Bar Bending Schedule Excel Form4(2)

8/10/2019 Bar Bending Schedule Excel Form4(2)

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MEng 4 Integrated Design Project Individual Report -Volume 1 Group 3

CONTENTS PAGE

ontents Page!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 1 -

"ist o# $a%les!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 4 -

$a%le o# &igures!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ' -

()nopsis!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- * -

1!+ Introduction!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- , -

!+ Project development!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- . -

!1 Introduction!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- . -

! Researc/!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- . -

!3 onceptual Design!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 10 -

!4 (c/eme c/oice at conceptual design stage!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ' -

!' &eed%ac #rom onceptual Design Intervie2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 31 -

!* Detailed Design!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 31 -

!, &eed%ac #rom Detailed Design Intervie2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 3' -

!0 &inal design!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 3* -

!. &eed%ac #rom Design (eminar!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 3, -

3!+ Met/od (tatements!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 30 -

3!1 Description o# or and "ocation!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 30 -

3! Piling met/od statement!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 30 -

3!3 Rein#orcement Met/od statement!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 4 -

3!4 al2a) Met/od statement!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 44 -

emis 5um%er 44,4 1 (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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4!+ Material (peci6cation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 4' -

4!1 (teel Elements omprising t/e Piling #oundations!!!!!!!!!!!!- 4' -

4! (teel connections to Piling #oundations!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 4* -

4!3 (teel Rein#orcement!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 4, -

4!4 al2a) components!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 40 -

'!+ onstruction Processes!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 4. -

*!+ $esting Procedures!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- '1 -

*!1 D)namic Pile $esting 7DP$8!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- '1 -

*! "oading test!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ' -

*!3 Metallic coating to %eams #or al2a)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ' -

,!+ Per#ormanceriteria!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- '4 -

,!1 orrosion Protection!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- '4 -

0!+ Maintenance!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ', -

0!1 Maintenance o# Piling 2ors!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ', -

0! Maintenance o# cat/odic protection o# Piling 2ors!!!!!!!!!!- '0 -

.!+ "i#e c)cle 9na)lsis!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- * -

.!1 "i#e )cle 9nal)sis o# t/e Piling &oundations!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- * -

.! Inventor) 9nal)sis!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- *4 -

1+!+ Ris 9ssessment!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- *, -

1+!1 Piling Ris 9ssessment!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- *0 -

1+! (teel 6:ing Ris 9ssessment!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- *. -

1+!3 al2a) Ris 9ssessment!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - ,+ -

11!+ dm Regulations!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ,1 -

emis 5um%er 44,4 (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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11!1 Introduction!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ,1 -

11! Riss assessed %) DM Regulations #or Piling!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- , -

11!3 DM Regulations #or oring in ostal conditions;over 2ater!-

,3 -

11!4 9pplication o# DM regulations during onstruction!!!!!!! !- ,' -

1!+


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LIST OF TABLES

$a%le 1 @ Matri: c/oice o# Pile s)stem to %e used!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 1. -

$a%le @ omparison o# >rie# 2it/ solutions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ' -

$a%le 3 @ omparison o# prices 2it/ solutions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- * -

$a%le 4 @ Decision matri:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 3+ -

$a%le ' @ &reBuenc) o# #unctional c/ecs 7>(IC ++18!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- *+ -

$a%le * @ Em%odied energ) in materials!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- *4 -

$a%le , @ Energ) consumption during construction!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- *' -

$a%le 0 @ Energ) consumption during Maintenance!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ** -

$a%le . @ Piling Ris 9ssessment!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- *0 -

$a%le 1+ @ (teel 6:ing Ris 9ssessment!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- *. -

$a%le 11 al2a) Ris 9ssessment!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- ,+ -

$a%le 1 @ 5oise made due to piling 2it/ steel Piles 7>(1C 1..8! - 01

-

$a%le 13 @ Environmental assessment "eopold matri:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- .4 -

$a%le 14 @ >ill o# ?uantities!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 1++ -

emis 5um%er 44,4 ' (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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emis 5um%er 44,4 * (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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TABLE OF FIGURES

&igure i @ Map o# 9rea during 10'4 1.+1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 1+ -

&igure ii @ Map o# 9rea during 1.+* 1.3.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 1+ -

&igure iii @ Map o# 9rea during 1.4 1.4.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 11 -

&igure iv @ Map o# 9rea during 1.43 1..'!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 11 -

&igure v @ 9erial vie2 o# e:isting li#e%oat station!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 13 -

&igure vi @ Detailed map o# site location!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 14 -

&igure vii Geolog) o# 9rea!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 1' -

&igure viii @ -Pile ()stem!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- + -

&igure i: @ Image illustrating a jac up >arge!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- '+ -

&igure : @ >at/ing aters!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 1+ -

&igure :i @ 5ature Reserves!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 1+ -

&igure :iii @ (ites o# special scienti6c interest !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 1+ -

&igure :iii @ Marine sensitive areas!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!- 1+ -

emis 5um%er 44,4 , (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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SYNOPSIS

$/e o%jective o# t/is report is t/e design and planning o# t/e piling

#oundations o# a proposed R!5!"!I slip2a) li#e%oat station at (else)!

$/e li#e%oat station is part o# t/e redevelopment o# old li#e%oat

stations %) t/e R!5!"!I!

$/is report s/o2s t/e project developmentC #rom concept to detailed

6nal design! $/e 6nal design c/osen 2as to use 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 steel

pilesC to support t/e steel #rameC to t/e sla% and t/e portal #rame

superstructure! 9ll piles to %e protected #rom corrosion %) a

tec/niBue no2n as cat/odic protection! $/e design /as %een

undertaen %) com%ined computer so#t2are anal)sis and /and

calculationsC construction dra2ings /ave %een included!

$/is report also loos at construction resources #or t/e piling

#oundations including a cost appraisal in t/e #orm o# a >ill o#

?uantities giving a construction cost o# 3+C+*'!4'C ris assessments

and mitigations giving a 6nancial contingenc) o# '.C'++C 2/ole li#e

costing giving a total li#e cost o# '31C40.C'.C a Gantt c/art s/o2ing

t/e piling #oundation activities and construction duration o# 3.da)sC

detailed met/od statement #or t/e main area o# 2orC DM appraisal



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and material speci6cations including per#ormance criteriaC

construction processes and environmental assessment!

emis 5um%er 44,4 . (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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1 .0 INTRODUCTION

$/is report contains t/e design o# t/e &oundations and 2al2a)

connecting t/e s/oreline to a proposed #ull) operating R!5!"!I slip2a)

li#e%oat station at (else)!

$/e report includes t/e development o# t/e designC recommendations

#or t/e 6nal designC calculationsC dra2ingsC met/od statementC ris

assessmentsC DM appraisalC Gantt c/art 2it/ resource aggregationC

>ill o# ?uantities and material speci6cationsC including an

environmental assessment #or t/e construction o# t/e #oundations and

2al2a)!

$/is is Volume 1 o# t/e report and s/ould %e read in conjunction 2it/

Volumes C and 3 along 2it/ t/e Preliminar) Engineering Report!

Volume 1 o# t/e report covers t/e design o# t/e &oundations and

2al2a) connecting t/e s/oreline to a proposed #ull) operating

R!5!"!I slip2a) li#e%oat station at (else)!

emis 5um%er 44,4 1+ (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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Volume o# t/e report covers t/e design o# t/e slip2a) and t/e sla%

arrangement to a proposed #ull) operating R!5!"!I slip2a) li#e%oat

station at (else)!

Volume 3 o# t/e report covers t/e design o# t/e superstructure to a

proposed #ull) operating R!5!"!I slip2a) li#e%oat station at (else)!

$/e Preliminar) Engineering Report covers t/e group conceptual

researc/ and design solutions #or t/e R!5!"!I "i#e%oat station!



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2 .0 PROJ ECT DEVE LOPM ENT

2.1 Introdut!on

$/is c/apter illustrates t/e development o# t/e #oundation design #or

t/e li#e%oat station #rom t/e conceptual design stage up to t/e 6nal

design! It s/o2s t/e development o# t/is particular aspect o# t/e

sc/eme! It #ollo2s t/e general researc/ 2/ic/ is detailed in t/e

Preliminar) Engineering ReportC and demonstrates t/e individual

researc/ done a%out t/e #oundationsC construction pro%lemsC loadingC

design development and c/oice o# construction met/od!

2.2 R"#"$r%

Muc/ o# t/e researc/ 2as made at t/e conceptual stageC and is

contained in t/e preliminar) report! >elo2 is researc/ t/at is

applica%le to t/e design o# t/e #oundationC t/us producing

considerations #or an) #uture design!



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2.2.1 S!t" %!#tor&.

&igure i @ Map o# 9rea during 10'4 1.+1C 7Digimap istoricC ++*8!

&igure ii @ Map o# 9rea during 1.+* 1.3.C 7Digimap istoricC ++*8!



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&igure iii @ Map o# 9rea during 1.4 1.4.C ourtes) o# 7Digimap istoricC ++*8!

&igure iv @ Map o# 9rea during 1.43 1..'C ourtes) o# 7Digimap istoricC ++*8!

9s t/e maps a%ove s/o2C #or t/e last 1'+ )ears t/is area /as %een ver)

sparsel) populatedC 2it/ no #orm o# industr) development! $/e area

/as %een dedicated as a li#e%oat station #or t/e last 1'+ )ears!

$/ere#ore contamination o# t/e area s/ould %e ver) little! Potential



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contamination could come #rom #uel storage #or t/e li#e%oats t/is 2ill

%e investigated in an) #uture environmental assessment!

