686,099661,861 Subtotal
319,927318,658313,854298,785301,792292,958 United States
1,074,4271,068,4071,058,369968,232987,891954,819 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
5,2675,2675,7621,4592,8981,408 Argentina
11,41910,61914,0196,7697,84213,972 Brazil
79,55479,554100,713110,774100,47281,323 China
7,0816,8337,5426,7199,6266,891 European Union
5,7365,7366,2966,0565,7164,476 Iran
4,8184,8185,4185,2134,0902,603 Mexico
2,1962,1962,9961,0962,4482,198 South Africa
29,05828,31030,85832,78832,71130,116 Others
145,129143,333173,604170,874165,803142,987 Subtotal
54,03859,75358,25344,12343,97431,292 United States
199,167203,086231,857214,997209,777174,279 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Feb
2017/18
Mar
2017/18
TY Imports none
12,354 North America 13,686 16,742 16,846 18,800 19,000
2,922 Central America 3,456 3,938 3,799 3,900 3,900
12,025 South America 12,042 12,462 13,609 13,440 13,440
16,014 European Union - 28 8,908 13,794 15,241 16,200 16,200
452 Former Soviet Union - 12 500 361 374 445 445
13,438 Middle East 15,157 14,886 17,159 19,500 19,500
17,101 North Africa 15,622 16,873 16,775 19,300 19,300
2,488 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,323 5,408 5,899 3,380 3,380
33,057 East Asia 34,198 33,186 31,119 32,250 33,250
12,768 Southeast Asia 14,680 15,763 13,913 15,200 15,200
2,330 Caribbean 2,444 2,597 2,657 2,840 2,840
1,468 Others 1,588 2,378 2,178 2,550 2,225
126,417 Total 125,604 138,388 139,569 147,805 148,680
Production none
388,346 North America 398,058 385,036 425,546 411,560 411,560
118,260 South America 127,572 110,079 149,573 145,181 141,761
64,931 European Union - 28 75,734 58,748 61,453 60,091 61,139
7,297 Other Europe 9,132 7,427 9,407 5,484 5,484
47,034 Former Soviet Union - 12 43,951 39,872 47,268 42,265 42,029
8,763 Middle East 7,785 9,213 8,587 9,128 9,128
5,919 North Africa 6,058 6,096 6,130 6,201 6,201
64,995 Sub-Saharan Africa 67,271 60,982 69,293 67,769 68,269
220,582 East Asia 217,995 226,883 221,906 218,150 218,150
34,100 South Asia 34,137 32,861 37,103 36,686 38,836
3,878 Central America 3,588 3,278 3,789 3,870 3,870
30,724 Southeast Asia 30,655 31,697 33,745 34,048 34,048
1,321 Others 1,453 1,280 1,429 1,298 1,262
996,150 Total 1,023,389 973,452 1,075,229 1,041,731 1,041,737
Domestic Consumption none
337,333 North America 349,162 348,466 366,954 374,958 376,427
84,206 South America 87,426 88,171 91,558 94,905 95,485
76,796 European Union - 28 77,880 73,500 73,700 75,000 75,800
5,897 Other Europe 6,297 6,522 6,878 5,995 5,995
21,755 Former Soviet Union - 12 20,807 19,325 20,084 18,160 17,960
19,966 Middle East 21,738 23,502 25,428 28,780 28,780
20,800 North Africa 22,100 22,990 23,390 25,200 25,200
63,399 Sub-Saharan Africa 67,580 66,127 69,058 69,282 69,782
239,185 East Asia 233,127 249,279 263,066 271,650 272,650
29,782 South Asia 32,773 35,140 37,090 38,790 39,490
38,754 Southeast Asia 40,849 43,634 45,547 46,700 46,700
6,625 Central America 6,760 7,180 7,520 7,740 7,740
3,581 Others 3,984 3,909 4,012 4,135 4,135
948,079 Total 970,483 987,745 1,034,285 1,061,295 1,066,144
Ending Stocks none
35,495 North America 49,466 51,549 65,712 66,412 60,697
19,028 South America 13,813 12,332 23,170 19,111 19,911
6,891 European Union - 28 9,626 6,719 7,542 6,833 7,081
529 Other Europe 896 849 1,477 916 916
2,684 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,164 2,593 2,974 2,264 2,228
5,970 Middle East 7,050 7,492 7,548 7,301 7,301
3,175 North Africa 3,259 2,988 2,455 2,746 2,746
7,358 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,349 7,046 8,076 7,033 7,033
84,864 East Asia 103,922 114,710 104,556 83,256 83,256
2,937 South Asia 3,871 2,481 3,195 2,589 3,366
4,318 Southeast Asia 4,143 5,015 3,860 3,388 3,388
634 Central America 759 791 851 866 866
396 Others 459 432 441 371 378
174,279 Total 209,777 214,997 231,857 203,086 199,167
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Barley Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
TY Exports
2,1002,1002,6962,8361,5992,829 Argentina
5,8005,8009,1935,4015,2666,261 Australia
1,5001,5001,7701,1471,3861,714 Canada
6,2006,2005,6838,64410,6424,926 European Union
1,000800823807479596 Kazakhstan
150150143598126 Moldova
5,2005,2003,6293,7355,8072,791 Russia
505033333718 Serbia
4,9004,9005,3374,6734,3323,827 Ukraine
5050111424336 Uruguay
55553049131562 Others
27,00526,80529,44827,42629,80323,586 Subtotal
130130125161291336 United States
27,13526,93529,57327,58730,09423,922 World Total
none
TY Imports
700700533864723778 Algeria
1001001097111 Belarus
650650737551489337 Brazil
7,0006,5008,1045,8699,8594,891 China
280280285301249253 Colombia
10010014729846 Egypt
50050044731526958 European Union
4004003246721 India
2,1001,9002,2001,7001,9001,100 Iran
350350376319278304 Israel
1,1001,1001,1971,1541,0971,294 Japan
700700759902759997 Jordan
200200502511412436 Kuwait
1,3001,3001,0851,3241,001681 Libya
500500358958276471 Morocco
8,0008,5008,40010,4008,2008,500 Saudi Arabia
1501502502020100 Syria
600600501696483456 Tunisia
500500291146332596 Turkey
400400400668393468 United Arab Emirates
1,0161,0161,3061,1531,5611,251 Others
26,64626,44628,17827,99728,40223,029 Subtotal
1391391,178-7621,262370 Unaccounted
350350217352430523 United States
27,13526,93529,57327,58730,09423,922 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
Production
3,2003,2003,3004,9402,9004,750 Argentina
8,0008,00012,9218,9938,6469,174 Australia
1,9001,9001,2531,8491,9881,674 Belarus
7,9007,9008,7848,2267,11910,237 Canada
1,8002,1001,7521,8701,8101,700 China
2,0702,0702,0501,9501,9531,908 Ethiopia
58,72858,68059,86062,09560,60959,674 European Union
1,7501,7401,4401,6131,8311,752 India
3,1003,1003,0003,0003,2002,800 Iran
1,3251,3251,5501,5501,000944 Iraq
3,3052,7003,2312,6752,4122,539 Kazakhstan
2,0002,0006203,4001,6382,723 Morocco
20,18320,20017,54717,08320,02615,389 Russia
6,4006,4004,7507,4004,0007,300 Turkey
8,6958,6959,8748,7519,4507,561 Ukraine
8,9198,9789,6769,4989,1799,469 Others
139,275138,988141,608144,893137,761139,594 Subtotal
3,0903,0904,3534,7503,9534,719 United States
142,365142,078145,961149,643141,714144,313 World Total
none
Total Consumption
1,8501,8502,0502,1502,0502,050 Algeria
2,8002,8003,5003,3003,0002,800 Australia
2,0002,0001,4001,8502,0001,800 Belarus
7,0007,0006,7626,9606,4717,718 Canada
9,1008,9009,8007,90011,6006,300 China
2,0752,0752,0251,9901,9751,925 Ethiopia
53,50053,50055,00051,37550,93753,400 European Union
2,0502,0501,9001,5201,4001,200 India
5,5005,3004,5005,0004,6004,500 Iran
2,3002,2002,2002,0002,0001,900 Kazakhstan
2,4502,4502,2003,3502,6382,300 Morocco
15,10015,10014,70013,70014,10012,700 Russia
