Barentsnewsletter 1 2008

B A R E N T S A P

Newsletteron OccupationalHealthand Safety

OSH profiles

2008 11 1Vol. No.

B A R E N T S A P

Contents

3 OSH profiles an instrument for policy, practice and collective learning

JormaRantanen

4 ,

7 OSH management at the national level: Systems approach in Russia MaratRudakov

9 C

12 Work and health country profiles for European countries TimoKauppinen

14

16 National OSH profiles an overview of the CIS countries WikingHusberg

20

26 Lithuania: national OSH profile RemigijusJankauskas

28 :

31 National Occupational Safety and Health Profile of Finland SuviLehtinen

32 :

34 5th SIHLWA in Oslo SuviLehtinen

35

Publisher Finnish Institute of Occupational Health

Topeliuksenkatu 41 a AFIN-00250 HelsinkiFinland

Editor in Chief SuviLehtinen

Editor

JanikeMakelaLayout

MiljaAholaTranslations AnatolyVinogradovandauthorsPhotograph on the cover page ILO/Moscow

The responsibility for opinions, expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with the authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of the opinions expressed in them. , , ; , - .

The electronic version of the Barents Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety on the Internet can be accessed at the following address: http://www.ttl.fi/BarentsNewsletter. - : http://www.ttl.fi/BarentsNewsletter.

Printed publication ISSN 1455-8459On-line publication ISSN 1458-5952

2008

Newsletter on OccupationalHealth and Safety

2008 11 1Vol. No.

OSH profiles an instrument for policy, practice and collective learning

Jorma RantanenFinland

In the modern societies occupa-tional safety and health policies and programmes are expected to be based on facts and evidence to as great an extent as possible. The fields of governance, policy making, and policy implementation, as well as the practical safety and health work tend to become increasingly complex. This is due to the growing fragmentation of the structures that were constructed in the industrialized societies of the last century and the ever accelerating speed of change in work life. New risks, chal-lenges and also new opportunities arise continuously in work life. The complex phenomena also require more complex descriptors than can be provided by statistics with only one or a few param-eters. There is also a need to combine quantitative and qualitative information to gain a comprehensive picture of the safety and health situation and its trends in countries and sub-national systems. All this requires better knowledge man-agement systems than before.

In the field of occupational safety and health, collaboration between several different actors is typically necessary in order to make any practical impact on health and safety: legislators, government authorities, employers, trade unions, and several expert organi-zations, sometimes even community administration and the public must be involved. They all need information that is easy to absorb, useful for actual needs, and reliable in content.

In the mid-1990s, the World Health Organization started to discuss interna-tional networking for health research in order to produce an effective response to the major health problems of the world. In that context, the need of compre-hensive data source for identifying of global health problems and for sharing

information between network members led to the construction of country health profiles. The objective was to generate a comprehensive view of the health situa-tion and the priority health problems in WHO member countries (1).

Gradually the needs for knowledge management in several other sectors, including occupational safety and health, became actual, and the creation of country profiles was identified as a possible solution. At present, about 30 national occupational health profiles from both industrialized and develop-ing countries have been produced, and ILO has collected some 55 concise national occupational safety and health profiles. Some 15 more comprehensive national OSH profiles are available, for example from Australia, Azerbaijan, China, Finland, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, New Zealand, Singapore, and the Russian Federation (http://www.ilo.ru/osh/nloshprof.html), and many more countries are planning to make their own. The ILO Convention No. 187 from the year 2006 requests countries to prepare and periodically update national policies and programmes for occupational safety and health. An occupational safety and health profile will be an important instrument for policy making and programme prepa-ration such as those recommended by the ILO.

In the preparation of occupational safety and health profiles, the choice of descriptor parameters was a challeng-ing task. The problem was twofold: on the one hand, there was lack of data on several important parameters, and, on the other hand, certain parameters that could possibly be included might not have a high relevance for the total picture. Therefore, it was necessary to divide the parameters into groups on

topics found to be the most relevant for the profile, each containing a number of individual parameters. The groups established were a) Prerequisites for health and safety, b) Conditions of work, and c) Outcomes and conse-quences on safety and health (2). The adding of one more category of Human resources and competence has been discussed recently.

Profile making should not be seen as a one-time action, but a continuous process. In the majority of countries it is also likely to constitute a learning proc-ess producing continuously better and more representative information. Some Members of WHO, such as China, are currently preparing the first update of their OSH profile (3), which in the case of China will also mean combining the occupational safety and health and oc-cupational health profiles.

In addition to national profiles, sub-national, provincial, county, com-munity or sectoral profiles have also been prepared or are under preparation. They play a growing role in the stimula-tion of local level practical programmes and actions.

Availability of data is a challenge in profile generation. Typically, official statistics on occupational accidents and diseases are available in most countries, but the gaps in reporting systems are substantial, and vast sec-tors, such as small-scale enterprises, self-employed, and the informal sector remain uncovered. Some countries have complemented the information with data from special surveys carried out for research or other purposes. In cases where all needed information cannot be gained through surveys, complementary information has been acquired through quick questionnaire studies among well-informed actors or

Barents Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety 2008;11:34

ation of effectiveness of policies and programmes.

They may identify new problems and new needs for safety and health.

They indicate the needs for devel-opment of data and information systems.

The use of the profiles is likely to become more prevalent in the future. There is a need for the development of data systems, statistics and other information sources to render the profiles more descriptive and reliable. A special challenge results from the rapid change of work life, creating the need for profile updating to be a continuous process. This would also require special infrastructures for data collection, data analysis and process-ing, profile drawing, and the acquisi-tion of user information.

interviews of field workers and experts. In this respect the modern web surveys will provide new opportunities for quick data collection.

The country profiles are going to play an ever increasing role in policy making and practical programmes. They provide certain benefits that make them relevant for several actors. The following merits have been listed for profile making (4, 5): They combine information from

several sources together to form a comprehensive, but comprehensible picture.

They indicate strengths and weak-nesses of the systems as well as priority problems.

They provide the same information for multiple actors and parties.

If repeated, they enable an analysis of trends and possibly permit evalu-

References

1. The Global Advisory Committee on Health Research. A research policy agenda for science and technology to support global health development. A synopsis. World Health Organization, Geneva 1977.

2. Rantanen J, Kauppinen T, Lehtinen S, Mattila M, Toikkanen J, Kurppa K, Leino T. Work and health country profiles of twenty-two European Countries. People and Work Research Reports 52. FIOH 2002.

