Barba Mater Lessons from history on university structures Riga, April, 2012 By Harry Fekkers...
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Transcript of Barba Mater Lessons from history on university structures Riga, April, 2012 By Harry Fekkers...
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Barba MaterLessons from history
on university structures
Riga, April, 2012By Harry FekkersMaastricht University
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Contents
University structures; e.g. Baltic Universities
Theory: Mintzberg
The first universities
Universities during enlightenment
The Humboldtian university
Twentieth Century
Now and the future
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Baltic Universities
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Uni of Tartu
VilniusTechnicalUniversity
Uni ofLatvia
Estonian Uni Of Life Sciences
Talinn Uni Of Technology
Yanka KupalaGrodno
Talinn Uni Klaipeda Uni
Latvia Uni Of Agricult.
Riga Uni Of Technology
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Theory
Framework to interpret facts and developments
Mintzberg (Structuring in fives, M. On Management): 6 elements of structure
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Coordination in organisations
Mutual adjustment, which achieves coordination by the simple process of informal communication (as between two operating employees)
Direct supervision, is achieved by having one person issue orders or instructions to several others whose work interrelates (as when a boss tells others what is to be done, one step at a time)
Standardization of work processes, which achieves coordination by specifying the work processes of people carrying out interrelated tasks (those standards usually being developed in the technostructure to be carried out in the operating core, as in the case of the work instructions that come out of time-and-motion studies)
Standardization of outputs, which achieves coordination by specifying the results of different work (again usually developed in the technostructure, as in a financial plan that specifies subunit performance targets or specifications that outline the dimensions of a product to be produced)
Standardization of skills (as well as knowledge), in which different work is coordinated by virtue of the related training the workers have received (as in medical specialists - say a surgeon and an anesthetist in an operating room –responding almost automatically to each other’s standardized procedures)
Standardization of norms, in which it is the norms infusing the work that are controlled, usually for the entire organization, so that everyone functions according to the same set of beliefs (as in a religious order)
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The first Universities
Bologna, Paris, Salerno and many more.
In 1400 there were some 100 universities in Europe
Student bodies
Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in 1155: Authentica Habita
Structure: pioneering, entrepreneurial
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First universities
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Scientific Revolution
XV – XVII century, Enlightenment
Many discoveries/theories outside the university
University mainly teaching
Research: experiment, new instruments. Technology: Leonardo, microscope, telescope. Development of Mathematics
Breakthroughs: Descartes, Brahe, Galileo, Newton
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Universities of Enlightenment
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The von Humboldt University
Integration of research and teaching
Academic freedom
Elitist
Not only technology and physics: humaniora and arts
Priviliges, research facilities
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Humboldtian
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State Universities IX-XX
National needs
Academic – professional bureaucracy
Demographic democracy
Specialisation, pigeon holes
Structure hierarchical but, how do you manage wild cats
Committees
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The State Universities
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Innovation in XXI
Scientific breakthoughs: ICT, life sciences
Large scale research
Knowledge as economic driver
Large proportion of population needs higher education
Competition, the “Perfect Storm”
State funding cannot keep pace with needs
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The Innovative University
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Youngest member of ECIU
ECIU = European Consortium of Innovative Universities
11 members, Swinburne became member in 2003
Swimburne University of Technology
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Structure of Swimburne
Faculties only one branch of activity.Serve as sources.
Main structure geared towards markets
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Overview
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Context of decision making
Academic
Government
Market
(Burton Clark, 1988, 2003 )
• Strengthened steering core
• Enhanced development periphery
• Diversified funding base• Stimulated academic
heartland• Entrepreneurial
belief/spirit
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Return of a Duplex Ordo?
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Litterature
Henry Mintzberg (McGill, Canada): Structure in 5’s: designing effective organisations, 1983, Prentice Hal Mintzberg on Management, 1989, MacMillan, New York
Hilde de Ridder-Symoens & Walter Rüegg (editors): A History of the University in Europe, Vol. I (Middle Ages), Vol. II (1500-1800), Vol. III (1800-
1945), Vol. IV (1945- present, forthcoming), 1996, Cambrige University Press
Paul F. Grendler: The Universities of the Italian Renaissance, 2004, John Hopkins University Press
Gabriel Compayré: Abelard and the Origin and Early History of Universities, 1893, London, William Heineman
Burton R. Clark: Creating Entrepreneurial Universities, 1998, Oxford: Pergamon-Elsevier Science Sustaining Change in Universities: Continuities in Case Studies and Concepts, 2004, Open
University Press
Michael Shattock: Managing Successful Universities, 2003, Open University Press