Amenability of African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) to ...
Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) Morphological and … Production Systems with Special Focus on...
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Transcript of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) Morphological and … Production Systems with Special Focus on...
References
w w w . a g r a r . u n i – k a s s e l . d e
1Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics (OPATS), University of Kassel, Germany 2Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany 3Tree Genetic Resources and Domestication, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya 4Department of Horticulture, University of Khartoum, Sudan 5Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems with Special Focus on Horticulture, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Martin Wiehle1, Kathleen Prinz2, Katja Kehlenbeck3, Sven Goenster1,
Seifeldin Ali Mohamed4, Reiner Finkeldey2, Andreas Buerkert1 and Jens Gebauer5
Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) –
Morphological and genetic diversity of a neglected
population in the Nuba Mountains, Sudan
Diversity: Tree height and diameter at breast height differed significantly
among locations, whereas fruit morphology exhibited low differences.
However, tree-to-tree variation within locations was high. Samples from the
southwest showed slightly higher genetic diversity indices (Table). High
diversity in all locations.
Genetic structure: A Bayesian clustering approach structured the samples
into two genetically different groups (Fig. 3): cluster 1, mainly trees from the
southwest (SW) and cluster 2, mainly trees from other locations. Urgent
need to implement conservation strategies in both genetically distinct
units.
Human impact: Baobabs sampled in or close to homesteads showed
slightly higher genetic diversity compared to trees far from homesteads
(‘wild’). First indication that human-mediated seed admixture from
various origins have possibly enriched the genetic base in the
homestead stands.
Introduction & Methods
Results & Discussion
Adansonia digitata L. is an important fruit tree of semi-arid sub-Saharan
Africa (Fig. 1). Baobab’s fruit pulp provides local nutrition and supports
national economies and even export markets. Despite its importance,
information of the tree’s ecology and distribution as well as morphological
and genetic diversity is lacking, particularly for the East African range. Within
that region, Sudan harbors the northernmost populations with potential
adaptations to dry conditions (Fig. 1). However, these populations are
threatened by lack of rejuvenation as well as habitat loss due to climate
change and human impact. A strong human association to baobabs leads to
the question if humans altered the species’ variation.
Therefore, morphological (dendrometric and fruit traits) and genetic data
(microsatellite markers) of 306 trees from Sudan were assessed that can be
used to develop suitable ex and/or in situ conservation strategies for this
important tree species. Figure 1. Natural distribution map (Wickens, 1979) and
sampling locations in the Nuba Mountains, Sudan.
Study area
The surprisingly high morphological variability and genetic diversity of
baobab highlights the potential for domestication of this neglected wild tree
in Sudan. The development of region-specific and sustainable management
strategies as part of circa situm conservation approaches will contribute to
maintain the genetic resources of this important, but threatened species in
the Nuba Mountains.
Figure 3. Bayesian
cluster plots obtained
with the STRUCTURE
software package
2.3.1 (Pritchard et al.
2000) for two
clusters, the most
plausible grouping of
all investigated
genotypes. Each
vertical bar
partitioned into two
colored segments
refers to a particular
tree and illustrates
the assignment
likelihood of the
respective genotype
to one of the two
clusters. Table. Morphological and genetic indices assessed for 306 A. digitata trees in the Nuba Mountains, 2010. ns=non-significant
according to Kruskal-Wallis for locations and Mann-Whitney test for ‘Homestead’ and ‘Wild’.
Homestead
trees
Microsatellite
application
DNA extraction
Wickens, G. E. (1979), Chapter 15: The uses of the baobab
(Adansonia digitata L.) in Africa. In: Taxonomic aspects of
African economic botany, Kunkel, G. (ed.).
Pritchard, J. K., M. Stephens, et al. (2000). Inference of
population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics
155: 945–959.
Financially supported by
Figure 2. Baobab
leaf and section of
DNA double helix.
Pre
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Conclusions