8,8259,3259,82510,2258,5258,625 Saudi Arabia
6,5006,5005,5006,9005,3506,950 Turkey
4,1004,1004,9004,3005,5005,100 Ukraine
17,44817,54818,48618,60516,76017,039 Others
142,286142,284145,963143,221138,070136,143 Subtotal
4,2894,2904,3754,4084,2354,775 United States
146,575146,574150,338147,629142,305140,918 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
1,4781,4782,0281,4491,2171,950 Canada
5,1775,1295,6496,0605,8345,621 European Union
1,1181,1188181,1181,418618 Iran
7868038537411,522880 Russia
1,5291,5292,3444,0593,0743,389 Saudi Arabia
718718338961332899 Turkey
9379371,2371,6091,5652,071 Ukraine
4,8104,7546,4938,2337,7667,811 Others
16,55316,46619,76024,23022,72823,239 Subtotal
1,3131,3342,3162,2231,7111,791 United States
17,86617,80022,07626,45324,43925,030 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Feb
2017/18
Mar
2017/18
TY Imports none
640 North America 779 615 293 500 500
886 South America 1,169 1,157 1,252 1,115 1,115
58 European Union - 28 269 315 447 500 500
158 Other Europe 124 81 121 120 120
348 Former Soviet Union - 12 239 162 436 265 265
12,537 Middle East 12,399 14,798 13,503 12,775 12,475
2,432 North Africa 2,581 3,914 2,491 3,200 3,200
116 Sub-Saharan Africa 138 31 75 135 135
6,320 East Asia 11,080 7,136 9,413 7,710 8,210
11 South Asia 22 133 339 451 451
46 Oceania 32 7 25 25 25
23,552 Total 28,832 28,349 28,395 26,796 26,996
Production none
15,550 North America 11,918 13,711 14,115 11,725 11,725
5,743 South America 3,794 5,925 4,714 4,292 4,292
59,674 European Union - 28 60,609 62,095 59,860 58,680 58,728
1,228 Other Europe 1,241 1,258 1,333 1,286 1,286
29,145 Former Soviet Union - 12 35,637 32,633 34,110 35,623 36,211
12,043 Middle East 8,653 12,558 9,725 11,235 11,235
4,739 North Africa 3,913 5,275 2,203 3,676 3,676
2,349 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,423 2,482 2,604 2,550 2,550
1,991 East Asia 2,134 2,158 2,049 2,409 2,109
2,261 South Asia 2,340 2,118 1,963 2,262 2,257
9,590 Oceania 9,052 9,430 13,285 8,340 8,296
144,313 Total 141,714 149,643 145,961 142,078 142,365
Domestic Consumption none
13,243 North America 11,556 12,293 12,087 12,190 12,189
3,528 South America 3,398 3,633 3,674 3,365 3,365
53,400 European Union - 28 50,937 51,375 55,000 53,500 53,500
1,334 Other Europe 1,414 1,373 1,404 1,387 1,387
23,460 Former Soviet Union - 12 25,524 24,002 25,461 25,618 25,718
24,410 Middle East 22,186 26,775 24,368 24,936 24,636
6,282 North Africa 7,120 8,203 6,697 7,028 6,948
2,453 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,471 2,595 2,633 2,680 2,680
8,009 East Asia 13,162 9,481 11,441 10,486 10,686
1,713 South Asia 1,923 2,053 2,458 2,638 2,628
3,250 Oceania 3,450 3,750 3,900 3,160 3,150
141,082 Total 143,141 145,533 149,123 146,988 146,887
Ending Stocks none
3,974 North America 3,326 4,058 4,759 3,162 3,141
847 South America 772 1,040 542 454 434
5,621 European Union - 28 5,834 6,060 5,649 5,129 5,177
237 Other Europe 160 79 97 66 66
3,670 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,752 2,963 2,836 2,076 2,364
5,781 Middle East 5,508 6,755 4,131 3,785 3,785
2,505 North Africa 2,105 2,838 1,186 1,034 1,034
337 Sub-Saharan Africa 434 339 378 383 383
1,038 East Asia 1,090 904 925 806 558
247 South Asia 259 276 217 189 197
773 Oceania 1,199 1,141 1,356 716 727
25,030 Total 24,439 26,453 22,076 17,800 17,866
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Sorghum Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
TY Exports
600600457772954953 Argentina
3006005427171,701408 Australia
30303423911 China
202015257575 Ethiopia
5050247412288 India
1001001005010050 Nigeria
150150164120156229 Ukraine
100100243116199219 Others
1,3501,6501,5791,8973,3162,033 Subtotal
6,3006,7006,0907,8719,2695,714 United States
7,6508,3507,6699,76812,5857,747 World Total
none
TY Imports
1501504213498109 Chile
5,6006,3005,2098,28410,1624,161 China
50500640104 Colombia
150150194119131184 European Union
5505505616499031,003 Japan
10010013010511794 Kenya
20020054866129162 Mexico
80801001208661 South Africa
150150501987108 South Sudan
20020010020012075 Sudan
350350428593416652 Others
7,5808,2807,36210,94812,1496,713 Subtotal
2020263-1,2784091,031 Unaccounted
50504498273 United States
7,6508,3507,6699,76812,5857,747 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Sorghum Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
Production
3,5003,5003,4003,3753,5004,400 Argentina
1,3001,9001,0001,7912,2091,282 Australia
1,8061,8061,8651,0322,0551,890 Brazil
1,8001,8001,6801,4361,7081,880 Burkina
1,1501,1501,1501,1501,1501,260 Cameroon
1,1001,1001,4601,266922800 Chad
3,2003,8502,9852,7502,8852,892 China
3,7653,7653,6003,9004,3393,829 Ethiopia
4,6604,5004,5704,2385,4455,542 India
1,3001,3001,3941,5271,272820 Mali
4,7504,7504,7005,5876,2708,500 Mexico
1,7001,7001,8081,8771,4261,320 Niger
6,5506,5506,8875,6646,7415,300 Nigeria
4,5004,5005,8642,3886,2814,524 Sudan
800800800820883832 Tanzania
7,2407,2407,0587,4478,1767,509 Others
49,12150,21150,22146,24855,26252,580 Subtotal
9,2429,24212,19915,15810,9889,966 United States
58,36359,45362,42061,40666,25062,546 World Total
none
Total Consumption
2,9002,9003,0002,9002,8002,700 Argentina
8001,000675905505905 Australia
1,8001,8001,7001,1502,0002,000 Brazil
1,7601,7601,6401,4651,7001,900 Burkina
1,1501,1501,1801,1751,1751,275 Cameroon
1,1601,1601,4701,270930900 Chad
8,90010,2008,30011,00012,9006,800 China
3,8003,8003,7504,1004,1003,900 Ethiopia
4,6004,5004,5004,6005,1005,200 India
1,3501,3501,3941,5271,200950 Mali
4,9504,9505,3506,3006,6008,300 Mexico
1,8501,8501,9001,8201,4501,300 Niger
6,4506,4506,7875,5646,6915,258 Nigeria
8408407608301,050790 South Sudan
4,8004,8005,8143,1006,0004,600 Sudan
8,5128,5128,2368,9009,5189,046 Others
55,76457,14556,54056,15063,53856,929 Subtotal
3,3032,9226,2126,1872,4594,130 United States
59,06760,06762,75262,33765,99761,059 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
8528028529529711,202 Argentina
259200259234252177 Australia
21121121551194152 Brazil
447812577717706568 China
208148198151587364 India
190190190180130180 Nigeria
196196301226743357 Sudan
1,2831,2831,5251,8582,1792,113 Others
3,6463,8424,1174,3695,7625,113 Subtotal
617617850930468864 United States
4,2634,4594,9675,2996,2305,977 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Sorghum Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Feb
2017/18
Mar
2017/18
TY Imports none
165 North America 56 759 592 250 250
240 South America 114 212 48 235 235
184 European Union - 28 131 119 194 150 150
0 Other Europe 0 0 0 0 0
233 Middle East 24 34 45 30 30
41 North Africa 1 1 5 0 0
511 Sub-Saharan Africa 662 663 675 695 695
5,281 East Asia 11,142 9,011 5,823 6,905 6,205