3. National Profile Report on Occupa-tional Safety and Health in China. China Academy of Safety Sciences & Technology, Beijing China, 2004.

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Contact information:

Professor Jorma Rantanen, MD, PhDPresident of [email protected]

4. Rantanen J. Occupational health and safety in the 21st century. In: Neil Pearce, Dave McLean and Rochelle Beng (eds). Priorities in occupational health and safety. Proceedings of the second annual CPHR symposium in health research and policy. Wellington, New Zealand, 4 September 2002.

5. International Labour Organization. SafeWork. National profiles on OSH- Methodology. http://www-old.itcilo.org/actrav/english/calen-dar/2003/A3-2912/resource/OSH/OSH%20_Profile_Methodology.ppt#256,1,National profiles on OSH Methodology


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A systems approach to occupa-tional safety and health (OSH) management at both national and organizational levels has been widely discussed during the past few years (see, e.g. 1, 2). The aim of the present article is to analyse the prac-tical implementation of the systems approach at the national level in the Russian Federation (RF), based on the requirements posed by the ILO Conven-tion No. 187 and the ILO Recommenda-tion No. 197.

ILO RegulationsThe concept of systems approach for OSH management at the national level was presented in the ILO Conventions Nos. 155 and 187 (3), the ILO Rec-ommendation No. 197 (4), and the ILO Guidelines on OSH management systems (ILO-OSH-2001). These documents contain terms and general principles for the arrangement of the national OSH systems, but each country needs to develop its own system taking into account specific national features. In this article it is described how some important principles have been imple-mented in the Russian Federation.

National policyThe mainstreams and principles of the OSH national policy are contained in the article 210 of the RF Labour Code: development of a proper legislative

framework for OSH management development of relevant OSH laws

and standards provision of safe working conditions

at all levels, covered by manage-ment.

National OSH systemAs seen in Convention No. 187, the term national OSH system means the infra-structure which determines the main frames for the national OSH policy and relevant programmes. The Russian fed-eral laws do not contain terms such as

Marat RudakovILO Sub-Regional Office in Moscow

national system for OSH management or the RF OSH management system (RF OSH MS), although a need for a clear definition has been discussed for a long time. At the same time, the current situation analysis allows to conclude that the basic elements for the national OSH system in the Russian Federation are created. Some of the most essential of them are listed below.

A. Group of legislative and norma-tive regulations, collective agreements and any other relevant documents: The basis for legal regulation and OSH man-agement is formed in the RF Constitu-tion, the RF Labour Code, some federal and regional OSH laws, tripartite and collective agreements, ratified interna-tional conventions, and other current documents. At the same time, a great deal of old regulations and norms, containing the state OSH requirements, have not been revised from the Soviet time till now. For example, as was noted by the Ministry of Health and Social Development in the Annual Report 2006 on OSH in Russia, about 23% of OSH regulations for the construction and housing companies were adopted more than 30 years ago, 35% more than 20 years ago, 38% more than 10 years ago and only about 4% were adopted within the last decade.

B. Special authorities, departments or bodies, responsible for OSH: The Russian Ministry of Health and Social Development (MHSD), as well as the regional Labour Authorities accomplish OSH management within the framework of their jurisdictions. The management in the field of Occupational Medicine is based on the Regional Centres of Occupational Pathology, which were established in 60 regions of the RF.

At the same time, the incomplete administrative reforms, started in 2004, destroyed to a large extent the previous OSH management infrastructure, be-cause most OSH departments in the sec-

toral executive bodies were cancelled, as the appropriate chapters concerning OSH activity are absent from the mod-ernized legistation.

C. Mechanisms for guaranteeing the maintenance of national legislative and normative regulations, including inspection systems: There is a state supervision system to control and maintain OSH legislation in the RF, i.e. RF Office of Public Prosecutor, the State Labour Inspection, the Rospot-rebnadzor (supervision for quality of consuming goods and services), and the Rostekhnadzor (technical supervision for equipment).

On average, according to the MHSD data, there is one labour inspector per 2,600 enterprises or per 35,000 em-ployees, and that is 3.5 times less than in the industrialized Western countries, where each inspector is serving less than 10,000 employees.

D. Professional training in OSH: At present, almost the whole of Rus-sia is covered by the network of OSH professional training centres, sup-ported by both the employers and the RF Social Insurance Fund. In 2006, a total of 654,042 workers were trained and examined in OSH, which was less than in 2005, when 748,063 persons were educated. Many workers are not trained in occupational safety and health, and for this reason the Labour Inspection ordered in 2006 to stop their work in specific installations (more than 125,000 employees). The quality of training in OSH also needs continuous development. As the MHSD estimated, there were only 5% high-skilled OSH specialists in 2006.

E. Mechanism to provide recording and analysis of data on occupational accidents and diseases: At present there are several authorities, empowered to carry out registration of occupational accidents and diseases in accordance with a statutory power:

OSH management at the national level:

Systems approach in Russia


OSH situation.Recently, special recommendations

for the preparation of national and regional OSH profiles in Russia were completed with the ILO assistance. A pilot testing of the improved outline and guidelines will be arranged in some projects aimed at the preparation of regional OSH profiles in North-West Russia. The first project has been started in the Murmansk region.

Conclusions1. At present, in the Russian Federation

the main elements of the National OSH system are available. In order to improve the system to a high in-ternational standard it is necessary to continue the preparations for the ratification of the ILO Convention No. 187 by the Russian Federation.

To realize the systems approach in the OSH system management at the level of an organization, it is neces-sary to accelerate the implementa-tion of the International Standard 12.0.230-2007 The System of the OSH Standards. Systems for OSH Management. General Requirements (ILO-OSH 2001 IDT).

2. To obtain relevant OSH informa-tion on occupational accidents it is necessary to design the national registration system by integrating the data bases which are provid-ing information separately, i.e. the State Statistics Office, the Federal Labour and Employment Service, and the Social Insurance Fund. The improved National Register should provide a possibility to evaluate the unregistered accidents according to the ILO recommendations.

3. The development and adoption of a special normative law on OSH national and regional profiles in the Russian Federation is an actual aim on the way to a more objective and reliable approach to prepare and re-view the national and regional OSH programmes in Russia.