2.2.2 G"n"r$' !n(or)$t!on

Pro*'" '"+"' ,

E:isting (tation

"ong sloping %eac/

Deep 2ater access

-$t"r '"+"' ,

ig/ tide@ F '!' m

"o2 tide@ F +!1 m

$idal Range@ F '!+4 m

A"## ,

Eas) access #rom 2ater since t/e station is at t/e

end o# a Pier 7good dept/8

5ot eas) access and paring #or t/e cre2 and t/e

emergenc) services!

&urt/ermore t/e materials /ave to %e %roug/t %)

sea!

T%" #"$ r"##ur"/ t%" r"##ur" o( t%" $+"#

Ma:imum tidal stream 7not8 @ !4 not

emis 5um%er 44,4 1' (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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Ma:imum tidal stream 7m;s8 @ 1!3 m;s

emis 5um%er 44,4 1* (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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E'"tr!!t& #u'&

$/ere 2ould %e no pro%lems to t/e po2er suppl) i# t/e e:isting

li#e%oat station 2as to %e replaced! $/e ne2er li#e%oat station 2ould

%e a%le to use a similar electricit) suppl) as t/e older station!

-$t"r #u'&

5o pro%lem to suppl) 2aterC along a roadC on t/e %eac/!

2.2. E!#t!n3 '!("4o$t #t$t!on.

&igure v @ 9erial vie2 o# e:isting li#e%oat stationC 7"ive "ocalC ++,8!

&igure illustrates t/e e:isting location o# t/e li#e%oat station! $/is

s/o2s t/e 2al2a) 2/ic/ connects t/e station to t/e land and a car

emis 5um%er 44,4 1, (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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paring space to accommodate t/e cre2 and emergenc) services! $/e

possi%le location o# t/e proposed li#eguard station is s/o2n in t/e

/atc/ed area s/o2n adjacent to t/e station! $/is 2ill tae #ull o#

advantage o# t/e e:isting #acilities planning issues s/ould not %e a

pro%lem due to demolition o# an old station and replacing it 2it/ a

ne2 one!

$/ere /as %een a station located in t/is area since t/e 10++s

t/ere#ore site conditions s/ould not %e a pro%lem #or an) #uture

development!

&igure vi @ Detailed map o# site location 7DigimapC ++,a8!



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&igure vii Geolog) o# 9reaC ourtes) o# 7(HP9C 1...a8

&igure 3 illustrates t/e location o# /ig/ and lo2 2ater levels! $/is

s/o2s t/at t/e li#e%oat station location is more t/an adeBuate

concerning 2ater levels! $/e tidal range at mean spring tides is

around 4!, m at (else)! In t/e central part o# t/e /annelC t/e

ma:imum speed o# tidal currents on mean spring tides is %et2een

+!,' and 1!+ m;s! and can increase to 1!' m;s! 7Englis/ 5atureC

++*8!

emis 5um%er 44,4 1. (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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$/is 6gure also e:plains t/at t/e main topsoil is sand and s/ingle!

&igure 4 demonstrates t/at (else) is located 2it/in t/e "ondon la)

#ormationC 2/ic/ is made up o# cla)! $/ere#ore t/e structural soil

properties o# la) 2ill %e used #or t/e #oundation design!

2.2.5 D"#!3n on#!d"r$t!on# 4$#"d on r"#"$r%

E:isting (tation /as piled #oundations t/ere#ore it 2ould %e sa#e to

assume #rom t/e researc/ t/at using piled #oundations #or t/e

proposed li#e%oat station 2ould %e t/e most suita%le option!

"ong sloping %eac/ signi6es t/at t/e location o# t/e li#e%oat station

can moved! it/ c/ange o# locationC t/e #oundation design 2ill

c/angeC due to c/ange in tide levels! $/is could increase or decrease

t/e sies o# t/e mem%ers!

Deep 2ater access t/ere#ore indicates t/e #oundation 2ill /ave to %e

used as a column #or t/e li#e%oat station!

9 tidal range o# over ' m means t/at t/e #oundation 2ill /ave to %e

constructed 2/ile su%merged in t/e 2ater!

9ccess on site is di=icult t/ere#ore most o# t/e materials 2ill /ave to

come to site %) seaC 2it/ construction over 2ater!

emis 5um%er 44,4 + (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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$/ere 2ould %e no pro%lems to t/e po2er suppl) i# t/e e:isting

li#e%oat station 2as to %e replaced! $/e ne2er li#e%oat station 2ould

%e a%le to use a similar electricit) suppl) as t/e older station! $/is

could /elp 2it/ possi%le protection met/ods!

Ground conditions! 7"ondon cla)8

- *m o# sand

- 3+m o# cla)

Properties o# (and!

- Moderatel) /ig/ compressi%ilit) reBuiring lo2 %earing

pressures in order to avoid e:cessive settlement o#

#oundations!

Properties o# la)! 7(ti=8!

- Relativel) /ig/ %earing capacit)!

- Moderate to lo2 compressi%ilit)!



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- eav) structures #ounded on t/em s/o2 slo2 settlement

over a ver) long

period o# time 7$omlinsonC ++18!

- &oundation s/ould %e taen do2n to a dept/ 2/ere t/ere

2ill %e little or no

movement #rom s2elling or s/rinage!

- (/ear strengt/ varies due to 6ssures in cla)sC 2it/ 6ssures

%eing /ard to

- predict 7$omlinsonC ++18!

emis 5um%er 44,4 (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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2. Con"tu$' D"#!3n

$/e e:isting structure o# t/e li#e%oat station at (else) /as %een in

operation since t/e 10++s! $/e implementation o# a ne2 generation

li#e%oat station is applica%le to t/is location! "i#e%oats are %ecoming

larger and man) o# t/e old li#e%oat stations suc/ as (else) simpl)

cant 6t t/em!

$/e R5"I design %rie# states t/at li#e%oat stations s/ould /ave a '+

)ear design li#e! 9s (else) is onl) + )ears oldC it /as not come to t/e

end o# its design li#e! >ut due to t/e sie o# t/e e:isting stationC lac o#

#acilities doesnt meet modern da) standardsC so renovation o# t/e

e:isting structure is inappropriate!

>elo2 are t/e e) pro%lem areas associated 2it/ t/e (else) site and

potential solutions!

2..1 Found$t!on #t")

$/e major pro%lem 2it/ t/e #oundation design 2as t/at an) #orm o#

construction 2ould /ave to %e 2it/in t/e medium o# 2ater! ater

poses pro%lems suc/ as corrosionC construction processesC and /ealt/

A sa#et) riss!



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$/e 6rst decision made 2as to use piled #oundationsC piled

#oundations /ave %een used in marine construction #or /undreds o#

)ears 7$omlinsonC ++18C and t/ere#ore it 2as t/e o%vious s)stem to go

#or! Jsing traditional #oundations suc/ as pad #oundations 2ould /ave

meant t/e use o# temporar) 2ors suc/ as a co=erdamC 2/ic/ 2ould

/ave %een potentiall) ver) e:pensive #or a relativel) small project!

$/e ne:t pro%lem encountered 2as 2/ic/ piling s)stem to useC eit/er

driven or %ored piling! Due to t/e ground conditions o# sand and cla)C

it 2as decided t/at driven piles 2ould %e most suita%le! $/e) can %e

readil) carried a%ove ground level especiall) in marine structures

7$omlinsonC ++18 2/ic/ 6ts t/e speci6c needs o# t/is project 2it/ an

added %onus o# no spoil %eing created #rom t/e drivingC t/us not

altering t/e 2ater environment!

$o de6ne 2/at t)pe o# pile 2ill %e usedC a comparison 2it/ a decision

matri: is use#ul!

Hn t/e le#t is t/e magnitude o# impact@ #rom + to '

Hn t/e rig/t is t/e importance o# t/e impact@ #rom + to 1+

9ugured concrete pile Displacement (teel pile

Di=icult) o# design ;, 3;,ost o# plant ;* 3;'(peed o# construction ;' 4;4(a#et) ';. ';.



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5oise impact *;4 ;0Tot$' 106 11

$a%le 1 @ Matri: c/oice o# Pile s)stem to %e used!

Driven Displacement piles are more adapted to t/is particular project!



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T&"# o( Dr!+"n P!'"#

(teel piles 2it/ Rein#orced concrete!

Precast Piles!

(teel piles!

$/e decision 2as to use a steel tu%ular pile 2it/ concrete encased

2it/in and rein#orced 2it/ a steel pile as t/e structural element!

-Pile

oncrete

$u%ular (teel Pile

&igure viii @ -Pile ()stem!

Properties o# -piles include 7see 6gure viii8@

ig/ arr)ing capacit)

ard driving 2it/out s/attering

an %e lengt/ened %) 2elding

Good resistance to lateral #orces and %ucling

9dvantageous in marine structures 2/ere t/eir resilience and

column strengt/ in



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resisting impact #orces #rom s/ips 7$omlinsonC ++18!

ig/ tensile allo) steel piles 2ill %e used as t/e) are suita%le #or

/ig/ impact #orces #rom s/ips or 2aves in lo2 temperature

conditions 7$omlinsonC ++18!

(teel piles corrodes at a speed o# +! +!. mm;)ear!

9ll concrete to %e /ig/ sulp/ate resisting grade '+C 2it/ a

cement content o# 33' g;mKC 2it/ t/e 2ater cement ratio not

e:ceeding +!4!

$/e ne2 station needs to provide an aest/eticall) pleasing and /ig/l)

#unctional %uildingC )et at t/e same time t/e #orm and materials used

need to 6t in 2it/ t/e e:isting area!