46 Southeast Asia 14 16 17 15 15
15 Others 32 231 7 50 50
6,716 Total 12,176 11,046 7,406 8,330 7,630
Production none
18,466 North America 17,258 20,745 16,899 13,992 13,992
327 Central America 326 337 326 335 335
112 Caribbean 125 123 118 91 91
7,468 South America 6,967 5,682 6,179 6,428 6,428
703 European Union - 28 887 674 639 659 659
706 Middle East 821 697 695 625 625
767 North Africa 809 752 755 755 755
23,748 Sub-Saharan Africa 28,122 23,208 27,778 25,953 25,953
2,895 East Asia 2,887 2,752 2,987 3,852 3,202
5,661 South Asia 5,560 4,399 4,719 4,630 4,790
57 Southeast Asia 55 55 50 50 50
1,282 Oceania 2,209 1,791 1,000 1,900 1,300
354 Others 224 191 275 183 183
62,546 Total 66,250 61,406 62,420 59,453 58,363
Domestic Consumption none
12,430 North America 9,059 12,487 11,562 7,872 8,253
317 Central America 321 345 321 335 335
112 Caribbean 125 123 120 91 91
6,062 South America 6,362 5,409 5,743 6,016 6,016
880 European Union - 28 995 800 790 800 800
828 Middle East 976 740 742 660 660
813 North Africa 785 752 755 755 755
24,183 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,751 24,383 28,208 26,813 26,813
7,951 East Asia 13,882 11,733 8,917 10,807 9,507
5,334 South Asia 5,247 4,972 4,665 4,680 4,780
64 Southeast Asia 95 69 70 60 60
905 Oceania 505 905 675 1,000 800
75 Others 75 75 100 55 55
59,954 Total 66,178 62,793 62,668 59,944 58,925
Ending Stocks none
1,511 North America 806 1,216 1,034 801 801
21 Central America 26 13 13 8 8
1,548 South America 1,310 1,140 1,122 1,084 1,134
18 European Union - 28 27 16 31 35 35
27 Middle East 39 35 24 19 19
22 North Africa 47 48 53 53 53
1,586 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,302 1,609 1,545 1,210 1,210
627 East Asia 765 772 629 864 499
364 South Asia 587 151 198 148 208
177 Oceania 252 234 259 200 259
76 Others 69 65 59 37 37
5,977 Total 6,230 5,299 4,967 4,459 4,263
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Oats Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
TY Exports
550550455214264267 Australia
1,6001,8001,5571,6671,7341,732 Canada
303027268449 Chile
200200179220231291 European Union
101012506 Kazakhstan
10101416146 Russia
50501948466 Ukraine
1010681010 Others
2,4602,6602,2692,2042,3832,367 Subtotal
303044362529 United States
2,4902,6902,3132,2402,4082,396 World Total
none
TY Imports
252525312412 Algeria
556443 Bosnia and Herzegovina
101018111227 Canada
500500278172162116 China
551122 Colombia
303030382121 Ecuador
553943 European Union
505048504746 Japan
100100119778693 Mexico
5537438 Norway
5511411 Russia
550122 Serbia
303024314619 South Africa
505054414951 Switzerland
555040 Turkey
5596107 Others
835835634483478441 Subtotal
15515514022516289 Unaccounted
1,5001,7001,5391,5321,7681,866 United States
2,4902,6902,3132,2402,4082,396 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Oats Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
Production
110110110110110110 Algeria
660660785553525445 Argentina
1,1001,1002,1261,3001,1981,255 Australia
500500390492522352 Belarus
682682828351307380 Brazil
3,7003,7003,1953,4282,9793,906 Canada
670670713533421610 Chile
300190290265255235 China
8,0298,0738,0367,5247,8218,380 European Union
285270335244226305 Kazakhstan
909072859391 Mexico
300300330286283224 Norway
5,4415,4404,7504,5275,2674,932 Russia
210210210210210210 Turkey
481481510498610467 Ukraine
327328350320291319 Others
22,88522,80423,03020,72621,11822,221 Subtotal
7177179401,3001,019938 United States
23,60223,52123,97022,02622,13723,159 World Total
none
Total Consumption
135135132141126118 Algeria
690690760550525425 Argentina
8008001,5001,025950950 Australia
500500400500500375 Belarus
705705775345305375 Brazil
2,1001,9001,8141,6111,6761,660 Canada
660660655485355570 Chile
780660560420400350 China
7,8007,8008,0007,4007,7308,075 European Union
275275274245225275 Kazakhstan
190190195190175185 Mexico
320320315295295245 Norway
5,4005,4004,8004,6005,2004,900 Russia
215215210210215215 Turkey
450450450450600475 Ukraine
510510524482466492 Others
21,63321,34021,57019,10919,74519,905 Subtotal
2,6842,7122,5392,7022,4472,757 United States
24,31724,05224,10921,81122,19222,662 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
585830814393105 Australia
7007006909306731,054 Canada
707090622745 Chile
827262543720 China
613657579690770894 European Union
756075273334 Kazakhstan
183182147199289230 Russia
225225325217229245 Others
2,0062,0242,2762,3222,1512,627 Subtotal
286431731824780359 United States
2,2922,4553,0073,1462,9312,986 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Oats Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Feb
2017/18
Mar
2017/18
TY Imports none
1,986 North America 1,866 1,620 1,676 1,810 1,610
29 South America 30 45 36 40 40
3 European Union - 28 4 9 3 5 5
94 Other Europe 62 53 63 65 65
2 Former Soviet Union - 12 1 4 11 5 5
0 Middle East 4 0 5 5 5
12 North Africa 24 31 29 25 25
19 Sub-Saharan Africa 46 31 24 30 30
162 East Asia 209 222 326 550 550
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
2,307 Total 2,246 2,015 2,173 2,535 2,335
Production none
4,935 North America 4,091 4,813 4,207 4,507 4,507
1,478 South America 1,281 1,478 2,372 2,055 2,055
8,380 European Union - 28 7,821 7,524 8,036 8,073 8,029
359 Other Europe 411 418 464 423 423
6,062 Former Soviet Union - 12 6,631 5,767 5,991 6,697 6,713
210 Middle East 210 210 210 210 210
156 North Africa 147 166 175 175 175
59 Sub-Saharan Africa 55 55 55 55 55
237 East Asia 257 266 291 191 301
1,283 Oceania 1,233 1,329 2,169 1,135 1,134
23,159 Total 22,137 22,026 23,970 23,521 23,602
Domestic Consumption none
4,602 North America 4,298 4,503 4,548 4,802 4,974
1,447 South America 1,245 1,445 2,273 2,138 2,138
8,075 European Union - 28 7,730 7,400 8,000 7,800 7,800
435 Other Europe 479 484 506 506 506
6,031 Former Soviet Union - 12 6,531 5,801 5,930 6,631 6,631
215 Middle East 215 210 210 215 215
164 North Africa 163 197 201 200 200
95 Sub-Saharan Africa 94 87 85 85 85
400 East Asia 450 470 610 710 830
978 Oceania 985 1,054 1,540 835 835
22,442 Total 22,190 21,651 23,903 23,922 24,214
Ending Stocks none
1,417 North America 1,459 1,758 1,425 1,135 990
129 South America 102 141 241 158 158
894 European Union - 28 770 690 579 657 613
52 Other Europe 46 35 53 35 35
346 Former Soviet Union - 12 397 298 316 317 333
8 Middle East 6 6 6 6 6
1 North Africa 1 1 1 1 1
11 Sub-Saharan Africa 18 17 11 11 11
23 East Asia 39 57 64 75 85
105 Oceania 93 143 311 60 60
2,986 Total 2,931 3,146 3,007 2,455 2,292
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Rye Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
TY Exports
202082400 Belarus
1501501321128997 Canada