References

1. Barents Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety 2005, Vol. 8, No. 3.


3. ILO Convention No. 187, 2006.4. ILO Recommendation No. 197,

2006.

the State Labour Inspection (SLI) collects and analyses the data on group accidents, and on cases with severe or fatal consequences

the Social Insurance Fund (SLF) col-lects and analyses the data on injured workers, who were compulsorily in-sured against occupational accidents and diseases according to the Social Insurance Law, thus receiving a right to insurance claim for compensation of work-related damage

the Statistical Bureau of Russia (SBR or Rosstat) collects and analyses data on occupational accidents in selected groups of enterprises of different economic sectors

the Rospotrebnadzor collects and analyses data on the cases of occu-pational diseases.

The information, presented by different authorities, is usually disparate. For example, the number of fatal accidents in Russia in 2006 was reported by SBR as 2,881, by SIF as 3,591, and by SLI as 4,301 cases. The problem of non-registration of accidents is also actual. For example, in 2006 the SLI revealed 2,425 unregistered cases, including 461 fatalities. The difference in official data on occupational accidents and the significant number of unregistered cases (including the undetected ones) complicates the vision of a real picture of the current situation in OSH.

National ProgrammeAt present, the draft of an Action Pro-gramme on Safe Work is designed at the national level in order to improve working conditions and safety in Rus-sia. The main aim of the programme is to protect the workers health and to improve occupational safety by imple-menting a system of occupational risks management. The programme involves both social partners employers and employees in the risk management system.

The programme aims at the follow-ing strategic targets:1) to decrease the risk of occupational

accidents and diseases (the indica-tors: cases of occupational injuries, morbidity and disability due to injuries)

2) to improve the work environment (indicators: decrease in the share of insufficient working conditions with poor hygiene and sanitary conditions,

reduction in the number of work with occupational exposure to harmful factors)

3) to decrease mortality caused by preventable factors (indicators: the rate of occupational fatal accidents, the index of mortality caused by exposure to harmful and dangerous substances)

4) to increase lifetime and to improve the health of the workers (indicators: mortality of workers, average life expectancy, rate of detected occupa-tional diseases).

It is necessary to note the presence of the regional action plans and programmes for the improvement of working con-ditions and OSH system (Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Sakha/Yakutiya, the Kurgan, Omsk and other regions). The Republic of Karelia and Murmansk Oblast are developing their regional programmes in close collabo-ration with international organizations, including the ILO project for improve-ment of the OSH management system in North-West Russia.

National ProfileThe development and reviewing of the National OSH programme has to be based on a comprehensive analysis of the real situation of the OSH field. The National OSH profile, being an efficient analytical tool, is used as a starting point and a ground for the design of the na-tional programme. In accordance with the ILO Recommendation No. 197, the national profile has to contain a brief, but comprehensive description of the current OSH situation in the country and show the progress achieved in the improvement of safety and health of the work environment.

For many years, the MHSD of Rus-sia (previously the Ministry of Labour) presents annually the report on Results of State OSH Policy Performance in the Russian Federation, based on national and regional data sources.

The current content of the Report is similar to the model national OSH profile (the legislative framework, professional training system, scientific researches, data on occupational ac-cidents and others). At the same time, it can be said that the national OSH profile should contain significantly more information, in order to provide a more comprehensive picture of the


1Managing Risk in the WoRk enviRonMent

www.ilo.org/safework/safeday

World Day for safety and health at Work 28 APRIL 2008

LIFEWORKSAFE WORK

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Work and health country profiles for European countries Timo Kauppinen Finland

Several international organiza-tions, such as WHO, ILO and EU, expressed in about the year 2000 interest in producing national oc-cupational health and safety (OH&S) indicators, which were considered to be important tools for information steering to improve well-being at work. The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) had already started its own in-dicator project in collaboration with the WHO/EURO programme. The project was led by Professor Jorma Rantanen (former Director General of FIOH, present President of the International Commission on Occupational Health). FIOH published a report on Work and Health Country Profiles in 2001 (1). The report described the basic concepts, selection criteria and data sources of OH&S indicators. It also included a recommendation to collect indicator data and a model country profile, which consisted of quantitative indicator data and descriptive information. The WHO European Collaborating Centres in Occupational Health adopted the procedure recommended in the report, and country profile data were collected from 22 European countries (2).

Contents of country profiles

The indicators and contents of country profiles were derived on the basis of a conceptual model of OH&S. It included three basic items: the prerequisites of OH&S, working conditions, and health outcomes. The state of prerequisites was measured by indicators on legislation, infrastructures and human resources in OH&S. The indicators on working conditions covered physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, psychological

and social factors of work. The third area was health and safety outcomes of working conditions, including occupa-tional accidents, occupational diseases, psychological symptoms and perceived work ability. Because the candidate list included over 100 quantitative indica-tors, a more limited set of key indica-tors (N=16) was selected and adopted. All indicators were defined to improve comparability of data across countries. The representatives of WHO European Collaborating Centres in Occupational Health collected indicator data and other relevant information to be included in national country profiles (2).

Availability and comparability of data

The availability and comparability of data varied widely by country and indicator. The situation was best for in-dicators which were collected centrally (e.g., the ratification rate of 22 relevant OH&S conventions of ILO, fatal work accidents) or provided by EU-wide surveys (see the figure).


1

Professor Rantanen has summa-rized the lessons learned from this pilot project as follows (2): there is great variation in the avail-

ability of data in different countries the inter-country comparability of

the data is low and there is a need to complement the quantitative data with qualitative information

there is a need to include several types of parameters in the indicator systems, e.g. on OH&S prerequisites, exposures and health outcomes

a reasonable number of indicators providing a sufficiently comprehen-sive description of the OH&S situa-tion in the country is needed, but the use of too many indicators or too complex indicator systems should be avoided

one single indicator parameter, or a sum indicator comprising several pa-rameters to give one single indicator score for a country was found to be less informative than a multiparam-eter profile

there is a need to visualize and for-mulate the information so that it can be easily used for various purposes by different types of users

the indicators should be carefully validated to ensure the reliability of the information obtained from the indicators and profiles.

Although comparing countries turned out to be questionable due to limited availability and comparability of data, the situation is much better when indi-cators and profiles are used to compare different regions within a country, or to follow up the time trends in a country or in a region.

The work on country profiles continues

WHO had in 2001-2005 a task force to construct and update OH&S country profiles. The format was slightly modi-fied to fit better to the priorities of non-European countries and low-resource countries. This work also continues within the WHO Work Plan 20062010. Information on the state of OH&S is being compiled by using the WHO Network of Collaborating Centres. ILO has also constructed country profiles including indicators derived from its own regular data collection systems covering a wide variety of countries (3). Some examples of country profiles are described elsewhere in this newsletter. These kind of indicator sets are being increasingly used to follow up and evaluate the progress of national action programmes on health and well-being at work and outside work.

