INTRODUCTION Banking in India originated in the first decade of 18th century with The General Bank of India coming into existence in 1786. This was followed by Bank of Hindustan. Both these banks are now defunct. The oldest bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India being established as "The Bank of Bengal" in Calcutta in June 1806. A couple of decades later, foreign banks like Credit Lyonnais started their Calcutta operations in the 1850s. At that point of time, Calcutta was the most active trading port, mainly due to the trade of the British Empire, and due to which banking activity took roots there and prospered.The first fully Indian owned bank was the Allahabad Bank, which was established in 1865.By the 1900s, the market expanded with the establishment of banks such as Punjab National Bank, in 1895 in Lahore and Bank of India, in 1906, in Mumbai - both of which were founded under private ownership. The Reserve Bank of India formally took on the responsibility of regulating the Indian banking sector from 1935. After India's independence in 1947, the Reserve Bank was nationalized and given broader powers.The Public Sector emerged as the driver of economic growth consequent to the industrial revolution in Europe. With the advent of globalization, the public sector faced new challenges in the developed economies. No longer the public sector had the privilege of operating in a sellers market and had to face competition both from domestic and international competitors. Further, in the second half of the 20th century in the developed economies, the political opinion started swinging towards the views that the intervention as well as investment by Government in commercial activities should be reduced to the extent possible.Objectives and aimsThe main strategic aim and objective for the nearest period is a dynamic development of the Bank and achievement of a qualitatively new level with the standards of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The development strategy of the Bank is based on the components, which together will ensure strengthen of the financial and economic situation of the Bank and the preservation of its credibility with its customers.Main strategic aims of Joint Stock Commercial Bank APABANK (Closed Joint Stock Company) are:1. Increase of authorized capital, raising size of own capital.2. Expansion of activity of the Bank by obtaining a License providing right to carry out transactions in foreign currencies and further entry into the deposit insurance system.3. Constant expansion of customer base with a priority on attracting small and micro-businesses.4. Formation of a diversified and sustainable resource base.5. Commencement and active development of cooperation with financial institutions and mortgage systems.6. The increase in capitalization of the Bank.7. The introduction of international standards of banking operations.8. The introduction and development of modern methods of marketing and PR.9. Improvement of risk management system.10. Improving the quality and diversity of the range of services for individuals, small and medium-sized businesses, in raising the volume of transactions and the pursuit of cost reduction of managing business, increasing its level of technology and control.Final result should be the creation of modern technologically Bank, which will possess by an optimal required network of service centers, provide high quality services to clients and enjoy significant authority in the market.AnalysisThis means to support economic growth of 1 percent, even greater growth of energy consumption was required, amounting to 1.2 percent. In addition to that, we must not lightly dismiss the deterioration of the environment wrought by this situation. According to the World Resources Institute data, Indonesia was the sixth-largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world after China, the US, the EU, India and Russia in 2011.

In the period from 2006 to 2010, Indonesia also recorded the highest growth in carbon dioxide emissions among the ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines), at an average of 5 percent per year. Actually, the Indonesian government already has a series of regulations to promote sustainable economic development. An example of these regulations is Presidential Regulation 5/2006 on national energy policy to achieve energy elasticity of less than 1 in 2025. There is also Presidential Regulation 61/2011 on the national action plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, progress on the achievement of these targets appears to be slow with regard to the aforementioned figures.

Recently, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) published a roadmap on green finance, which aimed to outline the conditions needed to achieve sustainable finance in Indonesia in the medium and long term, as well as to determine and develop milestones showing improvements related to sustainable finance.

This roadmap is to be appreciated knowing that the Indonesian economy currently still exhibits wasteful traits in terms of energy usage as well as environmental degradation.

If you look at the financial markets in Indonesia today, banks still play a dominant role in providing financing to the economy. Data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) on the recapitalization of public offerings of both stocks and corporate bonds indicates that from 2010 to 2014 an average of Rp 106.15 trillion (US$8.17 billion) in issues was offered.ConclusionBanking systems have been with us for as long as people have been using money. Banks and other financial institutions provide security for individuals, businesses and governments, alike. Let's recap what has been learned with this tutorial:

In general, what banks do is pretty easy to figure out. For the average person banks accept deposits, make loans, provide a safe place for money and valuables, and act as payment agents between merchants and banks.

Banks are quite important to the economy and are involved in such economic activities as issuing money, settling payments, credit intermediation, maturity transformation and money creation in the form of fractional reserve banking.

To make money, banks use deposits and whole sale deposits, share equity and fees and interest from debt, loans and consumer lending, such as credit cards and bank fees.

In addition to fees and loans, banks are also involved in various other types of lending and operations including, buy/hold securities, non-interest income, insurance and leasing and payment treasury services.

History has proven banks to be vulnerable to many risks, however, including credit, liquidity, market, operating, interesting rate and legal risks. Many global crises have been the result of such vulnerabilities and this has led to the strict regulation of state and national banks.

However, other financial institutions exist that are not restricted by such regulations. Such institutions include: savings and loans, credit unions, investment and merchant banks, shadow banks, Islamic banks and industrial banks.References[edit]1. Jump up^Annual Report 2015, p. 28http://www.bdc.ca/EN/Documents/annualreport/BDC_AnnualReport_2015.pdf2. Jump up^Annual report 2015, p.4http://www.bdc.ca/EN/Documents/annualreport/BDC_AnnualReport_2015.pdfRetrieved 2015-08-123. Jump up^Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat.http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pas-srp/remarks-observations_e.asp?id=34355. Retrieved 2012-05-044. Jump up^Official website.http://www.bdc.ca/EN/about/overview/history/Pages/pioneer_years.aspx. Retrieved 2012-05-045. ^Jump up to:abOfficial website.http://www.bdc.ca/EN/about/overview/history/Pages/pioneer_years.aspxRetrieved 2012-05-04