100100139160167201 European Union
5050292312183 Russia
101014211359 Ukraine
000011 Others
330330322340391441 Subtotal
554636 United States
335335326346394447 World Total
none
TY Imports
505016509696 European Union
15154121833 Israel
202024162237 Japan
554548 Korea, South
101042621 Norway
554555 Russia
552366 Switzerland
0031661 Others
11011061109163207 Subtotal
25259320-3136 Unaccounted
200200172217262204 United States
335335326346394447 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Rye Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Feb
2017/18
Mar
none
Production
828279619752 Argentina
800800651753867648 Belarus
320320415226218223 Canada
7,4847,5177,4937,8338,86410,151 European Union
2,5442,5402,5382,0843,2793,360 Russia
350350350350300365 Turkey
510510394394475638 Ukraine
164155145178176130 Others
12,25412,27412,06511,87914,27615,567 Subtotal
246246342295183194 United States
12,50012,52012,40712,17414,45915,761 World Total
none
Total Consumption
828279619752 Argentina
262625221919 Australia
800800700800850700 Belarus
160160169119134107 Canada
7,6007,6007,7008,0258,6009,650 European Union
353533376540 Kazakhstan
525223674635 Norway
2,6002,6002,4002,1503,2503,100 Russia
350350350350325350 Turkey
510510380420475625 Ukraine
1031039490108142 Others
12,33912,33911,97412,16313,97414,815 Subtotal
448448499515406424 United States
12,78712,78712,47312,67814,38015,239 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
30305099166149 Belarus
165165155514244 Canada
6516848171,0841,3861,204 European Union
16712448 Kazakhstan
185181286155264344 Russia
141414141433 Turkey
67677775106128 Ukraine
001234 Others
1,1281,1481,4121,4841,9851,914 Subtotal
15151812157 United States
1,1431,1631,4301,4962,0001,921 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Regional Rye Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Feb
2017/18
Mar
2017/18
TY Imports none
204 North America 262 217 172 200 200
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
96 European Union - 28 96 50 16 50 50
28 Other Europe 12 5 6 15 15
5 Former Soviet Union - 12 5 21 7 5 5
33 Middle East 24 12 4 15 15
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
45 East Asia 26 21 28 25 25
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
411 Total 425 326 233 310 310
Production none
417 North America 401 521 757 566 566
59 South America 106 69 91 94 94
10,151 European Union - 28 8,864 7,833 7,493 7,517 7,484
57 Other Europe 83 108 64 84 84
4,689 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,682 3,268 3,624 3,880 3,893
365 Middle East 300 350 350 350 350
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
0 East Asia 0 0 0 0 0
20 Oceania 20 22 25 26 26
15,761 Total 14,459 12,174 12,407 12,520 12,500
Domestic Consumption none
531 North America 540 634 668 608 608
59 South America 106 69 91 94 94
9,650 European Union - 28 8,600 8,025 7,700 7,600 7,600
86 Other Europe 97 112 69 99 99
4,465 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,640 3,407 3,513 3,945 3,945
383 Middle East 343 362 354 365 365
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
48 East Asia 27 22 29 26 26
19 Oceania 19 22 25 26 26
15,244 Total 14,375 12,656 12,452 12,766 12,766
Ending Stocks none
51 North America 57 63 173 180 180
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
1,204 European Union - 28 1,386 1,084 817 684 651
0 Other Europe 0 0 0 0 0
629 Former Soviet Union - 12 540 333 425 285 298
33 Middle East 14 14 14 14 14
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
4 East Asia 3 2 1 0 0
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
1,921 Total 2,000 1,496 1,430 1,163 1,143
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
36
HISTORICAL DATA SERIES FOR
SELECTED REGIONS AND
COUNTRIES
CONTENTS
European Union: Grain Supply and Demand ............................................... 37
China: Grain Supply and Demand ................................................................ 38
Other Europe: Grain Supply and Demand .................................................... 39
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand ........................................ 40
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ................................ 44
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ................................... 46
Barley Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ................................ 48
Sorghum Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ............................ 49
U.S. Grains: Supply and Distribution……………………………. .... ……..50
Total Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand ................................. 51
World Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand ............................... 52
World Corn and Barley: Supply and Demand .............................................. 53
World Rice: Supply and Demand ................................................................. 54
DG F/SA &F
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
European Union: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
125.7 126.260.213.95.25.124.7 2006/07 14.8
120.8 117.252.412.46.84.924.9 2007/08 12.8
151.9 127.660.525.47.75.726.8 2008/09 19.4
139.7 125.657.522.35.45.426.0 2009/10 16.6
136.7 122.852.523.14.65.326.0 2010/11 11.9
138.2 127.257.516.77.45.325.8 2011/12 13.5
133.9 119.351.022.85.35.226.0 2012/13 10.7
144.6 117.349.032.04.05.625.9 2013/14 9.9
156.9 124.755.035.56.05.926.7 2014/15 12.7
160.5 129.959.034.76.96.026.8 2015/16 15.6
145.2 128.056.027.35.35.327.3 2016/17 10.8
151.6 128.857.025.05.55.726.4 2017/18 14.1
Coarse Grains
140.3 150.9112.94.58.14.332.4 2006/07 15.7
138.8 157.2121.64.520.34.232.7 2007/08 13.1
165.2 154.5116.15.73.14.834.1 2008/09 21.3
158.0 152.8114.83.02.94.833.0 2009/10 26.3
143.2 155.0116.96.28.54.730.2 2010/11 16.9
150.1 151.7113.26.57.05.030.2 2011/12 15.7
146.2 153.3113.77.411.84.631.4 2012/13 13.1
159.2 164.4122.48.616.35.131.5 2013/14 15.6
170.7 162.6121.614.09.25.530.8 2014/15 18.9
152.7 157.3117.113.114.35.130.2 2015/16 15.5
152.6 160.7120.18.115.85.229.4 2016/17 15.1
151.6 161.0120.48.516.95.129.5 2017/18 14.2
Wheat and Coarse Grains
265.9 277.1173.118.513.24.757.1 2006/07 30.5
259.6 274.3174.116.927.14.557.5 2007/08 25.9
317.2 282.1176.631.110.85.260.9 2008/09 40.7
297.7 278.4172.325.38.25.059.0 2009/10 42.9
279.9 277.8169.429.313.15.056.3 2010/11 28.8
288.3 278.9170.723.314.35.156.1 2011/12 29.3
280.1 272.6164.730.217.14.957.4 2012/13 23.8
303.8 281.7171.440.720.35.357.4 2013/14 25.5
327.6 287.3176.649.415.25.757.5 2014/15 31.6
313.1 287.1176.147.821.25.557.0 2015/16 31.0
297.8 288.7176.135.421.15.356.7 2016/17 25.9