$/e relativel) small cross-sectional area o# steel piles com%ined 2it/

t/eir /ig/ strengt/ maes penetration easier in 6rm soil 79%e%e A

(mit/C 1...8. $/e) can %e easil) cut o= or joined %) 2elding! 9s t/e

pile 2ill %e surrounded %) 2aterC t/ere 2ill %e a ris o# corrosionC %ut

ris o# corrosion is not as great as one mig/t t/in!

It is common to allo2 #or an amount o# corrosion in design %) simpl)

over dimensioning t/e cross-sectional area o# t/e steel pile! In t/is

2a) t/e corrosion process can %e prolonged up to '+ )ears! 5ormall)

t/e speed o# corrosion is +!-+!' mm;)ear andC in designC t/is value



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can %e taen as 1mm;)ear 79%e%e A (mit/C 1...8! $/ere#ore as added

protectionC concrete 2ill %e pumped into t/e centre o# t/e pileC so in

a=ect t/ere 2ill %e a concrete pile surrounded %) a steel casingC so

2/en t/e steel eventuall) corrodes t/e concrete 2ill support t/e

structure!

$/ese piles 2ill %e connected to rein#orced concrete %eams acting as

pile caps! $/e %eams 2ill t/en %e connected to a rein#orced concrete

Loor designed to >( 011+- Part 1C >( 011+- Part C >( 011+- Part 3! 9

ig/ grade concrete 2ill need to %e used so to avoid erosion #rom t/e

elements and t/e steel 2ill /ave a minimum o# '+mm concrete cover

t/is is to /ave protection to prevent corrosion!

2..2 In!t!$' d"#!3n.

orst loading@

>oat +


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2.. Pro4'"), Cont$)!n$t!on

9s mentioned in section !!1 t/e maps s/o2C #or t/e last 1'+ )ears

t/is area /as %een ver) sparsel) populatedC 2it/ no #orm o# industr)

development! $/e area /as %een dedicated solel) #or use as a li#e%oat

station #or t/e last 1'+ )ears!

It is unliel) t/at contamination 2ill /ave to %e dealt 2it/! Potential

#or contamination 2ill %e #rom construction or operation processes!

&or e:ampleC a small possi%ilit) o# contamination t/roug/ oil or petrol

spillage at sites 2/ere an older li#e%oat station is %eing replaced %) a

ne2er one!

$o avoid t/e ris o# contaminating t/e marine environment a detailed

sc/eme;met/od statement #or 2ors on site s/ould %e created to

prevent pollution!

2..5 Pro4'"), S!t" A"## $nd Tr$:! M$n$3")"nt.

$/ere is one road in and out o# t/e to2n - 2/ic/ %rieL) %ecomes a

%ridge at a point no2n as Nt/e #err)NC crossing t/e 2ater inlet at

Pag/am ar%our 7a part o# >ognor8! $/e term #err) is used %ecause at

t/e %ridge point t/ere 2as at one time a #err)man 2/o too people

across to t/e island 72iipediaC ++,8!

emis 5um%er 44,4 . (else) "i#e%oat (tation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bognorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bognor


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$/is is a %us) area as it is a local costal route connecting to t/e main

to2n o# (else)! $/e construction 2ors s/ould not adversel) a=ect

congestion on t/e in and out o# t/e to2nC as t/e project is not a large

scale civil engineering project!

9#ter construction o# t/e siteC t/ere 2ill %e a no increase in t/e volume

o# t/e population using t/e "i#e%oat station as it is replacing t/e

e:isting station!

$o ensure tra=ic is not a pro%lemC deliveries s/ould not correspond

2it/ rus/ /our periods and minimal distur%ance 2it/ local routes

s/ould %e ascertained! Jsing suppl) %arges as a means o#

ascertaining t/e materials is also advantageous!

2..6 Pro4'"), Cr$n" $nd !'!n3 $"##.

9s t/e li#e%oat station is surrounded %) 2aterC t/ere 2ill %e an issue

2it/ getting t/e materials to siteC and li#ting /eav) materials around

site 2ill not %e eas)! Piling also 2ill %e di=icult as t/ere is 2ater

constantl) surrounding t/e location!

&irstl) a 2al2a) 2ill %e constructed #rom t/e land to t/e site 2/ere

materials can %e delivered straig/t to site! 9ll materials 2ill %e stored

on land under /ig/ securit)! 9 mini crane plat#orm 2ill %e constructed

emis 5um%er 44,4 3+ (else) "i#e%oat (tation


31/133


adjacent to t/e site t/ere#ore li#ting /eav) materials around t/e site

2it/ ease! oncerning t/e piling a spud leg piling rig s)stem is to %e

used to install t/e piles! $/is maes access relativel) eas) as t/e

pilling rig Loats to its destination!

2..8 Pro4'"), ;"$'t% $nd S$("t& !n U#"

Due to t/e #undamental nature o# li#e%oat station constructionC

2oring over 2ater is going to cause major /ealt/ and sa#et) issues!

it/ t/e potential o# immersion and even #atalit) %eing /ig/ during

t/e construction process! $/e onl) logical 2a) to mitigate against

suc/ riss is to create a Ris assessmentC and met/od statement

detailing t/e ris and conseBuences 2it/ control measures e=ectivel)

reducing t/e ris o# injur)



32/133


2.5 S%")" %o!" $t on"tu$' d"#!3n #t$3"

It 2as decided to do a c/eclist o# t/e R5"I room reBuirementsC and

t/en compare t/eses to t/e preliminar) conceptual dra2ings! $/us

providing t/e %est solution #or t/e %rie#!

ROOM Ot!on 1 Ot!on 2 Ot!on Bo$t roo) Designed to (I %rie#

>rie#

(tatus(ie

>rie#(tatus

(ie>rie#

(tatus(ie

Cr" roo) ,mO 9rea

3*mO 1 34 mO 1 3

m

O 1 3'

m

O

Including a galle) 1 0 mO 1 *mO 1 *

mO

C%$n3!n3 roo)

9rea 3+mO 1 3* mO 1 31mO 1 31

mO

"ocated atground level +

&irst&loor 1 +

&irst&loor

M$n$3"r


33/133


O O

9rea Q 1++mO 1+ mO 1

1.4

mO 1

1.4

mO

TOTAL 13 16 .

1 it passes>rie#

+ it doesntpass >rie#

$a%le @ omparison o# >rie# 2it/ solutions!

Jsing t/e >rie# as a c/eclistC solution is s/o2n as t/e most

#avoura%le solution #or t/e li#e%oat station!

2.5.1 Co#t

$/ere are man) issues 2/ic/ need to %e reLected upon 2/en deciding

2/ic/ sc/eme 2ill %e c/osen as t/e pre#erred oneC one o# t/ese

implications is cost! 9s t/is is a preliminar) report and t/e designs are

at a conceptual stageC t/e Loor area 2ill %e used to calculate t/e

overall cost roug/l)!

(pons 9rc/itects and >uilders Price >oo reveals t/e cost to %uild an

am%ulance station is %et2een ,3+ and 1C+0+ per sBuare metre

7"angdonC D! ++*8! $/e use o# an am%ulance station is onl) a guide as

t/e %oo did not /ave li#e%oat stations as an option!

ost o# t/e

Hption

Hption 1 734*

m8

Hption 73+

m8

Hption 3 73+

m8&rom 'C '0+ 33C*++ 33C*++Jp to 3,3C *0+ 34'C*++ 34'C*++



34/133


$a%le 3 @ omparison o# prices 2it/ solutions!

9t t/is preliminar) stageC t/is doesnt tae into account t/e slip2a) or

#oundation and sla% designC %ut just t/e structure o# t/e actual

li#e%oat station! >ut at t/is stage it gives some #orm o# indication on

costing #or eac/ sc/eme even t/oug/ t/e) seem ver) lo2!



35/133


2.5.2 D"!#!on M$tr!.

Hption 1

e decided to mae a Loor station! $/e c/anging room and t/e cre2

room are upstairs and a pat/2a) 2ill %e created to lin t/em toget/er!

$/e ground Loor is more %asic 2it/ t/e souvenir s/opC and t/e o=ice

on a side and t/e mec/anical storage rooms on t/e ot/er!

Hption

$/is solution /as #e2 di=erences@ its a single store) station! $/e

o=ice /as a vie2 on t/e sea 2/ic/ can %e an advantage! $/e station is

compact all rooms are close to t/e ot/ers! 9 disadvantage o# t/is

solution is t/at it could reBuire a /ig/er sur#ace o# pilling t/is means

a /ig/er cost!

Hption 3

e decided to mae a Loor station! In t/is solution 2e /ave t/e

cre2 room and t/e souvenir s/op is upstairs! $/e ground Loor is

occupied %) t/e o=iceC t/e c/anging room and t/e mec/anical

storage! In t/is solutionC most o# t/e rooms are orientated to t/e sea!



36/133


2.5. Cr!t"r!$=# $nd t%"!r )$3n!tud"

During Construction

>uild a%ilit) is an important criterion in ever) construction

project!

9s t/e %rie# doesnt state an) time constraintsC t/e time o#

construction isnt an important criteria!

ost is al2a)s an important criteria especiall) in t/is case as

t/e R5"I is a c/arit) organisationC t/ere#ore mone) comes #rom

donations! $/is 2ill %e a ver) important consideration at t/e

design stage!

During operation

Practica%ilit) #or users is t/e most important criteriaC %ecause

t/e) need to %e as e=icient as possi%le! $/e di=erence %et2een

good and %ad practica%ilit) could lead to t/e increase o# lives

saved!

