Bangladesh Perspective

ReRe--orienting TVET Policy towards Education orienting TVET Policy towards Education for Sustainable Developmentfor Sustainable Development

Bangladesh PerspectiveBangladesh Perspective

Presented by Presented by Ms. Razia BegumMs. Razia Begum

Additional SecretaryAdditional SecretaryMinistry of EducationMinistry of Education

Government of BangladeshGovernment of Bangladesh

OutlineOutline

1. Objective/ Rationale 1. Objective/ Rationale 2. A short brief on Technical and 2. A short brief on Technical and

Vocational Education in Bangladesh Vocational Education in Bangladesh 3. Certificates/ Diplomas/Degrees offered in TVE 3. Certificates/ Diplomas/Degrees offered in TVE 4. Enrollment and Expenditure in TVET 4. Enrollment and Expenditure in TVET 5. Challenges 5. Challenges -- Quality Assurance, Quality Assurance,

Accountability, Governance and Sustainability Accountability, Governance and Sustainability Issues.Issues.

ObjectivesObjectives•• 1. To give a brief account on the status of 1. To give a brief account on the status of

the TVET in Bangladesh. the TVET in Bangladesh.

•• To give an overview of the Government To give an overview of the Government programs and policies. programs and policies.

•• To highlight some of the best practices To highlight some of the best practices used in TVET in Bangladesh.used in TVET in Bangladesh.

•• To focus on risks and challenges lying To focus on risks and challenges lying ahead. ahead.

A Short Brief on Technical and A Short Brief on Technical and Vocational Education:Vocational Education:

((Certificates/ Diplomas/Degrees offeredCertificates/ Diplomas/Degrees offered))

1. 1. CertificatesCertificates:: SSC/HSC (Vocational)SSC/HSC (Vocational)Offered byOffered by : Govt./Non Govt. Technical Schools : Govt./Non Govt. Technical Schools

and Colleges.and Colleges.PrerequisitePrerequisite:: 10 yrs of Schooling (SSC), 12 yrs of 10 yrs of Schooling (SSC), 12 yrs of

Schooling (HSC)Schooling (HSC)2. 2. DiplomasDiplomas :: 4 years course, 4 years course, Polytechnic InstitutesPolytechnic Institutes

Requisite :Requisite : SSC/HSC(Voc)SSC/HSC(Voc)3. Degrees:3. Degrees: 4 years course, 4 years course, Engineering CollegesEngineering Colleges

Requisite: Requisite: Diploma, HSC (voc) and equivalent. Diploma, HSC (voc) and equivalent.

Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board

Technical and Vocational Education: Technical and Vocational Education: Present statusPresent statusa) Certificate level:a) Certificate level:

(i) (i) Govt. Technical School and Colleges:Govt. Technical School and Colleges:These type of institutes conducts SSC These type of institutes conducts SSC (Voc) and HSC (Voc) certificate courses. (Voc) and HSC (Voc) certificate courses. –– SSC (Voc) 10 years Schooling programSSC (Voc) 10 years Schooling program–– HSC (Voc) 12 years Schooling programHSC (Voc) 12 years Schooling program

(prerequisite qualification SSC (Voc)) (prerequisite qualification SSC (Voc)) •• Besides this, Technical School and Besides this, Technical School and

Colleges conducts short courses for Colleges conducts short courses for different time period. different time period.

(ii) (ii) NonNon--Govt. Schools :Govt. Schools :These type of schools conducts SSC (Voc) These type of schools conducts SSC (Voc) Course.Course.

b) Diploma level institutes:b) Diploma level institutes:•• Polytechnic institutes and similar type Polytechnic institutes and similar type

institutes.institutes.•• These type of institutes conducts These type of institutes conducts 4 years 4 years

diploma in Engineering, Survey, Glass and diploma in Engineering, Survey, Glass and ceramic, graphic arts and printing coursesceramic, graphic arts and printing courses

•• PrePre--requisite qualification is : SSC, requisite qualification is : SSC, SSC(voc) and equivalent. SSC(voc) and equivalent.

((c) Degree level institutes:c) Degree level institutes:•• These institutes conduct 4 years BSC in These institutes conduct 4 years BSC in

Engineering, Leather Technology, Textile Engineering, Leather Technology, Textile technology and Technical Education technology and Technical Education courses.courses.

•• Prerequisite qualification required to enroll Prerequisite qualification required to enroll these courses :Diploma, HSC (voc) and these courses :Diploma, HSC (voc) and equivalent. equivalent.