303.2 289.8177.433.522.45.455.9 2017/18 28.3
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
China: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
108.5 102.04.02.80.44.623.6 2006/07 38.6
109.3 106.08.02.80.04.623.7 2007/08 39.1
112.5 105.58.00.70.54.823.6 2008/09 45.8
115.1 107.010.00.91.44.724.3 2009/10 54.4
115.2 110.513.00.90.94.724.3 2010/11 59.1
117.4 122.524.01.02.94.824.3 2011/12 55.9
121.0 125.025.01.03.05.024.3 2012/13 54.0
121.9 116.516.00.96.85.124.1 2013/14 65.3
126.2 116.516.00.81.95.224.1 2014/15 76.1
130.2 112.010.50.73.55.424.1 2015/16 97.0
128.8 118.516.50.74.45.324.2 2016/17 111.0
129.8 117.013.51.04.05.424.0 2017/18 126.8
Coarse Grains
158.8 153.2104.75.51.25.131.1 2006/07 38.0
158.8 157.6106.40.91.25.031.8 2007/08 39.5
172.1 160.9108.80.21.75.332.2 2008/09 52.1
169.4 172.9118.80.23.85.133.4 2009/10 52.2
183.5 188.1128.40.22.75.334.6 2010/11 50.1
198.3 195.9131.70.17.95.635.5 2011/12 60.3
211.8 209.3145.70.15.65.737.1 2012/13 68.3
225.1 223.2157.40.012.45.938.3 2013/14 82.5
222.4 228.7158.40.025.75.739.2 2014/15 101.9
231.5 238.8166.50.017.55.840.2 2015/16 112.1
226.9 252.9173.90.116.15.838.9 2016/17 101.9
223.4 262.0179.10.117.15.937.6 2017/18 80.4
Wheat and Coarse Grains
267.2 255.2108.78.21.54.954.7 2006/07 76.5
268.1 263.6114.43.71.24.855.5 2007/08 78.5
284.6 266.4116.80.92.15.155.8 2008/09 97.9
284.5 279.9128.81.15.24.957.6 2009/10 106.6
298.6 298.6141.41.13.65.158.9 2010/11 109.2
315.7 318.4155.71.110.95.359.8 2011/12 116.2
332.9 334.3170.71.18.65.461.3 2012/13 122.2
347.0 339.7173.40.919.25.662.4 2013/14 147.8
348.6 345.2174.40.827.65.563.2 2014/15 178.0
361.7 350.8177.00.821.05.664.3 2015/16 209.1
355.7 371.4190.40.920.55.663.1 2016/17 213.0
353.2 379.0192.61.121.15.761.6 2017/18 207.2
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Other Europe: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
3.5 4.60.70.31.53.71.0 2006/07 1.2
3.7 4.81.00.51.93.81.0 2007/08 1.5
4.0 5.11.20.41.74.40.9 2008/09 1.7
3.8 4.91.00.51.73.91.0 2009/10 1.7
3.2 4.70.80.61.73.70.9 2010/11 1.3
3.6 4.91.00.51.94.20.9 2011/12 1.4
3.4 4.71.00.71.64.00.9 2012/13 1.1
4.2 4.91.21.31.94.60.9 2013/14 1.0
4.1 4.91.20.71.84.11.0 2014/15 1.3
4.4 4.91.21.01.84.70.9 2015/16 1.6
4.7 5.01.31.32.04.81.0 2016/17 2.0
4.2 5.01.31.31.94.60.9 2017/18 1.7
Coarse Grains
9.8 9.68.50.90.84.92.0 2006/07 1.3
6.9 7.96.80.10.93.42.0 2007/08 1.1
9.7 8.77.61.50.64.62.1 2008/09 1.1
9.7 8.77.51.40.74.92.0 2009/10 1.4
10.0 8.77.32.00.75.02.0 2010/11 1.4
9.5 8.47.02.30.84.62.0 2011/12 1.0
6.6 7.15.90.60.83.22.1 2012/13 0.6
9.0 7.86.41.90.94.52.0 2013/14 0.8
10.9 8.37.03.10.86.01.8 2014/15 1.1
9.3 8.67.21.60.85.11.8 2015/16 1.0
11.3 8.97.62.50.76.31.8 2016/17 1.6
7.3 8.06.70.80.94.11.8 2017/18 1.0
Wheat and Coarse Grains
13.3 14.29.21.22.34.53.0 2006/07 2.6
10.6 12.67.80.62.73.53.0 2007/08 2.6
13.7 13.88.81.92.34.63.0 2008/09 2.9
13.5 13.78.51.92.44.53.0 2009/10 3.2
13.2 13.48.12.62.44.62.9 2010/11 2.7
13.1 13.38.12.82.74.52.9 2011/12 2.4
10.0 11.87.01.32.43.42.9 2012/13 1.7
13.2 12.77.63.12.74.52.9 2013/14 1.8
15.0 13.28.13.72.55.32.8 2014/15 2.4
13.6 13.58.42.62.65.02.7 2015/16 2.6
16.1 14.08.83.82.75.82.8 2016/17 3.6
11.6 13.17.92.02.74.32.7 2017/18 2.8
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
115.0 80.028.439.78.02.349.7 2011/12 26.6
77.8 71.721.625.47.31.844.1 2012/13 14.5
103.8 72.822.737.37.52.247.7 2013/14 15.8
112.4 75.024.540.27.72.446.6 2014/15 20.7
118.0 77.826.751.57.42.448.9 2015/16 16.8
130.5 79.128.054.47.42.650.6 2016/17 21.1
142.7 84.132.663.48.12.850.5 2017/18 24.5
Coarse Grains
78.6 53.938.024.61.12.927.0 2011/12 6.3
68.3 49.634.919.80.82.527.5 2012/13 6.0
87.9 56.440.730.90.83.029.4 2013/14 7.4
91.8 58.342.433.90.83.030.3 2014/15 7.9
82.6 53.438.331.30.52.928.0 2015/16 6.2
92.1 56.040.736.60.83.327.9 2016/17 6.6
89.5 54.739.736.80.73.227.6 2017/18 5.3
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Wheat)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
13.0 6.82.05.50.61.111.9 2014/15 3.3
13.7 6.92.17.60.11.211.6 2015/16 2.6
15.0 6.92.17.40.11.212.4 2016/17 3.4
14.8 6.92.17.50.11.211.9 2017/18 3.8
Russia
59.1 35.513.022.80.32.523.6 2014/15 6.3
61.0 37.014.025.50.82.425.6 2015/16 5.6
72.5 40.017.027.80.52.727.0 2016/17 10.8
85.0 45.021.537.50.53.127.3 2017/18 13.8
Ukraine
24.8 11.54.011.30.03.96.3 2014/15 5.7
27.3 12.25.117.40.03.87.1 2015/16 3.3
26.8 10.33.618.10.04.16.5 2016/17 1.8
27.0 9.93.517.20.04.16.6 2017/18 1.7
Uzbekistan
7.2 8.92.20.22.25.11.4 2014/15 2.2
7.2 9.42.30.22.75.11.4 2015/16 2.5
7.2 9.72.40.22.75.11.4 2016/17 2.5
7.2 9.92.50.22.85.11.4 2017/18 2.4
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
8.4 12.33.30.44.52.53.3 2014/15 3.2
8.7 12.33.30.73.82.73.2 2015/16 2.7
9.0 12.22.90.94.02.73.4 2016/17 2.6
8.8 12.43.01.04.72.73.3 2017/18 2.8
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
112.4 75.024.540.27.72.446.6 2014/15 20.7
118.0 77.826.751.57.42.448.9 2015/16 16.8
130.5 79.128.054.47.42.650.6 2016/17 21.1
142.7 84.132.663.48.12.850.5 2017/18 24.5
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Barley)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
2.4 2.01.70.50.01.31.9 2014/15 0.3
2.7 2.01.70.80.01.32.0 2015/16 0.1
3.2 2.21.90.80.01.71.9 2016/17 0.4
3.3 2.32.01.00.01.62.1 2017/18 0.4
Russia
20.0 14.19.45.30.12.38.8 2014/15 1.5
17.1 13.79.04.20.12.18.0 2015/16 0.7
17.5 14.710.02.90.22.28.0 2016/17 0.9
20.2 15.110.45.20.12.67.9 2017/18 0.8
Ukraine
9.5 5.54.04.50.03.03.2 2014/15 1.6
8.8 4.32.84.40.02.93.0 2015/16 1.6
9.9 4.93.55.40.03.23.0 2016/17 1.2
8.7 4.12.84.90.03.32.7 2017/18 0.9
Uzbekistan
0.2 0.30.20.00.13.20.1 2014/15 0.0
0.2 0.30.20.00.03.20.1 2015/16 0.0
0.2 0.30.20.00.13.20.1 2016/17 0.0
0.2 0.30.30.00.13.20.1 2017/18 0.0
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
3.5 3.62.80.10.22.61.3 2014/15 0.4
3.9 3.72.90.10.02.91.3 2015/16 0.5
3.2 3.42.50.10.12.61.3 2016/17 0.3
3.8 3.93.10.10.22.81.3 2017/18 0.2
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
35.6 25.518.110.40.32.315.3 2014/15 3.8
32.6 24.016.69.60.12.314.5 2015/16 3.0
34.1 25.518.29.20.42.414.2 2016/17 2.8
36.2 25.718.511.20.32.614.0 2017/18 2.4
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Corn)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
0.7 0.60.50.00.05.30.1 2014/15 0.1
0.7 0.70.60.00.05.30.1 2015/16 0.2
0.8 0.70.60.00.05.60.1 2016/17 0.2
0.8 0.80.70.10.05.70.1 2017/18 0.1
Russia
11.3 8.17.23.20.04.42.6 2014/15 0.7
13.2 8.77.84.70.04.92.7 2015/16 0.6
15.3 9.68.75.60.15.52.8 2016/17 0.7
13.2 8.77.84.80.14.92.7 2017/18 0.5
Ukraine
28.5 8.67.219.70.06.24.6 2014/15 1.5
23.3 6.95.516.60.05.74.1 2015/16 1.4
28.0 6.55.121.30.06.64.2 2016/17 1.5