Deliver) #acilities are also important #or t/e good operation o#

t/e station!

om#ort #or users is Buite important %ecause it is t/eir 2or

place and t/e) spend most o# t/eir time in it!



37/133


General

"ocation (uita%ilit) o# t/e project is important! It /as to %e

integrated in t/e site and pleasant #or people living around!

9ccess concerns t/e needs o# t/e li#eguardsC and i# it is possi%le

#or t/em to get to t/e li#e%oat station as Buic as possi%le! Ht/er

access comes in t/e #orm o# people 2/o visit and tour t/e

station!

"ocal Interest depends o# t/e vie2 2alers could get #rom and

in t/e station! It is use#ul #or increasing donations!



38/133


2.5.5 L"oo'd M$tr!.

riteria is de6ned a%oveC t/eir magnitude 7#rom 1 to 'C ' %eing t/e

most important8 depend o# t/eir importance #or t/e project! $/e t/ree

solutions are mared on t/ese criteria 2it/ mars #rom 1 to 1+C 1+

%eing t/e %est!

Cr!t"r!$# > M$3n!tud"?1>6@S%")"#

So'ut!on

1

So'ut!on

2

So'ut!on

Dur!n3 Con#trut!on

>uilda%ilit) 4

* 7:48

4

, 7:48

0

' 7:48

+

$ime

* 7:8

1

, 7:8

14

* 7:8

1

ost 4

' 7:48

+

, 7:48

0

, 7:48

0

Dur!n3 ut!'!#$t!on

practica%ilit) #or people '

* 7:'8

3+

. 7:'8

4'

' 7:'8

'

Deliveries #acilities 4

0 7:48

3

* 7:48

4

' 7:48

+

om#ort 3

, 7:38

1

* 7:38

10

, 7:38

1

G"n"r$' "ocation

suita%ilit);integration to site 3

0 7:38

4

* 7:38

10

, 7:38

1

9ccess

* 7:8

1

0 7:8

1*

4 7:8

0

"ocal Interest

* 7:8

1

4 7:8

0

0 7:8

1*

TOTAL 10, 1 1,1

$a%le 4 @ Decision matri:

&inall)C solution is adopted! It ma) c/ange t/e general ideas and

design o# t/e li#e%oat station 2ill t/ere#ore 2ill #ollo2 t/e initial ideas



39/133


o# solution ! 9s t/is is a preliminar) solution not all ideas 2ill %e used

and t/e design ma) even c/ange due to certain reasons suc/ as

structural c/anges and;or c/anges in t/e design %rie#!



40/133


2.6 F""d4$ (ro) Con"tu$' D"#!3n Int"r+!"

$/e conceptual design intervie2 #eed%ac #rom t/e * t/Marc/ ++,

states t/at t/ere 2as good interpretation and understanding o# t/e

%rie#!


41/133


cannot support ordinar) padC stripC or ra#t #oundations! Piled

#oundations are a convenient met/od o# supporting structures %uilt

over 2ater or 2/ere upli#ting loads must %e resisted 7$omlinsonC

++18!

Due to t/e comments received at t/e concept intervie2 stating t/at

t/e #oundation design 2as too comple: and t/at t/ere 2ere too man)

pilesC a major ret/in at t/e detailed design stage 2as needed!

2.8.1 P!'" S$!n3

>e#ore altering t/e design o# t/e pileC t/e la)out o# t/e piles 2as

e:amined! $/e major pro%lem 2as t/at t/e piles 2ere ver) closel)

located %ecause t/e portal #rame and t/e step in t/e sla% level needed

to %e supported! 9s t/ese t2o locations 2ere di=erent %ut )et ver)

close eac/ structural element needed to %e supported %) a pile! $o

eradicate t/is pro%lemC a group decision 2as made t/at t/e portal

#rame and t/e c/ange in level o# t/e sla% 2ould %e modi6ed so eac/

element 2ould line upC t/us needing one pile instead o# t2o! $/is

reduced t/e amount o# piles needed to support t/e li#e%oat station %)

/al#!



42/133


2.8.2 P!'" #t")

$/e ot/er major pro%lem 2as t/e actual maeup o# t/e pileC t/e pile

needed to %e simpli6ed %ut )et tae t/e loads applied upon t/e pile

and also %e protected against an) potential corrosion! $/e decision

2as made to eep t/e -pile as previousl) t/oug/tC %ut purge t/e

steel tu%ular pile and concrete 6ll #rom t/e design! it/ t/is in mind

t/e -pile 2as t/e main structural elementC %ut no2 t/e corrosion

protection /ad %een lostC t/ere#ore it 2as decided t/at cat/ode

protection o# t/e pile 2ould produce e:cellent protection against

corrosion especiall) in marine conditions!

it/ t/is no2 more simpli6ed pile designC construction o# t/e pile 2as

also made easier! $/us potentiall) needing less people and riss to

construct t/e pile #oundation maing it easier to ad/ere to an) #uture

DM regulations!

2.8. S!" o( P!'"

Hnce t/e loads /ad %een no2n #rom t/e structural mem%ers a%ove

t/e #oundationC calculation %egan on t/e piled #oundations!

onsiderations made 2ere t/e vertical loadsC lateral loadsC and upli#t

resistance!



43/133


$o mae t/e design process easierC a spreads/eet in Microso#t e:cel

2as created #or vertical loading onl)! $/is gave a roug/ idea o# t/e

sie o# pile needed!

$/e spreads/eet /as di=erent parameters suc/ as dept/ o# pileC sin

#riction and End %earing properties! $/e logic o# a design is t/at i#

c/anges occurred during t/e design processC eas) modi6cation o# pile

dept/ 2ould tell t/e user i# t/e pile could support a speci6ed load!

Jsing t/is spreads/eetC c/anges on t/e load /ad a small e=ect on t/e

design o# t/e #oundation! I# a load increase and t/ere is a need #or a

%igger pileC t/e engineer /as to just alter t/e lengt/ or c/oose t/e

ne:t pile #rom t/e spreads/eet output! (ee appendi: >!

onstruction o# t/e #oundations is to %e over 2aterC it 2as decided to

use t/e same pile sie %ut alter t/e lengt/s! $/is decision 2as made

%ecause o# t/e cost o# c/anging pile /eads over 2ater! $/is is 2/ere

t/e spreads/eet 2as most use#ul it s/o2ed 2/ic/ piles passed t/e

load test upon t/emC /o2 long t/e pile 2ould %eC and /o2 muc/ t/e

pile 2eig/s per metre! $/is is ver) important as t/e price o# steel is

ver) /ig/ per tonneC so just adding a couple o# /undred ilos to eac/

metre run 2ould /ave cost t/e client : amount in costC 2/ic/ 2as not

accepta%le!



44/133


"ateral loading on t/e piles 2as a ver) di=icult specialist design! $o

calculate i# t/e pile 2ould %e a%le to resist t/e lateral loads! (taad pro

2as incorporated into t/e design processC t/e pile 2as anal)sed as a

column! 9 point o# 6:it) m into t/e cla) 2as assumedC 2it/ partial

restraint at t/e top #rom t/e structure! $/is 2as anal)sed in (taad pro

and passed all c/ecs! $/ere#ore #rom t/e vertical and lateral loadingC

a 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 pile 2as to %e used!

$/e piles 2ould %e attac/ed to t/e underside o# t/e superstructure

2it/ nominal M4 %olts and a steel plate! 9ll %olts 2ere (&G %olts!

2.8.5 D"t$!'"d d"#!3n.

orst loading@

(uperstructure 1+++ 5

"ateral loads 4' 5

PILE, 7 68 5 15 ; !'".

(ee appendi: > #or calculations!

9ll dra2ings 2ere detailed to /ave t/ese design criteria and can %e

seen in appendi: !



45/133


2. F""d4$ (ro) D"t$!'"d D"#!3n Int"r+!"

$/e detailed design intervie2 #eed%ac #rom t/e 3 rdo# Marc/ ++,

states t/at t/e dra2ings 2ere o# a good standard %ut a detailed cross

section o# t/e pile 2as reBuired illustrating t/e dimensions o# t/e

section! alculations 2ere stated as %eing t/oroug/ %ut t/ere 2as

some an:iet) a%out t/e sta%ilit) o# t/e Le:i%ilit) o# t/e piles! 9s t/e

2orst case 2as taen #or t/e slip2a)C %oat /ouse and 2al2a)C t/e

pile lengt/s didnt c/ange in t/ere respective areas! It 2as said t/at

t/is needed to %e c/anged as loads e=ectivel) c/anged in di=erent

areas! $/e consideration o# t/e construction limitations 2ere also

considered 2it/ noise %eing t/e major issue t/at needs more t/oug/t!



46/133


2. F!n$' d"#!3n

it/ t/e e:cel document it 2as possi%le to alter t/e di=erent loadings

on t/e piles ver) easil)C t/ere#ore t/e lengt/s o# t/e piles altered

t/roug/out t/e structure saving t/e client economicall)!

Hn t/e su%ject o# t/e sta%ilit) o# t/e Le:i%ilit) o# t/e piles I looed at

t/e code >(0++4 ,!3!3!3! and ,!3!3!4 and it stated to design t/e pile

as a column!

(ection (ies

5o! 1'!1m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 1'!..m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 1*!0,'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 1,!,*+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 10!*4'm long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 1.!'3+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 4!.4m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 4!,+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 4!4*'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 4!+'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3*!.+'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles



47/133


5o! 3*!*0+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3*!44'm long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3*!+'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3'!.,+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3'!,1+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3!..'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 14!0''m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 1!,''m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

45o! 11!44'm long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

9ll o# t/ese elements /ave %een dra2n on t/e 3+ A 3+3 dra2ing and

/ave %een presented at t/e design seminar #or assessment and

industrial advices!