Figure


References

1. Rantanen J, Kauppinen T, Toikkanen J, Kurppa K, Lehtinen S, Leino T. Work and health country profiles. People and Work, Research Reports 44. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 2001.

2. Rantanen J, Kauppinen T, Lehtinen S, Mattila M, Toikkanen J, Kurppa K, Leino T (Editors). Work and health country profiles of twenty-two European countries. People and work research reports 52. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 2002, 444p. The text of the report is available at http://www.ttl.fi/Inter-net/partner/tf13/WHO+and+EURO+Country+Profiles+Development/Pilot+Survey+of+Twenty-two+European+Countries+in+2002/

The country profile data are avail-able by country at http://www.ttl.fi/Internet/partner/tf13/Occupational+health+and+safety+profiles/Country+Profiles/

3. ILO country profiles are available at http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/worldday/prod-ucts06/report06_profiles_en.pdf


Dr. Timo KauppinenTeam leaderFinnish Institute of Occupational HealthTopeliuksenkatu 41aA00250 Helsinki, FINLANDe-mail: [email protected]

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ILOs main objective Decent Work is strongly promoted through the Decent Work Country Programme (DWCPs) developed with the three na-tional constituents for 34-year periods. The Programmes ensure the national commitment and focus on both national and international resources towards three priorities in each country.

ILO Subregional (SRO) Office for Eastern Europe and Central Asia has signed DWCPs with five countries. Safe Work is one of the main priorities in all countries; the actual focus may be on modernization of the national OSH system, improved labour inspection or occupational accident insurance, depending on the development stage in the country.

Good working conditions a systematic process

Effective implementation of occupa-tional safety and health (OSH) require-ments at the national and enterprise levels can be achieved successfully only through the full involvement of the social partners in the sustained process of continual action, review and improvement.

The new ILO OSH Framework Convention No. 187 of 2006 (see sepa-rate article) brings together the inter-national experience in the systematic building of a modern OSH system by means of a National OSH Programme. In order to ensure a coherent and effec-tive use of scarce resources, and also to better coordinate efforts, this approach includes a number of logical steps to be followed before appropriate action is taken.

National OSH profiles

an overview of the CIS countries

The preparation of a National OSH Profile is an essential initial step in the process of building a good NSP. The Profile is an inventory of all the tools and resources available in a country to implement and manage OSH, designed to provide the data necessary for setting national priorities for action aimed at progressive and continual improvement of workplace safety and health.

The following implementation steps envisaged for an adequate establishment of National OSH Programmes indicate the place of the National profile as well as its intended goals:a) Agreement with the relevant country

to establish a national programme;b) Establishment of coordination mech-

anism for implementation of the programme

c) Preparation of a national profile on OSH

d) Situation analysis to identify strong points and gaps in the countrys OSH framework, using the Profile

e) Identification of priorities for na-tional action to improve the level of OSH

f) Development of action plans (Na-tional SafeWork Programme) for agreed priorities, including indica-tors of success and launching of the National Programme

g) Establishment of sustainable mech-anisms for continual improvements, including periodic review, updating of data, and eventual designation of new priorities for action based on an updated national profile docu-ment

h) aimed at the introduction of a Safety culture and taking into account the analysis of the historical situation and development in each country.

Guiding principles for the preparation of a national profile on OSH

A National Profile should:i) be prepared at the country level

through a process which involves all the national competent and other designated authorities concerned with the different aspects of occu-pational safety and health, and more importantly the most representative organizations of Employers and Workers

j) include basic data on all the pa-rameters that may affect the sound management of occupational safety and health both at the national and enterprise levels, including available legislative framework, enforcement and implementation mechanisms and infrastructures, workforce distribu-tion, human and financial resources devoted to OSH, OSH initiatives at the enterprise level, level of protec-tion, etc.

k) provide practical information on on-going activities at the country level (e.g. activities related to the implementation of international agreements, ongoing and planned technical assistance projects, etc.)

l) serve as a basis for initiating a proc-ess by which a country will be able to identify gaps in the existing legal, institutional, administrative, and technical infrastructure related to the sound management of OSH

m) provide a means for improved co-or-dination among all parties interested in OSH. The process of preparing the Profile itself may serve as a starting point for improved co-ordination and should facilitate communications and an improved understanding of the po-tential problems and activities being undertaken within the country.

The Sub-regional Office in Moscow has developed, assisted by a Korean OSH project, an outline for the preparation of National OSH Profiles.

National OSH Profiles in Central Asia

The Korean OSH project for Central Asia started in spring 2007. The impact from the participating countries has been higher than expected. All four countries have prepared their National

Wiking HusbergILO SubRegional Office, Moscow


The ILO WIND programme has assisted the agricultural sector in Kyrgystan.

PHOTO BY ILO MOSCOW

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OSH Profile, and follow-up tripartite seminars to discuss the research results have been organized according to the agreed plans. The project was managed by a four-person scientific research group, which simultaneously acted as an advisory and management group.

The assistance to the Central Asian countries has led to a great increase in the interest in OSH, also at the political level. All three ILO partners have been very active in the preparation of their profiles. There is a national interest to continue the work on their own.

KazakhstanKazakhstan has drafted a new Labour Code including a chapter on OSH. Due to the resistance of the Trade Unions, safety committees were not included in the law although they exist in several enterprises. The trade unions implement an old Soviet system of trade union in-spectors society control. The role of this inspector varies from enterprise to enterprise, but is something between a government inspector without right to sanctions and a workers safety repre-sentative.

The Labour Inspection is fairly well developed and trained. An ILO inspec-tion audit, utilizing the EU audit meth-odology, was done in the country a few years ago. The main weaknesses are the lack of safety committees and the severe restriction on labour inspections.

A new OSH Institute has been es-tablished, which is in need of increased research capacity. SRO Moscow is

supporting the research institute. The project has led to some additional un-expected results. Kazakhstan and Perm Regional OSH Centre have established a joint cooperation agreement on issues related to training and research.

There is a national interest to im-prove the work: the Kazakh OSH in-stitute is preparing a new research pro-gramme on OSH and wants to establish an OSH information and training centre in their new premises in 20092010.

Kazakhstan has in force a National OSH Programme, which expires in 2008. The new updated National OSH Profile will be the base for the next national OSH programme. Kazakhstan can be used as a good example in the Central Asian region.