24.1 4.83.520.00.05.44.4 2017/18 0.9
Uzbekistan
0.1 0.20.10.00.03.40.0 2014/15 0.0
0.1 0.20.10.00.03.40.0 2015/16 0.0
0.1 0.10.10.00.03.40.0 2016/17 0.0
0.1 0.10.10.00.03.40.0 2017/18 0.0
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
3.4 3.43.10.30.43.70.9 2014/15 0.8
2.5 2.92.60.20.32.90.9 2015/16 0.5
3.1 3.12.80.20.23.60.9 2016/17 0.5
3.8 3.53.20.40.34.10.9 2017/18 0.7
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
44.0 20.818.123.20.55.38.3 2014/15 3.2
39.9 19.316.621.50.45.17.8 2015/16 2.6
47.3 20.117.327.20.35.98.1 2016/17 3.0
42.0 18.015.325.30.45.18.2 2017/18 2.2
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Wheat Competitors
Argentina
10.5 6.10.12.30.03.03.5 2013/14 2.5
13.9 6.40.35.30.02.85.0 2014/15 4.8
11.3 5.70.29.60.02.93.9 2015/16 0.8
18.4 5.20.113.80.03.35.6 2016/17 0.2
18.0 5.50.112.50.03.25.6 2017/18 0.3
Australia
25.3 7.03.618.60.22.012.6 2013/14 4.6
23.7 7.23.816.60.21.912.4 2014/15 4.7
22.3 7.13.716.10.22.011.3 2015/16 3.9
30.4 7.43.922.60.12.611.7 2016/17 4.4
21.5 6.83.416.00.21.812.3 2017/18 3.2
Canada
37.5 9.44.223.30.43.610.4 2013/14 10.4
29.4 9.14.024.20.53.19.5 2014/15 7.1
27.6 7.92.822.10.52.99.6 2015/16 5.2
31.7 10.45.420.20.53.68.9 2016/17 6.8
30.0 8.73.522.50.53.39.0 2017/18 6.1
European Union
144.6 117.349.032.04.05.625.9 2013/14 9.9
156.9 124.755.035.56.05.926.7 2014/15 12.7
160.5 129.959.034.76.96.026.8 2015/16 15.6
145.2 128.056.027.35.35.327.3 2016/17 10.8
151.6 128.857.025.05.55.726.4 2017/18 14.1
Kazakhstan
13.9 6.82.08.10.01.113.0 2013/14 2.0
13.0 6.82.05.50.61.111.9 2014/15 3.3
13.7 6.92.17.60.11.211.6 2015/16 2.6
15.0 6.92.17.40.11.212.4 2016/17 3.4
14.8 6.92.17.50.11.211.9 2017/18 3.8
Russia
52.1 34.112.518.60.92.223.4 2013/14 5.2
59.1 35.513.022.80.32.523.6 2014/15 6.3
61.0 37.014.025.50.82.425.6 2015/16 5.6
72.5 40.017.027.80.52.727.0 2016/17 10.8
85.0 45.021.537.50.53.127.3 2017/18 13.8
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters (Continued)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Ukraine
22.3 11.53.49.80.13.46.6 2013/14 3.7
24.8 11.54.011.30.03.96.3 2014/15 5.7
27.3 12.25.117.40.03.87.1 2015/16 3.3
26.8 10.33.618.10.04.16.5 2016/17 1.8
27.0 9.93.517.20.04.16.6 2017/18 1.7
Total Wheat Competitors
306.2 192.174.8112.65.53.295.4 2013/14 38.3
320.8 201.182.1121.17.73.495.4 2014/15 44.5
323.7 206.786.9133.18.53.495.9 2015/16 37.0
340.0 208.188.1137.36.63.499.3 2016/17 38.2
347.9 211.691.1138.26.73.599.1 2017/18 43.0
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Argentina
25.0 6.95.016.50.08.33.0 2009/10 2.5
25.2 7.35.316.30.06.73.8 2010/11 4.0
21.0 7.04.817.10.05.83.6 2011/12 0.9
27.0 7.95.318.70.06.84.0 2012/13 1.3
26.0 8.85.817.10.07.63.4 2013/14 1.4
29.8 9.36.019.00.08.53.5 2014/15 2.9
29.5 9.36.021.60.08.03.7 2015/16 1.5
41.0 11.27.525.50.08.44.9 2016/17 5.8
36.0 11.57.525.00.06.95.2 2017/18 5.3
Brazil
56.1 48.541.511.60.44.312.9 2009/10 6.5
57.4 50.043.08.40.84.213.8 2010/11 6.3
73.0 51.544.024.30.84.815.2 2011/12 4.2
81.5 52.544.524.90.95.215.8 2012/13 9.2
80.0 55.046.021.00.85.115.8 2013/14 14.0
85.0 57.048.034.50.35.415.8 2014/15 7.8
67.0 57.549.014.03.44.216.0 2015/16 6.8
98.5 60.551.031.71.05.617.6 2016/17 14.0
94.5 62.553.035.00.45.417.6 2017/18 11.4
China
164.0 165.0118.00.21.35.331.2 2009/10 51.3
177.2 180.0128.00.11.05.532.5 2010/11 49.4
192.8 188.0131.00.15.25.733.5 2011/12 59.3
205.6 200.0144.00.12.75.935.0 2012/13 67.6
218.5 208.0150.00.03.36.036.3 2013/14 81.3
215.6 202.0140.00.05.55.837.1 2014/15 100.5
224.6 217.5153.50.03.25.938.1 2015/16 110.8
219.6 232.0162.00.12.56.036.8 2016/17 100.7
215.9 241.0167.00.14.06.135.4 2017/18 79.6
South Africa
13.4 10.64.92.10.04.13.3 2009/10 2.8
10.9 10.75.02.40.43.82.9 2010/11 1.0
12.8 10.75.01.80.04.13.1 2011/12 1.3
12.4 11.05.12.10.13.83.2 2012/13 0.7
14.9 11.55.52.00.14.93.1 2013/14 2.2
10.6 11.76.20.72.03.53.0 2014/15 2.4
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters (Continued)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
8.2 11.05.70.82.23.72.2 2015/16 1.1
17.5 13.17.12.50.15.83.0 2016/17 3.0
13.0 12.26.31.70.14.82.7 2017/18 2.2
Total Corn Competitors
258.5 231.0169.430.31.75.150.4 2009/10 63.1
270.8 248.0181.327.32.25.152.9 2010/11 60.8
299.5 257.2184.843.46.05.455.5 2011/12 65.7
326.5 271.4198.945.83.75.658.1 2012/13 78.7
339.4 283.3207.340.04.15.858.6 2013/14 98.9
341.0 280.0200.254.17.85.759.4 2014/15 113.7
329.3 295.3214.236.58.85.560.0 2015/16 120.1
376.5 316.8227.659.83.56.062.3 2016/17 123.5
359.4 327.2233.861.84.55.960.9 2017/18 98.4
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Barley Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Australia
7.9 4.53.33.90.01.84.4 2009/10 1.9
8.0 4.23.04.70.02.23.7 2010/11 1.0
8.2 3.32.15.40.02.23.7 2011/12 0.5
7.5 3.01.84.50.02.13.6 2012/13 0.5
9.2 2.81.56.20.02.43.8 2013/14 0.7
8.6 3.01.75.20.02.14.1 2014/15 1.1
9.0 3.32.05.70.02.24.1 2015/16 1.1
12.9 3.52.29.20.02.84.6 2016/17 1.3
8.0 2.81.55.80.02.13.9 2017/18 0.7
Canada
9.5 8.77.51.30.03.32.9 2009/10 2.5
7.6 7.56.31.20.03.22.4 2010/11 1.5
7.9 6.95.71.30.03.32.4 2011/12 1.2
8.0 6.85.71.40.02.92.8 2012/13 1.0
10.2 7.76.51.60.03.92.7 2013/14 2.0
7.1 6.55.31.50.13.32.1 2014/15 1.2
8.2 7.05.81.20.23.52.4 2015/16 1.4
8.8 6.85.51.50.14.02.2 2016/17 2.0
7.9 7.05.81.50.13.82.1 2017/18 1.5
European Union
62.4 56.841.71.10.14.514.0 2009/10 15.6
53.7 56.641.34.90.24.312.5 2010/11 7.9
51.9 51.235.83.00.54.311.9 2011/12 6.1
54.9 51.035.55.00.14.412.5 2012/13 5.0
59.7 53.438.05.70.04.812.4 2013/14 5.6
60.6 50.935.79.50.14.912.4 2014/15 5.8
62.1 51.436.510.80.35.112.2 2015/16 6.1
59.9 55.040.15.70.44.912.3 2016/17 5.6
58.7 53.538.66.20.54.812.3 2017/18 5.2
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Sorghum Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Argentina
3.6 1.91.71.80.04.80.8 2009/10 0.2
4.4 1.91.71.70.04.41.0 2010/11 0.9
4.2 1.91.73.10.04.21.0 2011/12 0.2
4.7 2.32.01.80.04.51.1 2012/13 0.8
4.4 2.72.31.30.04.41.0 2013/14 1.2
3.5 2.82.40.90.04.50.8 2014/15 1.0
3.4 2.92.50.50.04.50.8 2015/16 1.0
3.4 3.02.60.50.04.90.7 2016/17 0.9
3.5 2.92.50.60.04.60.8 2017/18 0.9
Australia
1.5 1.21.20.30.03.00.5 2009/10 0.7
1.9 1.41.40.90.03.10.6 2010/11 0.4
2.2 1.11.11.30.03.40.7 2011/12 0.2
2.2 1.11.11.20.03.40.6 2012/13 0.2
1.3 0.90.90.40.02.40.5 2013/14 0.2
2.2 0.50.51.60.03.00.7 2014/15 0.3
1.8 0.90.90.90.03.40.5 2015/16 0.2
1.0 0.70.50.30.02.70.4 2016/17 0.3
1.3 0.80.60.50.02.60.5 2017/18 0.3
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
U.S. Grains Supply and Distribution: Wheat, Corn, Sorghum, Barley, Oats, Rye, and Rice
Thousand Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Rough
Production
Production Imports TY Imports Exports TY Exports Feed Dom.