2. F""d4$ (ro) D"#!3n S")!n$r

omments included considering DM regulations during t/e design

p/aseC t/us designing out riss! $/is is s/o2n %) t/e alteration o# pile

design %et2een conceptual and detailed design stage! ompare

designC costs and durations 2it/ recentl) completed stations! $/is is

s/o2n in section !4!1!



48/133


$/e Industrial 9dvisor) ommittee 7I98 didnt e:press an) concerns

and commented on t/e detail t/at 2as placed in t/is project!



49/133


. 0 M ET ;OD S TAT EMEN TS

.1 D"#r!t!on o( -or $nd Lo$t!on.

9 slip2a) "i#e%oat station and uncovered access 2al2a) are

reBuired to ena%le t/e R5"I to emplo) t/e most up to date li#e%oats in

t/e Leet! It is proposed to use a steel pile grid design #or t/e

#oundations!

.2 P!'!n3 )"t%od #t$t")"nt.

.2.1 P'$nt,

1 : Piling rig;ac up %arge 7including operators8

1 : rane 7including operators8

1 : (uppl) >arge

1 Rescue >oat

.2.2 L$4our,

1 Ganger

"a%ourers 7IEC 1...8!



50/133


.2. M"t%odo'o3&,

.2.5 Pr"'!)!n$r& Pro"dur"#,

9n investigation o# t/e ground s/ould %e carried out %) competent

and e:perienced persons in accordance 2it/ >( '.3+! >orings s/ould

reac/ dept/s adeBuate to e:plore t/e nature o# t/e soil %ot/ around

and %eneat/ t/e proposed piles in accordance to >( 0++4 and >(

*34. 7?ualit) Ris8!

$/e preliminar) investigation s/ould include a care#ul appraisal o#

near%) structures and su%structuresC including t/e t)pes and la)out o#

all services near and t/roug/ t/e site! $/e c/oice o# pile ma) %e

inLuenced %) t/e e=ects 2/ic/ its installation 2ould produce on t/ese

structures and services piles in accordance to >( 0++4 and >( *34.

7?ualit) Ris8!

Preliminar) test piles s/ould %e installed as part o# t/e preliminar)

investigations in all cases e:cept 2/ere in t/e judgement o# t/e

Engineer t/e) are unnecessar) %ecause o# e:tensive local e:perience

or %ecause /ig/ #actors o# sa#et) are to %e emplo)ed piles in

accordance to >( 0++4 and >( *34. 7?ualit) Ris8!

emis 5um%er 44,4 '+ (else) "i#e%oat (tation


51/133


.2.6 In#t$''$t!on Pro"dur"#

(et out t/e steel pile location correctl) on siteC Ris o# accurac)

o# dra2ingsC 7?ualit) Ris8!

Hrder steel piles as per sc/edule! Ris o# accurac) o# dra2ings

and setting outC 7?ualit) Ris8

Jnload ; c/ec ; sort ; store steel Piles on land! 7?ualit) ris8

Pile /eads to %e inspected %e#ore commencement o# 2ors! Ris

o# Bualit) o# materialC 7?ualit) Ris8!

Position crane and c/ec permit to li#t steel piles to %arge!

7(ecurit) Ris8

>ring (pud leg %arge 2it/ a diesel /ammer;drop /ammer to

site! 9ll sa#et) guidelines to %e made %) specialist su%

contractor! Ris o# contaminationC 7Environmental Ris8!

9ll mem%ers o# piling cre2 to 2ear li#e jacets at all times!

7(a#et) Ris8

(et up t/e diesel /ammer;drop /ammer in com%ination 2it/ a

pile driver 7?ualit) Ris8!

Erect and install t/e %ottom section o# steel pile reBuired sie

into t/e ground %) driving 2it/ t/e diesel /ammer;drop /ammer

7Environmental Ris8!

"engt/en t/e pile %) 2elding on additional section during

driving 7?ualit) A environmental Ris8!

emis 5um%er 44,4 '1 (else) "i#e%oat (tation


52/133


Erection o# t/e pile section 2ill %e monitored %) means o# spirit

level #rom time to time 7?ualit) Ris8!

Resume t/e a%ove process until t/e pile /as %een driven to 6nal

level according to t/e levels s/o2n in t/e piling plans 7?ualit)

Ris8!

(ecurit) measures to %e placed around site to prevent mem%ers

o# t/e pu%lic in6ltrating t/e site 7securit) Ris8!

Remove all e:cess steel #rom siteC removing an) potential

contamination!

$olerance #or piles to %e no more t/an '+mm and all levels

s/o2n on dra2ing 3+!

.2.8 Mon!tor!n3 Proo#$'

In order to mae certain no /arm#ul e=ects imposed on t/e

adjacent structures during constructionC t/e #ollo2ing

preventative measures s/ould tae place and monitor t/e

#oundations t/roug/out t/e construction period@

(ettlement c/ecpoints and ot/er monitoring devices are to %e

installed prior to t/e commencement o# construction 2ors!

Initial monitoring results s/ould %e su%mitted to t/e local

>uilding ontrol o=ice prior to t/e commencement o# 2ors!



53/133


$/e c/ecpoints and standpipe pieometers s/all %e monitored

regularl) during t/e construction period and duplicate copies o#

t/e monitoring results s/ould %e su%mitted to t/e local >uilding

ontrol Department on a regular %asis and %e ept availa%le on

site #or inspection at all times!

(/ould t/e settlement at t/ose c/ecpoints %e #ound e:cessive

during t/e course o# 2orsC t/e 2ors s/ould %e suspendedC and

t/e Engineers and local >uilding ontrol Department s/ould %e

noti6ed immediatel)! Remedial proposal to sa#eguard t/e

a=ected structure s/all %e su%mitted to t/e Engineer #or

approval!

9ll Monitoring devices s/ould %e maintained in good order

during t/e 2ors!



54/133


. R"!n(or")"nt M"t%od #t$t")"nt

..1 P'$nt,

1 : jacup %arge 7including operators8

1 : rane 7including operators8

1 : (uppl) >arge

1 Rescue >oat

..2 L$4our G$n3,

1 #oreman steel 6:er 7cra#tsman8C

4 (teel 6:ers 7cra#tsman8C

1 unsilled operativeC

1 plant operator 'S o# time 7(pons ++,C 1...8!

.. M"t%odo'o3&,

General planning on siteC to c/ec #or adeBuate accessC lig/ting

and #orm2or!

"ocate adeBuate space #or rein#orcement storage on site! $/is is

to prevent t/e#t o# steel #rom site!

>ring steel to site unload into stoc piles using a 't craneC

la%ourers! /ec #or Buali6ed crane driverC c/ec crane load

capacit) certi6cate and communication to t/e crane driver must

%e maintained at all times!



55/133


9ll steel rein#orcement must %e inspected to t/e >ritis/

(tandards >(444. #or Bualit) assurance measures - 7?ualit)

RisC ?ualit) assurance o# rein#orcement8 7>(IC ++'8!

9ll materials in use must %e certi6edC and pass all necessar)

standards! or on t/e steel 6:ing can t/ere#ore commenceC

6rstl) sort and place t/e steel manuall) %) a gang o# steel 6:ers

and assisted %) t/e 't crane to place large amounts o# steel!

ommunication must %e ept at all times 2it/ radio devices! In

t/is process t/e placing and storage o# steel must %e done

care#ull)! 9s /ig/ 2inds can easil) a=ect t/e craneC it s/ould not

%e operated in /ig/ 2inds! $/e prevention o# t/is can come in

t/e #orm o# /ecing 2ind speeds and t/e 2eat/er report

%e#ore commencing t/e steel 6:ing - 7(a#et) RisC ig/ inds8

7>(IC 1..,8!

/ile 6:ing t/e steelC all personnel must 2ear li#ejacets and a

rescue %oat must %e in operation at all times!

$/e 6:ing o# t/e pile to t/e steel structure toget/er must %e

accompanied 2it/ suita%le tools to cut and 6: t/e steelC t/ese

tools must %e c/eced so t/at t/e) are not #ault) 7>(IC 1..,8!

9ll concrete coversC must %e maintained %) spacers to prevent

t/e steel #rom protruding t/roug/ t/e concrete to %e e:posed to

t/e outside environmentC causing a #ailure in t/e steel 7>(IC

1..,8!

emis 5um%er 44,4 '' (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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/en all steel 6:ing /as %een completed disposal o# t/e

un2anted steel s/ould %e made! Rec)cling t/e unused steel on

ot/er sites can minimise t/is e:cess! 9n) small o= cuts s/ould

%e taen to a scrap )ard #or disposal - 7Environmental RisC

Disposal o# 2aste steel8!

emis 5um%er 44,4 '* (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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.5 -$'$& M"t%od #t$t")"nt

.5.1 M"t%odo'o3&,

&or t/e piling please re#er to 3! t/e piling met/od statement 2/ic/

states t/e correct procedures to #ollo2!

&or t/e steel erection please re#er to Volume 3 #or t/e (tructural steel

erection procedures!

emis 5um%er 44,4 ', (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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5 .0 M AT ER IA L SP EC IF IC AT ION

5.1 St""' E'")"nt# Co)r!#!n3 t%" P!'!n3 (ound$t!on#.

9ll steel is to %e (3'' grade 43 2it/ a unit 2eig/t o# ,0'+g;mK! 9ll

piles designed to >( [email protected]* code o# practice #or #oundations A >(

*34. code o# practice #or marine structures! (teel sectionsC plain or

#a%ricatedC and pipe piles s/ould compl) 2it/ grades 439 and '+> o#

>( 43*+ or ot/er grades #rom t/at standard to t/e approval o# t/e

engineer!