List of affiliated institutes, List of affiliated institutes, specialization and intake capacityspecialization and intake capacity1.Diploma in Technical Education

Number of InstitutesNumber of InstitutesPublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal

11 -- 11 120120

Intake Intake CapacityCapacity

2.Diploma in Vocational Education

808011--11TotalTotalPrivatePrivatePublicPublic


Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes

Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

3.Diploma in EngineeringNumber of InstitutesNumber of Institutes

PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal4747 128128 175175 35,83235,832


Area: Architecture, Automobile, Chemical, Civil, Civil (Wood), Computer, Electrical, Electronic, Food, Mechanical, Power, Refrigeration and Air-Condition, Offset Printing, Graphic Reproduction Printing, Ceramic, Glass, Marine, Shipbuilding, Aircraft Maintenance (Aerospace), Aircraft Maintenance (Avionics), Computer Science, Data Telecommunication and Networking, Surveying, Architecture and Interior Design, Construction, Electro medical, Environmental, Garments Design and Pattern Making, Instrumentation and Process Control, Mechatronics, Mining and Mine Survey, Telecommunication.


4. Diploma in Textile EngineeringNumber of InstitutesNumber of Institutes

PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal0303 -- 0303 150150


Area: Yarn Manufacturing, Fabric Manufacturing, Wet Processing, Garments & Clothing.

2,2802,280262620200606TotalTotalPrivatePrivatePublicPublic



5. Diploma in Forestry


6. Diploma in Agriculture


1313 9090 103103 10,01010,010


7. Diploma in Animal Health and Production

3003000303--0303TotalTotalPrivatePrivatePublicPublic




8. a. Diploma in Health Technologyb. Certificate in Health Technology

No of Institution No of Institution a. M/O Health. a. M/O Health.

b. M/O Educationb. M/O Education


Total Total Intake Intake

CapacityCapacity

PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotala.a. 55 2929 3434 41004100b.b. 00 5252 5252 19201920

Certificate in Health TechnologyCertificate in Health Technology

PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotala.a. 00 6767 6767 21802180b.b.

Ref: Information Cell, Directorate of Technical Education

10. HSC (Business Management)Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes

PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal-- 13271327 13271327 1,19,2501,19,250


Area: Computer Operation, Secretarial Science, Accounting, Banking, entrepreneurship.

11. HSC (Vocational)

16,74016,7406464--6464TotalTotalPrivatePrivatePublicPublic




12. SSC (Vocational)Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes

PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal129129 15971597 17261726 1,25,0001,25,000


Area: Audio Video System, Agro Based Food, Automotive, Building Maintenance, Civil Construction, Computer, Drafting (Civil), Drafting (Mechanical), Dress Making & Tailoring, Farm Machinery, Fish Culture & Breeding, Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation, Food Processing & Preservation, General Mechanics, General Electrical Works, Livestock Rearing & farming, Poultry Rearing & Farming, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning, Welding Works, Electrical Maintenance Works, Dying Printing & Fishing, Glass,

Wood Working, Ceramic, Machine Tools Operation, Knitting, Plumbing & Pipe Fitting, Weaving, Welding & Fabrications, Architectural Drafting With AutoCAD, Electrical Machine Maintenance, Industrial Electronics, Nursing & Mid- wifering, Hotel Management & Catering, Foundry Works, Shrimp Culture & Breeding.

13. Dhakil (Vocational)Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes

PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal-- 100100 100100 6,0006,000



14. Certificate in Vocational Education


0101 -- 0101 120120


15. Computer Training Program

14,00014,0004754754724720303TotalTotalPrivatePrivatePublicPublic




16. Basic Trade Course (360 Hours)


0909 160160 169169 8,2758,275



Vocational Education

• Bangladesh Vocational Qualification Framework (present)

NSS BasicNSS Basic Basic skilledBasic skilled 360 hours Basic Trade 360 hours Basic Trade CourseCourse

NSS IIINSS III Semi skilledSemi skilled SSC (Voc) Class IXSSC (Voc) Class IX

NSS IINSS II skilledskilled SSC (Voc) Class XSSC (Voc) Class X

NSS INSS I Highly skilledHighly skilled HSC (Voc) Class XI & XIIHSC (Voc) Class XI & XII

NSS MasterNSS Master Master craftsmanMaster craftsman Industry AssessedIndustry Assessed


No. of institutes and students appearing SSC (Voc) ExaminationYearYear No. of No. of

InstitutionInstitutionNo. of Student No. of Student

appearing SSC (Voc) appearing SSC (Voc) Pass rate Pass rate

(%)(%)Growth Growth rate (%)rate (%)

20002000 427427 1456014560 61.8561.85 --

20012001 535535 2005520055 57.1657.16 37.7437.74

20022002 680680 2559025590 43.4543.45 27.6027.60

20032003 687687 3162731627 38.9238.92 23.5923.59

20042004 870870 3145231452 51.1651.16 --0.550.55

20052005 950950 3577935779 51.4451.44 13.7613.76

20062006 12271227 4830948309 61.3761.37 35.0235.02

20072007 13381338 6463764637 51.0851.08 33.8033.80

20082008 14631463 8237582375 62.8862.88 27.4427.44


Comparison of General & Vocational Education at Secondary Level:

SSC ExamineeSSC ExamineeYearYear

TotalTotal VocationalVocational

20032003 10842411084241 3162731627 2.922.92

20042004 964507964507 3145231452 3.263.26

20052005 944015944015 3577935779 3.763.76

50065006 995123995123 4830948309 4.864.86

20072007 10245371024537 6463764637 6.316.31

20082008 10065691006569 8237582375 8.188.18

20092009 10586741058674 7505775057 7.087.08

% of Vocational% of VocationalEducationEducation


Major achievements in TVETMajor achievements in TVETEnsuring Accessibility:Ensuring Accessibility:•• New institutes are established to New institutes are established to

enhanced enrollment and 18320 enhanced enrollment and 18320 enrollment capacity increased for the last enrollment capacity increased for the last three years.three years.

•• Special quota facilities for tribal (2/4 each Special quota facilities for tribal (2/4 each institutes), freedom fighters dependant(2 institutes), freedom fighters dependant(2 each group of each department), and each group of each department), and women (10%) and vocational back ground women (10%) and vocational back ground students (15%) of capacity are provided.students (15%) of capacity are provided.

•• 4 separate polytechnic institutes for 4 separate polytechnic institutes for women are established, intake capacity is women are established, intake capacity is 680 (enrollment= 680*4 years course 680 (enrollment= 680*4 years course =2720). =2720).

•• Double shift program launched with the Double shift program launched with the existing infrastructure through paying only existing infrastructure through paying only 30% of basic salary and capacity 30% of basic salary and capacity becomes double of those institutes where becomes double of those institutes where double shift program running and double shift program running and increased intake capacity number is increased intake capacity number is 14630.14630.

Quality and relevancy:Quality and relevancy:•• Syllabuses updated with market demandSyllabuses updated with market demand•• Monitoring tools designed and monitoring Monitoring tools designed and monitoring

is done accordinglyis done accordingly•• Industrial linkage enhanced for getting Industrial linkage enhanced for getting

practical experience practical experience •• New equipment supplied for updated skill.New equipment supplied for updated skill.•• Training facilities arranged for the Training facilities arranged for the

teachers' and staff both home and teachers' and staff both home and overseas.overseas.

•• Linkage is being maintained with Linkage is being maintained with International Agencies for exchanging International Agencies for exchanging technical knowledge.technical knowledge.

Role of Government in educational Role of Government in educational developmentdevelopment•• Govt. Establishes new educational institute on Govt. Establishes new educational institute on

regular basis from its won fund. regular basis from its won fund. •• Govt. prepares syllabuses through its Govt. prepares syllabuses through its

agencies.agencies.•• Govt. conducts examinationGovt. conducts examination•• Govt. prepares education policyGovt. prepares education policy•• Govt. contributes full fund for govt. Govt. contributes full fund for govt.

educational institutes and 90% salaries for the educational institutes and 90% salaries for the NonNon--Govt. educational institutesGovt. educational institutes

•• Govt. contributes to international organization Govt. contributes to international organization for improving quality of Technical Vocational for improving quality of Technical Vocational Education. Education.

Role of community participation in Role of community participation in educationeducation•• Industry people are involved in preparing Industry people are involved in preparing

syllabuses to make syllabus market syllabuses to make syllabus market oriented. oriented.

•• Industry linkage is being maintained with Industry linkage is being maintained with educational institutes and students are educational institutes and students are getting opportunity for industrial attachment getting opportunity for industrial attachment program in the industries. program in the industries.

•• At present some NonAt present some Non--govt. organizations govt. organizations are conducting Technical and vocational are conducting Technical and vocational education program. education program.

•• Some private organizations are conducting Some private organizations are conducting diploma and degree courses on TVETdiploma and degree courses on TVET

Local resource mobilization: Local resource mobilization: •• Maximum of our educational institutes are Maximum of our educational institutes are

funded through Govt. own resources. funded through Govt. own resources. •• Infrastructure of NonInfrastructure of Non--Govt. School is built Govt. School is built

through community/private fundingthrough community/private fundingEnsuring good governance in Ensuring good governance in education sector:education sector:•• Teachers' are provided training on Teachers' are provided training on

guidance and counseling.guidance and counseling.•• Teachers' are given training on Teachers' are given training on

Competency Based Training on TVET.Competency Based Training on TVET.•• Guardians' day is observed annually in the Guardians' day is observed annually in the

institutes. institutes.

Educational FinancingEducational FinancingFunding Modalities: Vocational/ TechnicalFunding Modalities: Vocational/ TechnicalEducationEducation..