Consumption
Domestic
Consumption
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
26,55231,9424,06521,81121,1683,0543,06856,117nr319,149 2015/16
32,13131,7534,25929,48828,7163,2973,21562,833nr417,746 2016/17
28,14630,4002,72224,50025,1744,2004,21847,371nr315,211 2017/18
Corn
44,123298,785129,90951,15648,2881,7821,716345,506nr1132,680 2015/16
58,253313,854139,03355,53558,2421,4501,448384,778nr1135,106 2016/17
54,038319,927140,97656,00056,5181,3001,270370,960nr1133,469 2017/18
Sorghum
9306,1872,7077,8718,6269811715,158nr53,177 2015/16
8506,2123,3026,0906,111444412,199nr52,494 2016/17
6173,3032,0326,3006,22350519,242nr52,042 2017/18
Barley
2,2234,4089661612353524054,750nr41,278 2015/16
2,3164,375847125952172104,353nr41,038 2016/17
1,3134,2897621301313503273,090nr4791 2017/18
Oats
8242,7021,59136291,5321,4751,300nr3516 2015/16
7312,5391,43444501,5391,556940nr2397 2016/17
2862,6841,55130291,5001,551717nr2324 2017/18
Rye
1251519565217222295nr2148 2015/16
1849915944172167342nr2168 2016/17
154489955200204246nr2116 2017/18
Rice, Milled
1,4753,580nr3,3733,3967687666,1338,76181,046 2015/16
1,4624,171nr3,3843,7047877457,11710,16781,253 2016/17
9263,811nr3,3003,1757757915,6598,0848961 2017/18
Notes: Wheat Trade Year (TY) statistics are on July/June years. Barley, corn, sorghum, rye and oats Trade Year (TY)
statistics are on Oct/Sept years. Rice Trade Year (TY) statistics are for the subsequent calendar year; 'Imports' and
'Exports' columns contain data on the local marketing year: wheat, barley, oats and rye are June/May; corn and
sorghum are Sept/Aug; rice is Aug/July.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
Total Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
TY
Exports
Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat and Coarse Grains
1,218.0 338.81,301.7619.4203.32.2541.8 1988/89
1,327.1 320.01,345.9644.3208.92.4548.0 1989/90
1,417.5 368.01,369.5669.8190.12.6545.5 1990/91
1,355.5 357.61,365.9653.4207.52.5543.2 1991/92
1,431.7 398.11,388.4664.2205.22.6545.8 1992/93
1,356.4 365.41,389.1657.1188.22.5535.9 1993/94
1,393.0 362.41,395.9670.6200.12.6534.1 1994/95
1,338.9 319.51,381.8641.8187.52.5527.2 1995/96
1,490.2 367.91,441.9674.8198.32.7545.7 1996/97
1,490.8 415.11,443.5685.8190.42.8535.1 1997/98
1,481.4 447.81,448.6685.4198.72.8520.3 1998/99
1,465.5 442.91,469.9690.3214.02.9506.1 1999/00
1,446.2 418.11,470.9699.1204.82.8509.1 2000/01
1,479.8 402.51,495.4713.4208.32.9511.5 2001/02
1,444.9 341.41,506.0711.4209.22.9504.1 2002/03
1,473.3 279.01,535.7718.0205.82.9511.1 2003/04
1,642.7 335.61,586.1756.2214.43.2514.7 2004/05
1,598.4 318.01,616.1757.9222.53.1520.4 2005/06
1,585.1 272.61,630.5749.5229.93.1518.2 2006/07
1,694.9 289.11,678.4764.2244.73.2535.0 2007/08
1,795.8 360.31,724.6773.9253.53.3539.1 2008/09
1,802.5 396.31,766.5783.9254.13.4531.7 2009/10
1,748.6 359.51,785.4775.4249.83.3522.5 2010/11
1,854.3 361.01,852.8809.3287.03.5536.4 2011/12
1,793.9 342.61,812.3808.6279.63.4532.5 2012/13
1,998.5 406.51,934.6864.6327.83.7545.5 2013/14
2,040.6 465.11,982.0887.3335.83.7547.6 2014/15
1,995.6 494.11,966.7903.7356.93.7546.5 2015/16
2,115.2 517.02,092.3946.0363.83.9547.1 2016/17
2,080.8 494.92,102.8963.3373.63.9540.0 2017/18
Notes: Wheat and coarse grains trade data are on July/June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to
the present, coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
TY
Exports
Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
537.5 155.8545.696.999.22.5216.7 1995/96
581.3 164.4572.7101.4104.02.6227.1 1996/97
610.2 197.9576.7106.2104.52.7226.4 1997/98
590.5 209.3579.1109.4102.02.7219.2 1998/99
587.5 209.1587.7104.6111.92.8212.6 1999/00
582.8 206.1585.8109.8102.02.7215.3 2000/01
583.9 203.3586.6111.9107.92.7214.2 2001/02
569.7 169.1603.9116.1106.52.7213.4 2002/03
555.7 135.9588.9101.7103.52.7207.9 2003/04
626.7 156.4606.2110.7113.22.9215.7 2004/05
618.8 153.3622.0117.7114.12.8217.5 2005/06
596.7 133.5616.5113.1115.32.8212.3 2006/07
611.9 128.2617.2105.0116.02.8216.9 2007/08
684.2 169.4643.0123.9143.23.1224.1 2008/09
687.3 203.8652.9122.2135.33.0225.6 2009/10
649.6 199.2654.2116.6134.03.0216.9 2010/11
697.3 199.2697.3148.6153.63.2221.0 2011/12
658.8 178.0679.9138.3147.23.1215.9 2012/13
715.1 194.9698.3126.7162.53.3219.7 2013/14
728.2 217.9705.1131.7161.93.3221.7 2014/15
735.2 241.5711.6136.5172.03.3223.7 2015/16
750.5 252.6739.4147.1182.23.4221.8 2016/17
758.8 268.9742.5144.6184.43.5219.7 2017/18
Coarse Grains
801.4 163.7836.2544.988.32.6310.5 1995/96
909.0 203.5869.2573.494.32.9318.6 1996/97
880.6 217.2866.9579.685.82.9308.8 1997/98
890.9 238.5869.5575.996.73.0301.2 1998/99
878.0 233.8882.2585.7102.13.0293.4 1999/00
863.4 212.1885.1589.2102.82.9293.8 2000/01
895.9 199.2908.8601.4100.43.0297.3 2001/02
875.2 172.3902.2595.2102.73.0290.7 2002/03
917.7 143.1946.8616.3102.33.0303.2 2003/04
1,016.0 179.2979.8645.5101.23.4299.0 2004/05
979.6 164.7994.1640.2108.43.2302.9 2005/06
988.4 139.11,014.0636.4114.53.2305.9 2006/07
1,083.0 160.91,061.3659.2128.73.4318.1 2007/08
1,111.6 190.81,081.6650.1110.43.5314.9 2008/09
1,115.2 192.51,113.6661.8118.83.6306.1 2009/10
1,099.0 160.31,131.2658.8115.83.6305.6 2010/11
1,157.0 161.81,155.5660.7133.33.7315.4 2011/12
1,135.1 164.61,132.3670.3132.43.6316.6 2012/13
1,283.4 211.61,236.3738.0165.33.9325.9 2013/14
1,312.5 247.21,276.9755.6173.94.0325.9 2014/15
1,260.4 252.61,255.1767.2184.93.9322.8 2015/16
1,364.7 264.41,352.9798.9181.64.2325.3 2016/17
1,322.0 226.01,360.3818.7189.24.1320.3 2017/18
Notes: Wheat and coarse grains trade data are on July/June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to
the present, coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Corn and Barley: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
TY
Exports
Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Corn
516.7 133.3536.8365.264.83.8135.0 1995/96
592.9 166.3559.9387.866.64.2141.5 1996/97
574.2 167.2573.3400.663.14.2136.2 1997/98
605.8 191.4581.7404.368.74.4138.9 1998/99
608.1 194.4605.0422.472.04.4138.8 1999/00
591.5 175.1610.8427.375.94.3137.0 2000/01
601.8 151.4625.5436.372.74.4137.1 2001/02
604.1 126.9628.6433.376.84.4137.7 2002/03
627.8 104.7650.0445.879.04.4141.6 2003/04
716.9 131.1690.6476.076.04.9145.3 2004/05
700.2 123.4707.8479.682.54.8145.1 2005/06
715.6 108.8730.2480.091.34.8149.6 2006/07
795.7 127.7776.8500.998.25.0160.2 2007/08
800.2 143.2784.7482.883.65.1158.0 2008/09
824.8 140.9827.2493.892.75.3157.0 2009/10
836.3 122.6854.6506.191.75.1164.0 2010/11
891.5 128.2885.8509.8103.75.2172.7 2011/12
874.3 132.9869.5521.3100.74.9179.6 2012/13
996.2 174.3954.8574.9130.85.4182.8 2013/14
1,023.4 209.8987.9587.3128.45.6182.2 2014/15
973.5 215.0968.2601.8144.95.4180.9 2015/16
1,075.2 231.91,058.4631.7141.75.8186.0 2016/17
1,041.7 199.21,074.4653.8151.65.7184.3 2017/18
Barley
141.2 20.5150.7107.813.42.166.4 1995/96
153.1 24.1149.5106.317.92.464.2 1996/97
153.9 32.2145.8104.112.82.463.8 1997/98
136.0 29.0139.299.517.82.456.7 1998/99
127.4 23.9132.594.017.82.452.1 1999/00
133.0 22.6134.394.616.32.553.0 2000/01
143.5 29.2136.995.517.22.655.7 2001/02
134.2 27.6135.894.716.32.554.7 2002/03
142.9 23.5147.0103.314.82.458.4 2003/04
152.3 33.1142.7100.217.02.757.4 2004/05
136.2 28.3141.097.417.42.555.2 2005/06
136.7 21.5143.598.414.62.456.3 2006/07
132.7 20.5133.691.018.52.455.7 2007/08
154.9 32.3143.199.718.22.855.0 2008/09
150.9 37.2146.1102.317.32.854.1 2009/10
123.0 24.3135.891.015.22.647.1 2010/11
133.5 22.5135.392.221.42.749.2 2011/12
129.0 21.6129.987.622.22.650.2 2012/13
144.3 25.0140.997.323.92.950.6 2013/14
141.7 24.4142.398.330.12.949.7 2014/15