KyrgyzstanThe ILO WIND programme, initiated by the trade unions and labour inspec-tion in Kyrgyzstan, is supporting im-proved working and living conditions, health and safety in small-scale farming in the informal rural sector using social dialogue, neighbourhood assistance and self-development. The project is utiliz-ing experience from the Ministries of Labour and Agriculture, the agro-com-plex trade unions, agricultural employ-ers, women rural NGOs and the local administration units Aiyl-Okmotys. Trainers all over Kyrgyzstan are help-ing farmers to put the WIND training manual into practice in local seminars. The second wave of training in 200708

is focusing on agrochemicals and dis-eases from animals.

The political impact of the pro-gramme can be seen in the national occupational safety and health (OSH) programme for agriculture approved by the Government of Kyrgyzstan in February 2007. A new rural employ-ers association, tri-partism on regional level and inclusion of veterinary and agrichemical services as trainers are additional benefits.

Being a poor country, Kyrgyzstan lacks OSH expertise and OSH training opportunities. The Labour Inspection is weak and many enterprises are working in the sphere of the informal economy. The National OSH Profile has identified the existing weaknesses and has led to the compilation of resources, already before the National Programme has been drafted.

OSH in the informal textile (in addi-tion to the rural) sector and Training of Trainers in OSH are priorities for future work in Kyrgyzstan.

TajikistanMigration has been a coping strategy for the poor country. Approximately 1 million Tajiks work permanently or temporarily outside of the country. The social consequences of migration on the families of migrant workers are enormous: occupational accidents and diseases, sexually transmitted dis-eases, including HIV/AIDS and family breakdowns, leaving many children abandoned, institutionalized or forced into prostitution and other forms of exploitative child labour.

A Finnish-funded ILO project with the Farmers Association in Tajikistan is focusing on the livelihood of families, women and children, left by men seek-ing work as migrants. The Talvidara valley has now a beekeepers centre, providing vocational training and training in WIND, as well as tools and equipment and veterinary services for beekeeping. The link with microcredit has kick-started beekeeping among women heads of families, the annual yield per family being around 150 kg.

The poorest country in the region lacks OSH specialists and is relying on technical OSH expertise from Uz-bekistan in the first phase of the Korean project. The Trade Union has, from the Soviet times, experience in OSH and the new Employers Organization has


The analytical work for the National OSH Profile identifies also the various branches of industry most at risk.

PHOTO BY ILO MOSCOW

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taken an interest in building its capacity to improve working conditions in the rural areas. The Labour Inspection is very weak. The preparation of the Na-tional OSH Profile has initiated interest in OSH and working conditions on the political level.

The exceptionally cold winter has temporarily halted work, as survival, in spite of lack of fuel and electricity, is the first priority for the Tajiks. The country will need additional efforts in capacity building.

UzbekistanUzbekistan has an active OSH centre (originating from the Soviet time), which produces modular training courses on OSH, including HIV/AIDS and child labour as well as organizes continuously regional training. The cen-tre has the capacity to assist the neigh-bouring Tajikistan on OSH issues.

A Finnish-funded project assisting in the improvement of the national OSH system through the development of the institution of safety representatives has started in Uzbekistan. One of the first critical challenges is the lack of train-ing material on OSH in general and for safety representatives in particular.

The project consists of four inter-linked topics, which interact to set up a systematic approach based on the safety representatives, increases safety knowledge and awareness among work-ers, farmers and employers and provides practical tools for assessment of the present working conditions.A. Creation of the institution of safety

representatives and training of the representatives

B. OSH training of trainers for indus-try and agriculture (latter based on WIND)

C. Risk assessment and self-improve-ment of working conditions aimed at employers (based on the WISE methodology)

D. Development of the Soviet tradition of workplace attestation towards an employer-based risk assessment methodology (introduction and adaptation of Finnish and EU risk assessment methodology; PK-RH, ELMERI, Riski-Arvi)

E. Strengthening the OSH and social dialogue capacity in the Trade Un-ions as the base of the creation of the institution of safety representatives.

The ILO OSH activities in Uzbekistan are closely linked with prevention of HIV/AIDS, child labour and spe-cific issues related to gender (OSH and women). All training in the field of OSH incorporates these issues in their relevant context.

Labour migration from Uzbekistan to Korea is approx 10,000 workers an-nually. These workers are in need of training and information about their rights and duties concerning working conditions. The Uzbek OSH centre can provide basic training in OSH, which will improve the workers assimilation and productivity in their new work-places and, on their return, promote awareness on OSH in their home coun-try. The returning workers can be guided to participate in the workers safety

representative system being created in pilot enterprises in Uzbekistan.

In Uzbekistan, the process of mod-ernization of the national OSH system has been initialized as an impact of the preparation of the National Profile. Uz-bekistan has provided technical assist-ance to Tajikistan; Russia has provided technical advice to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

National OSH Profiles in the Caucasian countries

The work with OSH profiles in Central Asia has generated interest in orther parts of the CIS countries, including the Caucasus region.

ArmeniaArmenia is in the process of establishing a new OSH system and the coordina-tion between the different elements of the system is still uneven. However, tripartite partners are working in good cooperation. The country has a big deficit of modern information, training and practical materials on OSH. In the transition period many big enterprises were closed or reorganized into small and medium-sized enterprises. These enterprises lack practical OSH informa-tion, some Soviet regulations are still used in enterprises.

Armenia has approved a new La-bour Code that will come into force in 2008, but there is no national law on social insurance of workers yet. The Union of Manufacturers and Business-men of Armenia has initiated coopera-tion with the ILO Moscow in the field of vocational training, OSH consultations and training and in promotion of the new interstate GOST 12.0.230-2007.

A National OSH Profile was created in January 2008. The profile contains a deep and detailed analysis of the OSH situation in the country and draws good practical conclusions. The development of the national OSH system, the creation of an accident insurance system, im-plementation of the OSH management system, improving of OSH legislation, creation of the OSH training and infor-mation systems, development of social partnership and coordination between OSH authorities are tasks to be included in the National OSH programme in 2008. The Armenian partners note the profile as a very good document for ef-


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Managing Risk in the WoRk enviRonMent

World Day for safetyand healthat Work

28 april 2008


Bureauinternationaldu Travail

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LIFEWORKSAFE WORK

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National OSH Profile and is starting up OSH training and information services for their members.