5.1.1 S'!$& !'"#.

5o! 1'!1m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 1'!..m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 1*!0,'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 1,!,*+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 10!*4'm long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 1.!'3+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5.1.2 L!("4o$t !'"#.

5o! 4!.4m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 4!,+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles



59/133


5o! 4!4*'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 4!+'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3*!.+'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3*!*0+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3*!44'm long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3*!+'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3'!.,+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3'!,1+m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 3!..'m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5.1. -$'$& P!'"#.

5o! 14!0''m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5o! 1!,''m long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

45o! 11!44'm long 3'* : 3*0 : 1,4 -Piles

5.2 St""' onn"t!on# to P!'!n3 (ound$t!on#.

'5o! M4- 1++mm long %olts!

45o! '++ : 3++ : ' $/ic %ase Plates

emis 5um%er 44,4 '. (else) "i#e%oat (tation


60/133


5. St""' R"!n(or")"nt.

Mem%er

>armar

$)p

eandsie

5o!

o#m%rs

5o!o#

%ar

s ineac/

$otalno!

"engt

/ o#eac/%ar

(/a

pecode

9Tmm

>Tmm

Tmm

DTmm

E;RTmm

Revletter

$)pe

& mm

1 $1+

40 *+++ ++*+++

$1

413 *+++ ++*+++

3 $1

*44 34' ++34'

4 $1+

* 10,' ++10,'

' $ 1

,0 10,' ++ 10,'

* $1

1. 1++ '1 3,+ *+

, $1

1 ''++ ++''++

0 $1

* +++ +++++

. $3

4 1.' ++1.'

1+ $1+

**+ 1,' 11+++

+

11 $1

44 ''++ ++

''+

+

1 $1

1+ +'+ +++'+

13 $1

1* 3+'+ ++3+'+

14 $1

11 1*++ ++1*++

1' $1

33 ''+ ++''+

1* $1

134 +' +++'

1, $1

'* ',' ++','

10 $ 1

110 4.,' ++ 4.,'

1. $1

4+ ,'+ ++,'+

+ $1

40 30++ 41 *++ ++1,'

++

1 $1

4 1,' ++1,'

emis 5um%er 44,4 *+ (else) "i#e%oat (tation


61/133


$1+

14 *'+ '1 ''+ ,+

3 $3

0 +++ 11 *'+

$/e %ar %ending sc/edule a%ove s/o2s t/at t/e rein#orcement %ars

are ig/ tensile %ars and are indicated %) t/e U$! $/e total num%er o#

eac/ %ar are also s/o2n and t/e lengt/s! oncrete cover to all %ars is

to %e 4+mmC to prevent corrosion attac o# t/e re%ar! 9ll

rein#orcement to compl) 2it/ >( 0***@++'!

5.5 -$'$& o)on"nt#.

* 5o! 1+m long ,*:*,:1.,J> steel %eams!

4 5o! 1!'m long ,*:*,:1.,J> steel %eams!

3 5o! M4 /old do2n %olts!

9ll steel is to %e (3'' grade 43 2it/ a unit 2eig/t o# ,0'+g;mK!

*'mO marine tim%er dec 7treated8!

4*m o# steel /andrails!

emis 5um%er 44,4 *1 (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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6. 0 C ON ST RU CT IO N P RO CE SS ES

$/is section covers t/e detailed construction process #or t/e pile

#oundations o# t/e li#e%oat station structures! Prior to an) piling

2orsC t/e site must 6rst %e set out %) GP( surve)ing tec/nolog) to

pinpoint t/e e:act positions o# t/e piles!

9ll structural mem%ers are to %e pre-#a%ricated in t/e #a%rication )ard

prior to %eing delivered to site! Hnce positions /ave %een located a

3+m : 11!m : !'m spud leg crane %arge containing a cra2ler crane

2it/ a 0+#t >oom and a piling /ammer 2it/ a 10 #t sa#et) %oat 7aven

PortsC ++,8 moves into position #or driving t/e piles!

Ver) good operating conditions can %e o%tained #or pile driving in

uns/eltered 2aters %) mounting t/e eBuipment on a %arge provided

2it/ tu%ular legs 2/ic/ can %e lo2ered on to t/e sea %ed 7spud leg

%arge8! $/e /ull o# t/e %arge is t/en jaced up t/e legs until it is clear

o# t/e 2ater to #orm a sta%le plat#orm una=ected %) 2ave action

7$omlinsonC ++48!



63/133


9 transport %arge /auls t/e piles to siteC at t/is time t/e piles are

transported onto t/e spud leg! $/e piles are t/en to %e driven to t/e

speci6ed dept/s reBuired and cut at t/e correct level! $/e (pud leg

t/en raises and moves to t/e ne:t pile position and operates to t/e

same process as mention previousl)! 5oise 2ill %e ept to a minimum

2it/ t/e use o# a muerC t/us reducing t/e noise levels o# t/e impact

%et2een t/e /ammer and t/e pile!

W# piles /ave to %e lengt/ened t/e normall) recommended practice is

to mae a joint %) %utt-2elding in suc/ a manner t/at t/e #ull strengt/

o# t/e original section is developed! Details o# 2elded joints and t/eir

e:ecution s/ould %e in accordance 2it/ >( '13'C taen in conjunction

2it/ >( 44.! $/e 2elds s/ould %e su%ject to normal visual inspection!

$/e joints s/ould %e designed and constructed to maintain t/e true

alignment and position o# t/e pile sections!

Pile s/oes are generall) not reBuired #or -piles and ot/er plain rolled

steel sections! o2everC i# t/e piles are to %e su%jected to

e:ceptionall) /ard drivingC t/e) ma) %e strengt/ened at t/e %ottom

end %) cast steel platesC or %) 2elding plates or anglesC to increase

t/e t/icness o# t/e steel 7>(IC 1.0*8!



64/133


(teel plates are t/en 2elded onto t/e top o# t/e pile and %olted to t/e

Loor #rame a%ove! Hnce constructed cat/odic protection is t/en

applied to t/e steel -piles t/us providing corrosion resistance! (ee

(ection 1+!1 #or in dept/ detail on corrosion resistance! /ile all

t/ese operations occurC a rescue %oat is constantl) in attendanceC and

t/e application o# t/e DM regulations are in use!

&igure i: @ Image illustrating a jac up >arge 7aven PortsC ++,8!



65/133


8 .0 TES TING PROC ED URES

8.1 D&n$)! P!'" T"#t!n3 ?DPT@.

$/e ultimate %earing capacit) o# a pile ma) %e calculated

appro:imatel) %) means o# a d)namic pile #ormula using data

o%tained during driving t/e pile or %) a static #ormula on t/e %asis o#

soil testsC or it ma) %e determined %) test loading! >) using a d)namic

#ormula an estimate o# t/e ultimate %earing capacit) ma) %e o%tained

#rom t/e driving c/aracteristics o# eac/ individual pileC t/e accurac)

%eing dependent on t/e relia%ilit) o# t/e #ormulaC t/e conditions o# use

and t/e data used! >) using a static #ormula an estimated value o# t/e

ultimate %earing capacit) o# a t)pical pile is o%tainedC t/e accurac)

%eing dependent on t/e relia%ilit) o# t/e #ormula and t/e soil strengt/

data to 2/ic/ it is applied 7>(IC 1.0*8!

D)namic load testing is a cost e=ective alternative to conventional

static load testing #or a 2ide variet) o# pile t)pes and sites! Instead o#

costl) proo#-loading 2it/ entledge or anc/or pilesC t/e tec/niBue

uses a /eav) #alling 2eig/t suc/ as a piling /ammer to impart a s/ort

duration impact to t/e pile /eadC 2/ilst monitoring t/e pile response

using temporaril) attac/ed transducers! $/e pile response to d)namic

emis 5um%er 44,4 *' (else) "i#e%oat (tation


66/133


loading ma) %e used to provide t/e #oundation designer 2it/ an

interpreted pile capacit)C and can usuall) provide additional

in#ormation t/at is di=icult to o%tain via static load testing 7asanC

++,8!

$/e #ollo2ing procedure is anot/er traditional met/od o# testing pilesC

%ut due to t/e nature o# t/e projectC 2oring over 2ater could mae

t/is test impractica%le! (pecialist contractors are used to test t/e

piles at a potentiall) /ig/ costC to t/e load test speci6cation!

8.2 Lo$d!n3 t"#t.

9 loading test carried to #ailure gives t/e ultimate %earing capacit) o#

t/e particular pile t/at /as %een tested! $o in#er t/e ultimate %earing

capacities o# ot/er piles on t/e same site #rom loading tests alone

reBuires eit/er t/e prior testing o# an adeBuate num%er o# piles and

t/e use o# a statistical approac/C or a site investigation t/at is

su=icientl) detailed to s/o2 t/e uni#ormit) or ot/er2ise o# t/e soilC

t/us ena%ling t/e ultimate %earing capacities o# ot/er piles to %e

estimated 7>(IC 1.0*8!

/en driving pilesC valua%le in#ormation a%out site conditions can %e

o%tained! $/us a judicious com%ination o# load testing 2it/ driving

and soil records can ensure reasona%l) satis#actor) results on most

emis 5um%er 44,4 ** (else) "i#e%oat (tation


67/133


sites! $/e attention o# t/e Engineer s/ould %e dra2n to an) signi6cant

variation #rom t/e e:pected ground conditions and;or %e/aviour o# t/e

pile during drivingC so t/at /e ma) tae appropriate action! 7>(IC

1.0*8!