149.6 26.5147.6100.727.63.050.3 2015/16
146.0 22.1150.3104.229.63.048.5 2016/17
142.4 17.9146.6102.427.13.047.5 2017/18
Notes: Coarse grains trade data are on July/June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to the present,
coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
World Rice: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Rough
Productio
Productio
n
TY
Exports
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Rice, Milled
490.8 111.6325.714.0332.13.3146.6 1988/89
510.4 120.6336.411.7345.33.5147.8 1989/90
519.5 126.6345.412.3351.43.5147.0 1990/91
522.9 126.7353.314.4353.33.5147.6 1991/92
524.0 123.1357.414.9353.93.6146.4 1992/93
526.0 118.9358.916.6354.73.6145.3 1993/94
539.9 117.6365.520.8364.13.7147.3 1994/95
547.3 118.1368.219.7368.83.7148.3 1995/96
563.8 120.3378.218.9380.43.8150.2 1996/97
575.2 127.7379.927.6387.43.8151.7 1997/98
586.9 134.0388.624.8394.93.8153.3 1998/99
608.8 143.1400.222.8409.33.9155.8 1999/00
594.0 146.7395.624.3399.23.9152.8 2000/01
594.2 132.9413.127.9399.43.9151.6 2001/02
562.9 103.0408.027.5378.13.8147.6 2002/03
585.3 81.6413.827.3392.53.9149.5 2003/04
596.4 74.0408.528.9400.83.9151.4 2004/05
622.3 76.5415.429.0417.94.0154.2 2005/06
625.1 75.4421.231.8420.14.0154.6 2006/07
643.6 80.9428.129.6433.64.2154.9 2007/08
669.5 93.2437.629.4449.94.2158.5 2008/09
655.2 95.2438.031.8440.04.2155.8 2009/10
671.8 99.9445.536.5450.24.2158.3 2010/11
697.4 109.2458.540.0467.74.4159.8 2011/12
706.5 118.8464.139.5473.84.4159.6 2012/13
713.9 122.0475.544.1478.74.4161.8 2013/14
715.0 127.9473.742.6479.54.4161.0 2014/15
705.1 132.7468.140.2472.94.4159.3 2015/16
725.5 137.3481.647.7486.24.5160.8 2016/17
725.5 143.1480.547.9486.34.5161.3 2017/18
Notes: Stocks, exports and consumption are expressed on a milled basis in marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
55
ENDNOTES TO GRAIN: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
REGIONAL TABLES
North America: Canada, Mexico, the United States.
Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British
Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, French West Indies,
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica and Dep, Leeward-Windward Islands, Martinique,
Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands of the U.S.
South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands (Islas
Malvinas), French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela.
EU: Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.
Other Europe: Albania, Azores, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslavia, Gibraltar,
Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland.
Former Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen.
North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
Sub-Saharan Africa: all African countries except North Africa.
East Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Macau, Mongolia,
Taiwan.
South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives.
Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Vietnam.
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
56
OTHER NOTES
Local Marketing Years (LMY): LMY refers to the 12-month period at the onset of the main
harvest, when the crop is marketed (i.e., consumed, traded, or stored). The year first listed
begins a country's LMY for that commodity (2016/17 starts in 2016); except for summer grains
in certain Southern Hemisphere countries and for rice in selected countries, where the second
year begins the LMY (2016/17 starts in 2017). Key exporter LMY’s are:
Wheat Corn Barley Sorghum
Argentina (Dec/Nov) Argentina (Mar/Feb) Australia (Nov/Oct) Argentina (Mar/Feb)
Australia (Oct/Sep) Brazil (Mar/Feb) Canada (Aug/Jul) Australia (Mar/Feb)
Canada (Aug/Jul) China (Oct/Sep) European Union (Jul/Jun) United States (Sep/Aug)
China (Jul/Jun) South Africa (May/Apr) Russia (Jul/Jun)
European Union (Jul/Jun) United States (Sep/Aug) Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
India (Apr/Mar) United States (Jun/May)
Kazakhstan (Jul/Jun)
Russia(Jul/Jun)
Turkey (Jun/May)
Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
United States (Jun/May)
For a complete list of local marketing years, please see the FAS website
(http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdAvailability.aspx).
Stocks: Unless otherwise stated, stock data are based on an aggregate of differing local
marketing years and should not be construed as representing world stock levels at a fixed point in
time.
Consumption: World totals for consumption reflect total utilization, including food, seed,
industrial, feed, and waste; as well as differences in local marketing year imports and local
marketing year exports. Consumption statistics for regions and individual countries, however,
reflect food, seed, industrial, feed, and waste only.
Trade: All PSD tables are balanced on the different local marketing years. All trade tables
contain Trade Year (TY) data which puts all countries on a uniform, 12-month period for
analytical comparisons: wheat is July/June; coarse grains, corn, barley, sorghum, oats, and rye
are Oct/Sept; and rice is calendar year.
EU Consolidation: The trade figures starting from 1999/00 represent the European Union
(Croatia plus the former EU-27) and exclude all intra-trade. For the years 1960/61 through
1998/99, figures are the EU-15 and also exclude all intra-trade. EU-15 member states' data for
grains are no longer maintained in the official USDA database. Data for the individual NMS-10,
plus Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia, exists only prior to 1999/00.
Statistics: (1) Wheat trade statistics include wheat, flour, and selected pasta products on a grain
equivalent basis. (2) Rice trade statistics include rough, brown, milled, and broken on a milled
equivalent basis. (3) Coarse grains statistics include corn, barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, and
mixed grains but exclude trade in barley malt, millet, and mixed grains.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis
57
Unaccounted: This term includes grain in transit, reporting discrepancies in some countries,
and trade to countries outside the USDA database.
The Global Commodity Analysis Division, Office of Global Analysis, Foreign Agricultural
Service, USDA, Washington, DC 20250, prepared this circular. Information is gathered from
official statistics of foreign governments and other foreign source materials, reports of U.S.
agricultural attachés and Foreign Service officers, office research, and related information.
Further information may be obtained by writing the Division or telephoning (202) 720-3448.
Note: The previous report in this series was Grain: World Markets and Trade February 2017.
For further details on world grain production, please see World Agricultural Production March
2018.
This circular is available in its entirety on the Internet via the Foreign Agricultural Service Home
Page. The address is: http://www.fas.usda.gov
Questions may be directed to the following staff:
Andrew Sowell (202) 720-0262 [email protected] Wheat
Shelbi Knisley (202) 690-2361 [email protected] Wheat
Rachel Trego (202) 720-1073 [email protected] Rice/Wheat
Eric Mullis (202) 690-0752 [email protected] Rice
Yoonhee Macke (202) 690-4199 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Graham Soley (202) 772-4235 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Olutayo Akingbe (202) 690-1624 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA March 2018Office of Global Analysis