Barefoot walking
Transcript of Barefoot walking
![Page 1: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 1/36
By Jon Lewis
![Page 2: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 2/36
What do we need our feet to do?1. Absorb shock during loading
2. Adjust to different terrains
3. Become a rigid lever capable of forward propulsion
FLEXIBLERIGID
![Page 3: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 3/36
Barefoot Biomechanics
![Page 4: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 4/36
The ankle Made up of:
Tibia
Fibula Talus
Hinge Joint
PF/DF
![Page 5: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 5/36
The ankle
+ External
Rotation
+ Internal
Rotation
![Page 6: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 6/36
Subtalar Joint Formed by Talus and
calcaneus
3 articulating facets Important for walking on
uneven ground
![Page 7: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 7/36
The Subtalar Joint Triplanar Joint
![Page 8: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 8/36
Midtarsal Joint Articulations:
Talonavicular Joint
calcaneocuboid joint Movements:
Abd – Add
Circumduction
PF – DF
= PRO/SUPINATION
![Page 9: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 9/36
Ankle, subtalar, Midtarsal Complex Mitred Hinge
![Page 10: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 10/36
Arches
![Page 11: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 11/36
Arches Arches 3D
The foot is a tripod
Concave zone of
stability
![Page 12: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 12/36
Arches
![Page 13: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 13/36
Arches• Higher arches =
– Bones lock together
– Higher mechanical stability
– Less stress on Tie beam – Tensile strength/rigid
• Lower Arches =
– Bones unlock – Less stable
– Stress on tie beam
– Shock absorbing
![Page 14: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 14/36
Function of the footRigid lever for Propulsion Shock absorbant/flexible
![Page 15: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 15/36
Muscles acting on foot Types: Intrinsic & Extrinsic
Function: Propulsion & alterrigidity of arches during gait cycle
![Page 16: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 16/36
Force couples ‘Force Couples’ with opposing actions:
Tib Post : peroneus longus: rigidity transverse arch
![Page 17: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 17/36
Windlass Mechanism Contraction EHL/EDL
Passive tension of
Flexors and P.Fascia Sesmoids move
anteriory increasingtension of FDL
Raise arch – strong tiebeam - RIGID
![Page 18: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 18/36
Somatosensory Feedback
![Page 19: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 19/36
Gait Cycle
![Page 20: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 20/36
Pro PronationSupinationSup
![Page 21: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 21/36
Shoes prevent all these mechanisms
from happening properly
![Page 22: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 22/36
Act as cast restricting foots natural biomechanics
Cushions feet dampening sensory feedback and reflexactivity
Alters biomechanics up kinetic chain
Results in:
Muscle/Bone atrophy
Faulty remodeling Weakened biomechanics
![Page 23: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 23/36
Footwear Pathologies• Caused of foot pathologies: – Genetics – Footwear
• Pathologies: – Metatarsalgia – Plantar Fasciitis – Hallux valgus – Heel Spurs – Neuromas
– Achilles tendonitis – Shin Splints – PTFM probs – Hip/Back Pain
![Page 24: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 24/36
Footwear Design Characteristics
![Page 25: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 25/36
Heels Shift centre of mass forward
Adjustments to keep
upright Problems up kinetic chain
![Page 26: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 26/36
Heels Unequal WB Heel –
forefoot
Increased speed of Pro/PF
=> ↓Shock absorbing (Slap)
Increased pressure onforefoot
Shortening TA reducingefficiency of propulsion
![Page 27: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 27/36
Heels
![Page 28: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 28/36
Toe Spring
Compensates for reduced sole flexibility at ball
Raised toes create a rocker
FHL, FDL inhibition => reduced propulsion, muscle atrophy
![Page 29: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 29/36
Shoe flexibility Barefoot flexes at ball
All shoes flex 30-80% less
Sole creates flex resistance
=> fatigue Stair climbing in elderly
![Page 30: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 30/36
Shoe Fit Evidence that no footwear fits properly
Sizing system 630 years old
90% all shoes built snug (for support)
Restrictive toe box Natural expansion of foot (pronation)
Poorly formed arches
![Page 31: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 31/36
Restricted Natural Biomechanics
SHODBAREFOOT
↓ Great toe DF = ↓ Windlass
Mechanism
Lacing prevents arch raising
Stiff upper preventing hindfoot
supination MT DF’d relative to midfoot
Posterior sesamoids
↑ Stress on Plantar tie beam
Great toe DF =
↑ MT PF
Anterior sessamoids
Dome shaped arch
Free hindfoot ↓ Tension on soft tissue
![Page 32: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 32/36
Arch support Stabilise subtalar bysupporting arch
Shod vs unshod
No difference inalignment except heelheight.
![Page 33: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 33/36
Cushioning
Dissapates vertical shock
=> 10% ↓ at best
Pronation control more important for shock absorption
Cushioning ↓ proprioception for pronation
![Page 34: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 34/36
Desensitisation Cushioning – Rigid soles – Arch supports
Inhibits sensory stimulus needed to align bones forstability
Chronicly unstable=>degen up Kintetic chain
Expensive ‘protective’ running shoes => more injuries
Unshod population = No foot pathologies
![Page 35: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 35/36
Unhealthy Bone Remodelling
Wolfes law Chinese foot binding
Restrictive toe boxes
Weakened bony arch structure
Childrens feet negatively affected by 6 yo
![Page 36: Barefoot walking](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021323/577cc6c21a28aba7119f16d1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
8/12/2019 Barefoot walking
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/barefoot-walking 36/36
Physiotherapy Rx for foot related pathologies
Cushioning
Not as effective as efficient pronation
Orthotics Plantar contact angle
Short term
Exercise therapy
Not functional => low compliance Concentrates on flexors