The experience from Central Asia has gone via the network of OSH spe-cialists in the CIS countries (former Soviet Union) to other countries and now Armenia and Georgia are prepar-ing their own OSH profiles based on the outline developed in the Korean project.

National OSH Programmes and ratification

The assistance to the Central Asian countries has led to a great increase in the interest in OSH, also at the politi-cal level. All three ILO partners have been very active in the preparation of their profiles and are looking forward to continuing the process by preparing national OSH programmes.

The work in Central Asia as well as a general increased interest in providing proper working conditions for men and women has led to an upswing in the preparation of National OSH Profiles. Year 2008 is expected to be the year when a multitude of National OSH Programmes will be produced.

The work on OSH seems to be even more intense in the Russian Federation. The Russian Federation has prepared a draft National Programme Safe Work, among many other activities. Russia has not been included in this summarizing article, because OSH in Russia needs more space to be described appropriately.

All material produced in the various countries will be published in Russian and English on the SRO ILO web, the Internet Academy of Safework and the CD-ROM Safework library (the last two only in Russian).

A phase II of the Korean project, focusing on the preparation of National OSH Programmes in the Central Asian countries is under consideration. The work on National Programmes in the Caucasian countries is continuing.

All these steps are leading towards the implementation of the requirements in the ILO Convention 187. Thus the logical follow-up is the ratification of the Convention in several CIS coun-tries.

fective planning of actions in the sphere of OSH.

AzerbaijanAzerbaijan has again become active in the improvement of OSH after a period of low profile. An intensive campaign on OSH in the construction industry in Baku started in 2006, spearheaded by the Labour Inspection. Following an order from autumn 2007 by the Presi-dent to improve working conditions in the construction industry, a high-level seminar with the relevant ministries, social partners and construction com-pany top management was held in January 2008.

The seminar is an element in the up-grading process, including the updating of the Azeri Labour Code and modern-izing the Labour Inspection, based on a World Bank project. The process is based on the ILO systematic approach and the relevant conventions, including Convention 81 on Labour Inspection.

Azerbaijan prepared a National OSH Profile a year ago. Further to the Profile, an in-depth analysis of the Labour Code and the structure and management of the Inspectorate will be used in drafting the concept of a modern OSH and inspection system in Azerbaijan.

GeorgiaThe political leadership in Georgia is applying a policy aimed at generating jobs, without due consideration of social protection, social security or proper working conditions. For example, the Georgian Labour Inspection has been terminated, while the neighbouring Armenia simultaneously created a new Inspection with a staff of 120.

The international experience in-dicates the short-sightedness and the huge cost in humanitarian and economic costs in ignoring the long-term effects of poor working conditions. Cooperation between multi-national and Georgian enterprises has been hampered due to the poor OSH record of the country.

However, this policy defined by the power ministry is not supported by ILO constituents. Concern among OSH spe-cialists, employers and trade unions has led to the start of a process to stop the deterioration of working conditions.

The Employers Organisation has organized OSH seminars, is preparing a


Mr. Wiking HusbergSenior OSH SpecialistILO Moscow SubRegional Officee-mail:[email protected]


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Lithuania has been an independent republic since 16 February 1918 till the year 1940 and regained its independence on 11 March 1990. The area of the country is 65,300 km2 (population density 52 persons per km2) and it is divided into 10 districts and 60 local administrations. According to statistical data of 2006, the population of Lithuania is 3.40 million people and 66.47% of the population live in urban areas. The population is composed of Lithuanians (84.6%), Russians (5.1%), Poles (6.3%) and people of other origin (4%). The labour force is 1.5883 million people, of which 1.4990 million are em-ployed. The gender distribution of the labour force is 49.5% men and 50.5% women. The unemployment rate has decreased from 17.4% in 2001 to 5.6% in 2006. The expansion of the Lithua-nian economy is very dynamic with growth rates being among the highest ones in Europe. In 2006, the GDP went up by 7.5% as compared to the year 2005. During the period 19952006 the number of the registered occupational diseases increased from 370 to 1447 cases (incidence is almost twice higher than in the old EU countries). In the year 2005 a total of 112 fatal, 216 serious, and 3,003 minor accidents at work were registered (17.7 serious and 9.2 fatal ac-cidents per 100,000 employees).

OSH system and institutions

The development of the Lithuanian OSH policy is based on the imple-mentation of the Lithuanian Health Programme (19982010) as well as the national OSH programmes adopted by the Lithuanian Government. The implementation of the Lithuanian

Lithuania: national OSH profileRemigijus JankauskasLithuania

Health Programme is supervised by the National Health Council under the Parliament of Lithuania. The lead-ing authority for the formulation and implementation of the national OSH policy is the Ministry of Social Se-curity and Labour (MSSL). The Min-istry of Health (MoH) is responsible for the development of occupational health services. Both Ministries are responsible for the national policy development, progressive extension and implementation of activities for the maintenance of health and safety at work. The policy coordination and social acceptability are within the com-petence of the Tripartite Council and the Safety at Work Commission. The enforcement of the occupational health and safety laws and regulations belongs to the State Labour Inspectorate under the Ministry of Social Security and Labour. The organizational structure of state authorities and services responsi-ble for occupational health and safety in Lithuania is presented in Fig.1.

The main state institutions re-

sponsible for occupational health are Occupational Medicine Centre at the Institute of Hygiene (OMC) and Central Occupational Medicine Expert Com-mission (COMEC). OMC is involved in scientific research, upgrading and re-qualification of the occupational health specialists, expert research in environ-mental impact on human health; it also compiles relevant information, develops criteria for diagnosing of occupational diseases and manages the State Register of Occupational Diseases. COMEC deals with the expertise of complicated cases when establishing the diagnosis of occupational diseases.

The main state institutions responsi-ble for occupational safety are State La-bour Inspectorate (SLI), Labour Market Training Authority (LMTA), Technical Supervision Service (TSS) and Institute of Labour and Social Research (ILSR). LMTA performs functions of labour market vocational training, orientation and advisory management and imple-ments the state policy in these fields. TSS is a control institution inspect-ing all kinds of potentially dangerous equipment. It has been accredited by the Lithuanian National Accreditation Bureau in November 2000 following the requirements of the standard LST EN 45004. ILSR is undertaking both theoretical and applied research on the issues of labour and social policy for-mulation and implementation.

The main state institutions re-sponsible for OSH management at the regional level are County Administra-tions and regional OSH Commissions. County administrations delegate rep-resentatives from the municipalities to the regional OSH Commission and,

Figure 1. Occupational health and safety system in Lithuania.


