Bard to the Bone!. 1564-1616 Birthplace: Stratford-Upon-Avon Married Anne Hathaway November 1882 –...
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Transcript of Bard to the Bone!. 1564-1616 Birthplace: Stratford-Upon-Avon Married Anne Hathaway November 1882 –...
Bard to the Bone!
Shakespeare
1564-1616Birthplace: Stratford-Upon-AvonMarried Anne Hathaway November 1882 – she was 26; he was 183 children: Susanna and twins Hamnet, and
JudithBy 1592 he was living in London as a well-
known playwright
William Shakespeare: His Life
Wrote 37 playsPlays divided into three categories: comedies,
tragedies, and historiesWrote many poems, including many well-
known sonnetsContributed more words, phrases, and
expressions to the English language than any other writer.
William Shakespeare: His Work
Lived during The Renaissance: a time of renewed interest in science, commerce, philosophy, and the arts
Queen Elizabeth IThe Elizabethan Age (1558-1603)England’s first theater was built in 1576
England in Shakespeare’s Day
1599Lord Chamberlain’s Menthree stories high, 100 feet in diametercould seat 3,000 spectatorsBurned in 1613Rebuilt in 1996
The Globe Theatre
The Globe Theatre
Actors were maleActors played several rolesFew props were used
The Globe Theatre
Plays were advertised by colored flagsFerry would transport playgoers across the
ThamesAdmission was dropped in a box by the doorVendors sold nuts, beer, oranges, water,
gingerbread, apples, and seat cushionsThere was a new play every dayRehearsals were usually less than two weeks
The Globe Theatre
Drama that ends in catastrophe—often death—for the main character as well as several other important characters
Often life is controlled by a pattern of fortune and fatePoetic in nature (iambic pentameter)Moves the audience to feel pity and fearInvolves a tragic hero—noble figure who suffers a
reversal of fortune and faces uncommon suffering with uncommon dignity
Tragic hero is a literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy
Shakespeare wrote 10 tragedies
Shakespearean Tragedy
Elements of Drama
A remark made by an actor either to the audience or another actor that other characters on the stage are not supposed to hear
These are usually marked in the text and are spoken to the audience unless otherwise noted.
Abram: Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?Sampson: [aside to Gregory] Is the law of our side if I say
ay?Gregory: [aside to Sampson] No.Sampson: No, sir, I do not bite my thumb at you, sir; but I
bite my thumb, sir.Romeo and Juliet, Act I, scene i
Aside
A brief reference to something outside the work that the reader or audience is expected to know
Examples: historical events, other works of literature, biblical references, mythology
Should in the farthest East begin to drawThe shady curtains from Aurora’s bed.
Romeo and JulietAct I, Scene i
Allusion
A humorous scene, incident, or speech that relieves the overall emotional intensity
Thou tickleth thy funny bone with thine words of humor!
Comic Relief
A character whose qualities contrast with those of another character
The differences help emphasize the characteristics of each character
Foil
The audience is aware of something that the characters are not
Dramatic Irony
Situational irony is defined in literature when one's actions lead to a result which is the opposite of what was intended or expected.
A man who is a traffic cop gets his license suspended for unpaid parking tickets.
While situational irony can be used in comedy, it is used to profound effect in drama and is often associated with tragedy.In Romeo and Juliet, situational irony occurs
when Romeo attempts to prevent a fight later in the play.
Situational Irony
A long speech which is spoken to other characters on stage
Monologue
A long dramatic speech in which a character expresses his or her feelings
The character is usually alone on stage
Soliloquy
A statement that seems to contradict itself but is actually true and holds a deeper truth.
“So fair and foul a day I have not seen.”
Macbeth“Cowards die many times before their deaths.”
Julius Caesar
Paradox
A specialized paradox -- a fusing of opposite or contradictory words to suggest a paradox in a few words –a paradox is different from an oxymoron
because it contains contradictory words that are separated by one or more intervening words. In an oxymoron, the words are next to one another)
Oxymoron
The placing of two ideas, characters, or events in close proximity to one another so that their differences and similarities become clear – or come more sharply into focus.
In Romeo and Juliet, juxtapositions includepeasants and aristocrats;romantic Romeo and blazing Tybalt;the dreamy Romeo and the more practical Julietromance and purity of the balcony scene with
Romeo's friend Mercutio’s lewd sexual jokes in the previous scene
Juxtaposition
a figure of speech in which a spoken phrase is devised to be understood in either of two ways. Typically one of the interpretations is rather
obvious whereas the other is more subtle. The more subtle of the interpretations may
have a humorous, ironic, or risqué purpose
Double entendre
a recurring object, concept, or structure in a work of literatureStars in Romeo and JulietLight and darkLove being blind
Motif
A play on words
Math teachers have a lot of problems.
To write with a broken pencil is pointless.
I wondered why the baseball was getting closer. Then it hit me.
Pun
www.folger.eduwww.swainkids.comwww.howardcollege.eduwww.enotes.comwww.punoftheday.comStandard Deviants School of ShakespeareThe Language of Literature textbook
Resources