8. M"t$''! o$t!n3 to 4"$)# (or -$'$&.

$esting t/e t/icness o# t/e metallic coating on t/e steel2or s/ould

%e undertaen %) a suita%l) Buali6ed inspector 2it/ t/e use o# an

ultrasonic t/icness gauge! 7oatings #or t/e Protection o# (tructural

(teel2orC +++8

$/e ultrasonic t/icness gauge must 6rst %e cali%rated %) placing t/e

pro%e on an un-treated steel section! $/e pro%e is t/en placed on t/e

area to %e inspected t/e instrument 2ill displa) an accurate reading

#or t/e coating t/icness and steel t/icness at t/e same time!

7Jltrasonic t/icnessC n!d!8

$/is met/od s/ould %e used regularl) to c/ec t/at t/e t/icness o#

t/e inc coating is at least 1++ Xm!

&or tests on actual steel sections please re#er to testing procedures

s/o2n in volume A 3!

emis 5um%er 44,4 *, (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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.0 PERFOR MAN CE C RIT ERIA

.1 Corro#!on Prot"t!on.

.1.1 C$t%od! Prot"t!on Introdut!on.

9ll steel -Piles to %e protected against corrosion in accordance 2it/

>( E5 131,3@++1 cat/odic protection #or steel o=s/ore Loating

structures!

at/odic protection is usuall) applied to protect t/e e:ternal sur#aces

o# steel o=s/ore Loating structures and appurtenances #rom corrosion

due to sea 2ater or saline mud!

at/odic protection 2ors %) suppl)ing su=icient direct current to t/e

immersed sur#ace o# t/e structure in order to c/ange t/e steel to

electrol)te potential to values 2/ere corrosion is insigni6cant! $/e

general principles o# cat/odic protection are detailed in E5 14,3!

.1.2 Pr!n!'"# o( C$t%od! Prot"t!on.

orrosion is an electro-c/emical process t/at involves t/e passage o#

electrical currents on a micro or macro scale! $/e c/ange #rom t/e

metallic to t/e com%ined #orm occurs %) an

YanodicZ reaction@



69/133


M [ MF F e-

7metal8 7solu%le salt8 7electron8

9 common e:ample is@

&e [ &eFF F e-

$/is reaction produces #ree electronsC 2/ic/ pass 2it/in t/e metal to

anot/er site on t/e metal sur#ace 7t/e cat/ode8C 2/ere it is consumed

%) t/e cat/odic reaction! In acid solutions t/e cat/odic reaction is@

F F e- [

7)drogen ions 7gas8 in solution8

In neutral solutions t/e cat/odic reaction involves t/e consumption o#

o:)gen dissolved in t/e solution@

H F H F 4e- [ 4H-

7alali8

orrosion t/us occurs at t/e anode %ut not at t/e cat/ode 7unless t/e

metal o# t/e cat/ode is attaced %) alali8 7DaviesC ++*8!

$/e t2o t)pes o# cat/odic s)stems are@

9 galvanic s)stem!

Impressed-current s)stem!

$/e decision /as %een made to use t/e impressed-current s)stem!

emis 5um%er 44,4 *. (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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.1. R"u!r")"nt# o( C$t%od! Prot"t!on.

9n impressed-current s)stem reBuires@

i8 Inert anodes 7clusters o# 2/ic/C connected toget/er o#ten in a

%ac6llC are called t/e Yground%edZ8!

ii8 9 D po2er source!

iii8 Electricall) 2ell insulatedC minimum resistance and secure

conductors %et2een anodes and po2er source!

iv8 (ecure and minimum resistance connections %et2een po2er

source and piles 7DaviesC ++*8!

.1.5 P"r(or)$n"

9 D! po2er source 2it/ automatic potential control 2ill %e used

2/en t/e environment conditions and t/e structure con6guration and

service conditions induce large and #reBuent variations o# t/e current

demand necessar) to maintain polariation 7>(IC ++18!

9 dielectric s/ield is usuall) used around t/e anodes to prevent local

over-protection and improve t/e current distri%ution to t/e cat/ode!

it/out an) in#ormation on t/e average resistivit) o# t/e environmentC

t/e #ollo2ing range o# values can %e used 7>( ++18!

cold sea 2ater @ +C3+ \ m to +C3' \ m

2arm sea 2ater@ +C1' \ m to +C' \ m

emis 5um%er 44,4 ,+ (else) "i#e%oat (tation


71/133


saline mud@ +C,+ \ m to 1C,+ \ m!

$/ere#ore it /as %een decided t/at a anodic resistance o# %et2een

+!3+ \ to +!3' \ m s/all %e used #or t/e protection o# t/e steel

PilesC and must /ave a design o# li#e o# '+ )ears minimum!

emis 5um%er 44,4 ,1 (else) "i#e%oat (tation


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.0 MAINTENANCE

.1 M$!nt"n$n" o( P!'!n3 or#.

Jnder2ater pile Inspection is one o# t/e maintenance services t/at

need to %e provided! (pecialist contractors 2it/ diving and

engineering sta= s/ould /ave )ears o# e:perience dealing 2it/ piling

inspections! 9ll inspectors s/ould %e certi6ed #or under2ater

Inspection!

Inspecting piling under2ater and in t/e splas/ one can drasticall)

reduce major replacements in t/e #uture!

Jnder2ater Inspections come in t/ree %asic pacages 7Pileap IncC

++,8!

L"+"' I > General visual inspection to con6rm as %uilt condition and

detect an) severe damage! 7$/is s/ould occur annuall)8!

L"+"' II > lose-up visual inspection to detect sur#ace de#ects

normall) o%scured %) marine gro2t/! 9t least 1+S o# t/e



73/133


pile 2ill %e cleaned at designated locations t/en

inspected! 7$/is s/ould occur once ever) ' )ears8!

L"+"' III > ig/l) detailed inspection to detect an) /idden and

%eginning damage! 5on-destructive tests suc/ as

increment %oring and ultrasonic can %e used! 7$/is s/ould

occur once ever) 1+ )ears8!

Reports s/ould include@

ig/l) detailed reports 2/ic/ include all 6ndings!

Jnder2ater p/otograp/s and videos!

9uto9D sc/ematics and dra2ings!

Hverall site la)out and surve)s!

.2 M$!nt"n$n" o( $t%od! rot"t!on o( P!'!n3 or#.

$/e aim o# inspection and maintenance is to ensure t/e e=ectiveness

o# cat/odic protection t/roug/out t/e li#e o# a structure! &or t/is to %e

ac/ievedC t/e reBuired structure to electrol)te potential s/all %e

maintainedC 2/ic/ generall) reBuires continuous operation o# t/e

cat/odic protection s)stem 7>(IC ++18!



74/133


(u%seBuent to commissioningC regular inspection is necessar) to

approved proceduresC appropriate to t/e t)pe o# structure and its

cat/odic protection s)stem! $/e procedures s/ould %e su%ject to

revie2 to reLect operating e:perience and ne2 tec/nolog) 7>(IC

++18!

Record s)stems #or %ot/ operation and maintenance are essential!

Manual s)stems ma) %e accepta%le #or some dataC %ut #or large

volumes o# dataC computer %ased s)stems are pre#erred! Procedures

#or maintaining t/e accurac) and sa#et) o# measuring eBuipment and

instrumentation are also necessar) 7>(IC ++18!

.2.1 F$tor# !nu"n!n3 !n#"t!on (r"u"n&

$/e #ollo2ing #actors inLuence inspection #reBuenc) 7>(IC ++18!

corrosive nature o# t/e electrol)te 7soil or 2ater8

suscepti%ilit) o# structure to mec/anical damage

D! or 9! inter#erence currents

suscepti%ilit) o# cat/odic protection installations to damage %)

lig/tning or mec/anical means

riss associated 2it/ t/e contents o# a containing structure

e:tent and comple:it) o# structure

constructional #eatures critical to maintaining e=ective cat/odic

protection



75/133


?ualit) and t)pe o# applied protective coating!

$/e inspection o# t/e e=ectiveness o# an applied cat/odic protection

s)stem can %e convenientl) divided into t2o areas@ eBuipment c/ecs

and structure measurements!

$/e procedures used and t/e results o%tained s/all %e revie2ed and

approved %) cat/odic protection personnel 2it/ adeBuate t/eoretical

and practical no2ledge!

$a%le ' @ &reBuenc) o# #unctional c/ecs 7>(IC ++18!

.2.2 C$t%od! Prot"t!on "u!)"nt

Maintenance on impressed current and drainage stations is

recommended to %e carried out annuall)! /en #unctional or visual

c/ecs indicate t/at it is necessar)C maintenance on test stations s/all

%e carried out! Electrical sa#et) /as to %e c/eced in accordance 2it/

national regulations 7>(IC ++18!

emis 5um%er 44,4 ,' (else) "i#e%oat (tation


76/133


.2. In#tru)"nt$t!on

Instrumentation used #or measurements s/all %e ept in good 2oring

order and s/all %e su%jected to periodical cali%ration and sa#et)

c/ecs 7>(IC ++18!

.2.5 R"#u't# o( !n#"t!on

$/e results o# inspection 2or s/all %e recorded and evaluated! $/ese

records s/ould %e ept #or t/e li#etime o# t/e structureC %ut al2a)s #or

a su=icient period to provide detailed in#ormation on t/e cat/odic

protection e=ectiveness and to allo2 comparative c/ecs to %e carried

out! In additionC it is recommended t/at a cat/odic protection /istor)

s/ould %e maintained #or re#erence purposes 7>(IC ++18!