2

with the consent of enterprises, have the right to develop and approve occu-pational safety and health improvement programmes or measures and allocate funds for their implementation. Besides, County Administrations have the right to establish a vacancy of the municipal inspector-consultant on safety and health in compliance with the existing legal requirements. Following the prin-ciples of tripartite cooperation between the social partners in the regional OSH Commissions, employees and employ-ers participate in the delivery of the state policy on occupational safety and health.

The main institutions responsible for OSH in the enterprises are in-plant OSH services and OSH committees. Following the provisions of the Model regulations on safety at work services in enterprises approved by the MoH and MSSL, OSH services carry out the following tasks: prevention of industrial injuries and

occupational diseases supervision and control of safety and

health at work provide consultations to employees

on the issues of occupational safety and health.

OSH committees within the enter-prises analyse and evaluate activities of

employers, units of the enterprise and services of occupational safety and health

develop measures to improve safety and health at work and proposals concerning collective agreements

analyse causes and circumstances of accidents at work and occupational diseases following the provisions of the General regulations on occupa-tional safety and health committees in enterprises approved by the Safety at Work Commission.

The Lithuanian law provides for only one legitimate form of organized work-ers representation, i.e. trade unions. Four organizations of trade unions func-tion at the national level in Lithuania: Lithuanian Workers Union, Lithuanian Labour Federation, Lithuanian Cen-tre of Trade Unions, and Lithuanian Confederation of Trade Unions. The employers are represented by two large confederations functioning at the na-tional level: Lithuanian Confederation of Industrialists and Lithuanian Confed-eration of Business Employers. These

confederations unite smaller branch and regional associations and separate enterprises.

Challenges and perspectives

Due to the deteriorated work environ-ment and workers health in Lithuania compared to the old EU Member States, EU OSH Strategy for the years 20072012 and WHO Global Plan of Action on Workers Health for the years 20082017 are seen as a great challenge for the country.

International Labour Organization (ILO) has established international standards related to the organization of national occupational health system and services. According to the provi-sions of the ILO Convention No. 187, each Member State shall establish, maintain, progressively develop and periodically review a national system for occupational safety and health, in consultation with the most representa-tive organizations of employers and workers (Article 4 of C187). In the same way, each Member State shall formulate, implement, monitor, evalu-ate and periodically review a national programme on occupational safety and health in consultation with the most representative organizations of em-ployers and workers (Article 5, C187). According to the ILO Convention No.161, each Member State undertakes to develop progressively occupational health services for all workers, includ-ing those in the public sector and the members of production co-operatives, in all branches of economic activity and all undertakings. The provision made should be adequate and appropriate to the specific risks of the undertakings (Article 3, C161).

In the year 2007, the Sixtieth World Health (WHO) Assembly has endorsed the Global Plan of Action on Work-ers Health for the years 20082017. It urges the Member States to devise and implement policy instruments on workers health, to protect and promote health at the workplace, to improve the performance of and access to oc-cupational health services, to provide and communicate evidence for action and practice and, finally, to incorporate workers health into other policies.

According to the expert estimation of the Lithuanian occupational health

care system and services, the develop-ment of the national system for OSH is fully achieved in 4 main components of 12 tested (inspection system, tripartite advisory body, occupational accidents and diseases data collection, occupa-tional injuries insurance). The progress is achieved in 7 components (OSH legislation, authority responsible for OSH, cooperation between employers and workers, information and advisory services, OSH training system and re-search). Unfortunately, the progres-sive development of one component (occupational health services) has not started yet. The expert estimation of the national programmes for OSH showed that only one component (promotion of the development of the national OSH culture) of 5 tested was fully achieved through the implementation of the state programmes for occupational health and safety in the years 19962000 and 20022004. The progress is foreseen in such components as contribution to the workers health protection and sup-port by the other national programmes, but not in such components, as analysis of the national OSH system and set-ting of the expected results and indica-tors of progress. According to the es-timation of occupational heath services, the progressive development is achieved only in 2 components from 11 tested (occupational risk identification and assessment, analysis of occupational accidents and diseases). Some progress is foreseen in 7 components (surveil-lance of risks at work, advice on work organization, participation in the de-velopment of prevention programmes, advice on OSH, promotion of adapta-tion of work to worker, information, training and education, organization of first aid). Unfortunately, the progressive development in 2 components (surveil-lance of workers health, contribution to vocational rehabilitation) has not started yet.

Lithuania has defined the main OSH problems, as well as the obsta-cles for positive developments and is ready for immediate actions. There is a draft of the National Occupational Health and Safety Strategy aiming to improve the existing OSH legislation, to develop OSH education, training and information system and to enforce the capacities for occupational health care with a particular emphasis on the strengthening of occupational health


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services. The expected results of its implementation in the years 2008-2012 concern the decreasing number of heavy and fatal accidents at work per 100,000 employed, the increasing number of occupational medicine physicians and other occupational heath professionals per 100,000 employed, the increasing number of in-plant and external occu-pational health services, as well as the increasing percentage of the enterprises having implemented the international OSH management system.


Dr. Remigijus JankauskasContact Point for BSN in

LithuaniaVice-chairman of NDPHS

SIHLWA expert groupDirector, Institute of Hygiene

Etmonu 3/6, LT- 01128, Vilnius, Lithuania

Tel +370 5212 1969Fax. +370 5212 1810E-mail: [email protected]

www.dmc.lt,


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1Managing Risk in the WoRk enviRonMent


World Day for safety and health at Work 28 APRIL 2008

LIFEWORKSAFE WORK

My LIfe...My woRk...My sAfe woRk


Supported by theINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY ASSOCIATION

1

National Occupational Safety and Health Profile of Finland

Suvi Lehtinen

A national OSH profile a long-term projectThe National Occupational Safety and Health Profile of Finland was prepared for the ILO Labour Conference in 2006 as a model illustrating the aims of the Promotional Framework Convention (No. 187), which was endorsed in the same year by the International Labour Conference. The Convention No. 187 is described more in detail in this issue by Professor Marat Rudakov.

The preparation of a national OSH profile was assigned by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health to the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. The main author of the document is Profes-sor Jorma Rantanen who was well in-formed about the visions and strategies as well as about the structure, contents, functions and activities of the Finnish occupational safety and health model.

As legislation, inspection and en-forcement are important parts of the OSH system, a small 3-person working group was established where also the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health was represented. The Ministry was in charge of compiling the information on occupational safety and health leg-islation.