Financial contribution for Technical and Financial contribution for Technical and Vocational Education institutes are made by Vocational Education institutes are made by govt. for Govt. Certificate level institutes like ; govt. for Govt. Certificate level institutes like ; Technical School and Colleges ,Diploma level Technical School and Colleges ,Diploma level institutes like; Polytechnic Institutes & institutes like; Polytechnic Institutes & similar type Institutes and Degree level similar type Institutes and Degree level Institutes like, Engineering Colleges, Textile Institutes like, Engineering Colleges, Textile college, Leather college and Teaching college, Leather college and Teaching Training College from revenue budget.Training College from revenue budget.

(Amount in taka and in million)

Budget Allocation (Revenue & Development) for DTE

FiscalFiscal

Total Budget for Total Budget for Ministry of Ministry of

Education (MOE)Education (MOE)

Budget Budget allocation for allocation for

DTEDTE

Percent( %) Percent( %) share by DTE out share by DTE out

of total MOEof total MOE

20032003--040448899.148899.1 1522.01522.0 3.113.11

20042004--050550113.750113.7 2113.22113.2 4.224.22

20052005--060669150.669150.6 2023.42023.4 2.932.93

20062006--070782390.082390.0 1775.41775.4 2.152.15

20072007--080885861.985861.9 2651.32651.3 3.093.09

20082008--090990530.590530.5 2200.92200.9 2.432.43


Main ChallengesMain Challenges•• Updating knowledge and skill with Updating knowledge and skill with

competitive and volatile market .competitive and volatile market .•• Ensuring participatory learning .Ensuring participatory learning .•• Need assessment for competitive job Need assessment for competitive job

market .market .•• Rather more expensive than general Rather more expensive than general

education.education.•• Survival with technological changes.Survival with technological changes.•• Social status and images of TVET Social status and images of TVET

learners'.learners'.•• Access of studentsAccess of students

•• Relevance of curriculum.Relevance of curriculum.•• Flexibility in curriculum.Flexibility in curriculum.•• Quality education and training.Quality education and training.•• Capability development for Capability development for

infrastructure building.infrastructure building.•• Trained teachers'.Trained teachers'.•• Quality and updated tools and Quality and updated tools and

equipment.equipment.•• Adaptation with technological changes. Adaptation with technological changes.

Major programs undertaken for ReMajor programs undertaken for Re--orienting TVET policyorienting TVET policy•• Review and strengthen TVET policies, systems Review and strengthen TVET policies, systems

and legislation at the central and decentralized and legislation at the central and decentralized levels.levels.

•• Enhance flexibility, quality and relevance of Enhance flexibility, quality and relevance of TVET.TVET.

•• Strengthen TVET institutions through improved Strengthen TVET institutions through improved knowledge and skills of managers and teachers.knowledge and skills of managers and teachers.

•• Develop National Technical and Vocational Develop National Technical and Vocational Qualification FrameworkQualification Framework

•• Improve skills development resulting in Improve skills development resulting in enhanced productivity and enhanced productivity and competitiveness in key growth and competitiveness in key growth and exportexport--oriented industries in the formal oriented industries in the formal industrial sector.industrial sector.

•• Increase access of underprivileged Increase access of underprivileged groups to TVET.groups to TVET.

•• Establish partnerships with industry; Establish partnerships with industry; Focus: Focus: RMG and textiles, Construction, RMG and textiles, Construction, Light engineering, Leather, AgroLight engineering, Leather, Agro--food, food, IT and Transport equipmentIT and Transport equipment ..

•• Develop competency and training Develop competency and training standards.standards.

•• Develop curricula, teacher guides, learning Develop curricula, teacher guides, learning materials and assessment tools.materials and assessment tools.

•• Develop capacity in external competency Develop capacity in external competency assessment.assessment.

•• Upgrading Teacher training Institutions.Upgrading Teacher training Institutions.•• Strengthen the capacity of DTE for Strengthen the capacity of DTE for

planning, research & development and planning, research & development and social marketing.social marketing.

•• Deliver skills training in poor communities.Deliver skills training in poor communities.

Sustainability of achievements:Sustainability of achievements:•• Keep pace with new technologies is a must Keep pace with new technologies is a must •• Increased women participation in TVETIncreased women participation in TVET•• Continue updating of Syllabuses as per Continue updating of Syllabuses as per

market market •• Industries linkage enhanced for practical Industries linkage enhanced for practical

skill. skill. •• Increased Training facilities for teachers' Increased Training facilities for teachers'

and trainers.and trainers.•• International Linkage and cooperation for International Linkage and cooperation for

sharing exchanging technical knowledgesharing exchanging technical knowledge

ConclusionConclusion

•• Societal roleSocietal role•• Social CommitmentSocial Commitment•• Social responsibilitySocial responsibility•• Social adaptability to changeSocial adaptability to change

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