$/ere#ore #rom t/is ta%le it 2ould %e adeBuate to assume t/at

inspections o# t/e cat/odic protection s/ould %e made annuall)!

$/ere#ore 1 inspection annuall) 2ould %e appropriate 7>(IC ++18!

&or maintenance inspection o# structural steel2or please see volume

3C and #or t/e concrete sla% please see volume !

emis 5um%er 44,4 ,* (else) "i#e%oat (tation


77/133


.0 LIF E CYC LE ANAYLS IS

.1 L!(" C&'" An$'!# o( t%" P!'!n3 Found$t!on#.

.1.1 Go$' o( t%" #tud&

$/e o%jective o# t/e "i#e )cle 9nal)sis 7"98 is to consider t/e

environmental impact o# t/e Piling &oundations over t/e %uildings

design li#e o# '+ )ears!

.1.2 So" o( t%" #tud&

$/is "9 2ill compare t/e #ollo2ing stages t/roug/out t/e %uildings

li#e 7Elling/am ++*8!

Procurement o# materials!

onstruction o# piles on site!

Maintenance t/roug/out li#e!

Demolition at t/e end o# its design li#e!

.1. St") 4ound$r!"#

$/e limitations o# t/is "9 are de6ned as t/e #ollo2ing@

$/e main structural elements o# t/e piling s)stemC steel -piles!

emis 5um%er 44,4 ,, (else) "i#e%oat (tation


78/133


Impacts o# t/e material e:traction at sourceC e:cluding transport

to site!

Jse o# t/e materials and plant on-site during construction o# t/e

#oundations!

Jse o# materials #or maintenance o# t/e piling #oundation!

Jse o# plant and mac/iner) during demolition o# t/e piles!

aste arising #rom demolitionC including transport to

destination!

E:clusions #rom t/e "9 are as #ollo2s@

(lip2a) #rameC sla%C sla% #rameC internal #rame and cladding!

Jse o# %uilding t/roug/out its '+ )ear li#e

uman energ)!

Production o# electricit)C gas and 2ater reBuired #or

procurement o# materialsC constructionC maintenance and

demolition 7Elling/am ++*8!

aste arising #rom procurementC construction and maintenance

stages 7Elling/am ++*8!

$ransport o# plant and mac/iner) to site 7Elling/am ++*8!

Manu#acture and maintenance o# plant and mac/iner)

7Elling/am ++*8!



79/133


$ransport o# 2or#orce to site 7Elling/am ++*8!

&a%rication o# components o# %uilding o=-site 7Elling/am ++*8!

$ransport o# ra2 materials and assem%led components to site

7Elling/am ++*8!

.1.5 D$t$ $t"3or!"#

$/is "9 report categorises t/e #ollo2ing #or comparison over t/e li#e

c)cle o# t/e %uilding@

Energ) in giga-joules includes em%odied energ) in materialsC

plant useC production o# electricit)C gas and 2aterC and

transportation o# 2aste!

9ir emissions in tonnes HeBuivalent includes procurement o#

cementC plant useC production o# electricit)C gas and 2aterC

transportation o# 2aste and 2aste disposal!

.2 In+"ntor& An$'!#

.2.1 Prour")"nt > En"r3&

Co)on"

ntM$t"r!$'

M$##?3@

E)4od!"dEn"r3&?MJH3@

Tot$'E)4od!"d

En"r3& ?GJ@

piles (teel 104C3'+ 3 '0..

emis 5um%er 44,4 ,. (else) "i#e%oat (tation


80/133


81/133


TOTAL, 51.1 GJ

$a%le , @ Energ) consumption during construction!

.2.5 Con#trut!on > A!r E)!##!on#

9ir emissions #rom plant use assumed to %e negligi%leC t/ere#ore not

used in t/is assessment!



82/133


.2.6 M$!nt"n$n"

&or t/e maintenanceC t/e continuous po2er usage over a '+ )ear

design period /as %een used!

It 2as assumed t/at t/e cat/odic protection s)stem 2ould need '+

2atts o# energ) #or t/e protection o# t/e piles!

M$%!n"Po"r

?-@

Dur$t!on o( U#"

?%our#@

En"r3&

Con#u)t!on

?GJ@

at/odic Protection +!+'+ 430+++ ,0!04

TOTAL, .5 GJ

$a%le 0 @ Energ) consumption during Maintenance!

$/e ta%le illustrates t/at ,0!04 gigajoules o# energ) 2ill %e used #or

t/e protection 7maintenance8 o# t/e piles!

&or t/e demolitionC I re#erred to >( 0++4 and >( *10, code o#

practice #or #oundations and demolition respectivel)C %ut no re#erence

is made a%out demolition o# piles in a marine environment! Researc/

on t/e internet and %oos /as led to no %acground in#ormationC t/us

it 2ould %e inappropriate to assume energ) consumption #or a su%ject

2it/ so muc/ unidenti6a%le in#ormation!



83/133


1 0 .0 R I S A S SE SS M E NT

$/e nature o# t/is project suggests t/at t/e overall project is /ig/ in

risC t/is partl) due to 2oring over 2ater! $/ere#ore Riss need to

assessedC identi6edC and mitigated to /elp prevent injur) or #atalit)

over t/e course o# t/e contract!

$/e #ollo2ing t/ree pages lists t/e most common riss relevant to

pilingC steel 6:ing and erection o# t/e 2al2a)C and preventative

control measures!

&or eac/ ris a contingenc) ris /as %een calculated 2it/ t/e 6nancial

contingencies #or eac/ area s/o2n %elo2@

Piling@ '.C'++

(teel 6:ing@ '.C'++

Erection o# al2a)@ 3'C+++

$otal@

This is added to the total cost for all piling activities.



84/133


10.1 P!'!n3 R!# A##"##)"nt

R!#Pou'$t!on $t

R!#T&!$'

Con#"u"n"#Pro4$4!'!t&HI)$t Contro' M"$#ur"#

T&!$'Con#"u"n"#$(t"r Contro'

M"$#ur"#

Pro4$4!'!t&HI)$t

T$#, ;"$'t% $nd S$("t& R!#

Personnel#alling in ater

(ite &atalit) 3;'

Implement rigorouscdm training and sa#et)

procedures AeBuipment!

"ess Pro%a%ilit) o##atalit) reduced

1;'

&inancial ost@ K16/000

T$#, ;"$'t% $nd S$("t& R!#

Plant insta%ilit)over 2ater

(ite &atalit) ;'

(ta%ilit) o#unconsolidated sea%ed

material must %ec/eced #reBuentl)!


1;'


T$#, En+!ron)"nt$' R!#

5oise Pu%lic Environmental &ine ';3

Jse a muer on pile

/ammer to reduce levelo# noise produced!

"ess Pro%a%ilit) o#

environmental6ne! ;3

&inancial ost@ K/60


Disposal o#2aste Pilearisings!

Pu%lic Environmental &ine ';1Rec)cle (teel 2/ere

possi%leC or dispose atscrap metal plant!

"ess Pro%a%ilit) o#environmental

6ne!1;1

&inancial ost@ K60

T$#, u$'!t& R!#

?ualit)assurance o##a%rication

)ard

(ite ?ualit) #ailure 3;

Ensure regularc/ecing o# materials

received and use areputa%le #a%rication

)ard 2it/ Bualit)approvals

/ances o# Bualit)#ailure reduced

;


T$#, u$'!t& R!#

"oad $esting (ite ?ualit) #ailure 3;'

Ensure t/at all pilesare tested %) load

testing eBuipment andt/at piles pass all

relevant standards!

"ess pro%a%ilit) o#Bualit) #ailure!

1;'


1+!

emis 5um%er 44,4 04 (else) "i#e%oat (tation$a%le . @ Piling Ris 9ssessment

1.1


85/133


10. St""' *!n3 R!# A##"##)"nt

R!#

Pou'$t!on $t

R!#

T&!$'

Con#"u"n"# Pro4$4!'!t&HI)$t Contro' M"$#ur"#

T&!$'Con#"u"n"#

$(t"r Contro'M"$#ur"#

Pro4$4!'!t&HI)$

t

T$#, ;"$'t% $nd S$("t& R!#

oring Hverater

(ite &atalit) 3;'

Implement rigorouscdm training and sa#et)

procedures AeBuipment!


1;'


T$#, ;"$'t% $nd S$("t& R!#

ig/ inds (ite &atalit) 4;'

Implement 2ind speedc/ec %e#ore 6:ing o#steel rein#orcement A

postponeduring /ig/ 2ind

speeds


1;'



Disposal o#2aste steel

Pu%lic Environmental &ine ';1 Rec)cle unused steel!"ess Pro%a%ilit) o#

environmental6ne!

;1

&inancial ost@ K/60


"ac o# (teel(torage (pace

(ite Environmental &ine 4;1

Mae sure all unusedsteel is stored in apurpose %uilt area

2/ere nocontamination can

occur

"ess pro%a%ilit) o#environmental

damage1;1

&inancial ost@ K60

T$#, u$'!t& R!#

9ccurac) o#dra2ings

(ite ?ualit) &ailure 3;

Ensure t/e use o# t/elatest dra2ings and

approved #orconstruction %)

Buali6ed engineer

"ess pro%a%ilit) o#Bualit) #ailure!

;


T$#, u$'!t& R!#

?ualit)assurance o#

Rein#orcement(ite ?ualit) #ailure 3;

(tee

Bar Bending Schedule Excel Form4(2)

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Transcript of Bar Bending Schedule Excel Form4(2)