How was the profile prepared?The process of compiling information on the occupational health and safety situation in the country according to the table of contents provided by ILO was a lengthy one. Even in a country of efficient registration practices, such as Finland finding certain statistics and certain data needed for the profile proved time-consuming.

The point in the whole exercise was among others to identify the indicators of which it is difficult to find data. If so, it is clear that measures are needed to develop the information system in the

country. Another important observa-tion was that tripartite discussion and dialogue are the only way to develop occupational health and safety in an appropriate and effective manner.

Questionnaire surveyIn the Finnish exercise, we also sent a questionnaire survey to the most central organizations operating in the field of occupational health and safety. These were the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, the Ministry of Labour, the Ministry of Education, Confederation of Finnish Industries (EK), the State Employer in Finland, Local Author-ity Employers in Finland, the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK), the Finnish Confederation of Salaried Employees (STTK), the Confederation of Unions for Academic Professionals in Finland (AKAVA), the Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK), the Finnish Association of Occupational Health Physicians, the Finnish Association of Occupational Health Nurses, the Finn-ish Occupational Hygiene Society, the Finnish Association of Safety Chiefs, the Federation of Accident Insurance Institutions, and the Centre for Occu-pational Safety. The questionnaire in-cluded only ten questions, with the aim of making the contribution to the survey as easy as possible for the respondents. The questions covered the main top-ics in occupational health and safety, challenges, problems, weaknesses, and strengths. All sixteen organizations responded to the survey.

Tripartite discussionIn addition to conducting the survey, the draft report was discussed in the meeting of the Advisory Committee on Occupational Safety and Health in Finland. All comments by the social partners and other organizations rep-

The theme for the World Day for Safety and Health at Work organized by the International Labour Office (ILO) on 28 April 2008 is: Managing Risk in the Work Environment Slogan: My life, my work, my safe work.

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resented in the Committee were taken into account. Although several minor changes were proposed, all representa-tives were unanimous of the principles and major issues of occupational health and safety.

Two versions of the profileThe National Occupational Safety and Health Profile Finland (80 pages) is accessible on the web at: http://www.stm.fi/Resource.phx/publishing/store/2006/05/aa1155885585766/pass-thru.pdf

Some of the chapters included in the original Profile needed to be condensed for the brief version by excluding some of the information. A 187-page version that includes the full analysis of the Finnish occupational safety and health system, as well as some historical data is accessible at: http://www.stm.fi/Re-source.phx/eng/subjt/safet/publi/pub-licateng.htx.i1229.pdf.

The aim of this broader analytical report is to provide the reader with useful background information for the phases of development in Finnish oc-cupational health and safety. From the viewpoint of the evolution of working conditions, the report discusses the de-velopments in the whole society.

Utilizing the modelsThe ILO challenges all countries to develop systematically occupational safety and health. A national profile can be used as a starting point for this. It reveals the strengths, but also shows what is missing, and what should be emphasized. To ensure that not all countries must start from scratch, this National Profile of Finland can be used as a model. It is, however, important to recall that Finland as a small country has many advantages that make it easier to prepare such a profile. Moreover, the long history of OSH development in Finland meant that the amount of information available was probably greater than in many other countries. The existence of a model profile should encourage others to carry out a similar exercise in their own countries.


Suvi LehtinenFinnish Institute of Occupational [email protected]


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The 5th meeting of the SIHLWA Expert Group of the Northern Dimension Partnership in Public Health and Social Well-being was held on 67 March 2008 in Oslo, Norway. The beautiful and expansive surround-ings of the meeting venue can be expected to have enhanced far-sighted visions for the work plans of the sub-groups.

As has become standard practice, the three sub-groups of the SIHLWA Expert Group (Adolescents; Alcohol; Occupational Safety and Health) con-vened for plenary sessions, but the ma-jor part of the two days was devoted to discussions concerning the work plans of the sub-groups.

The discussions of the OSH group were to a large extent based on the recently-endorsed NDPHS Strategy on Health at Work. On the basis of the Strategy, a framework project plan was drafted last autumn before the Pre-PAC Forum in mid-November 2007. The aim was to produce a practically-oriented project plan for the implementation of the newly endorsed Strategy on Health at Work. It consists of five modules cor-responding to the core contents of the Strategy: National and Regional OSH Profiles; National OSH Programme; Development of Occupational Health Services; Reducing Risks and Prevent-ing Accidents through Training and Interventions; and Provision of Infor-mation Support.

The project plan on activities in North-West Russia was approved; fund-ing for the activities has been granted by the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The aim is also to involve other part-ners, the Baltic States, the other Nordic countries, and Poland and Germany in the project with additional funding from other sources. The appropriate forms and contents of collaboration for each

5th SIHLWA in Oslo

Suvi Lehtinen

partner country will also be discussed in the next annual meeting of the Baltic Sea Network on Occupational Health and Safety, scheduled for the beginning of October this year.

Five countries were represented in the SIHLWA OSH Group meeting: Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Norway, and the Russian Federation. In addi-tion, three international organizations, WHO, ILO and NDPHS Secretariat, contributed to the work of the OSH sub-group.

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The participants of the OSH sub-group discussed in detail how the newly endorsed NDPHS Strategy on Health at Work can best be implemented in practice.


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This thematic report contains the country reports of Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and the Russian Federation. The report is accessible at:http://www.ndphs.org/?database,searchresults


Editorial Board

Valeri Chashchin, Dr.Centre of Occupational Health, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Vladimir Masloboev, Prof.Kola Science Centre, Russian Federation

Juri Lupandin, Prof.Petrozavodsk State University, Russian Federation

Evgeny R. Boyko, Dr.Institute of Physiology, Ural Division Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation

Anatoly Vinogradov, Ph.D, Secretary General, Kola Science Centre, Russian Federation

Ingvar Holmr, Prof.Lund Technical University, Sweden

Randi Eidsmo Reinertsen, Research Director, Prof.SINTEF Health Research, Norway

Irmeli Kinnunen, Regional Director Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland

Collaborative organizations -

Finnish Institute of Occupational Health

Institute of Sanitary-Epidemiologic Research, Petrozavodsk

Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Archangelsk

Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences

Kola Research Laboratory of Occupational Health

National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway

North-West Public Health Centre, St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Labour and Occupational Diseases

State University of Petrozavodsk

SINTEF Health Research, Norway

Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Barentsnewsletter 1 2008

Documents

Transcript of Barentsnewsletter 1 2008