Bangalore India

Girls, when I was growing up, my Girls, when I was growing up, my parents used to say to me, “Tom, finish parents used to say to me, “Tom, finish your dinner – people in China and India your dinner – people in China and India are starving.” My advice to you is: Girls, are starving.” My advice to you is: Girls, finish your homework – people in China finish your homework – people in China

and India are starving for your jobs.and India are starving for your jobs.

– from – from The World Is FlatThe World Is Flat by Thomas by Thomas FriedmanFriedman

The crew of Apollo 17 took this photograph of Earth in December 1972 while the spacecraft was traveling between the Earth and the sun. The orange-red deserts of Africa and Saudi Arabia stand in stark contrast to the deep blue of the oceans and the white of both clouds and snow-covered Antarctica.

Bangalore IndiaBangalore India

Infosys – Call center company in BangaloreInfosys – Call center company in Bangalore

In 2004 Infosys had 9000 job openings In 2004 Infosys had 9000 job openings and received one million applications from and received one million applications from qualified Indians.qualified Indians.


In America call center jobs are low wage In America call center jobs are low wage and low prestige jobsand low prestige jobs

In India call center jobs are high wage and In India call center jobs are high wage and high prestige jobshigh prestige jobs


Off shoring these jobs saves companies Off shoring these jobs saves companies approximately 75% in wagesapproximately 75% in wages

More importantly (and not usually More importantly (and not usually mentioned in the US), workers in India and mentioned in the US), workers in India and China are approximately 100% more China are approximately 100% more productive!productive!

Main MessageMain Message With the flattening of Earth due to With the flattening of Earth due to

technology and the opening up of technology and the opening up of economies in China, India, Russia, and economies in China, India, Russia, and Eastern Europe workers in the US must Eastern Europe workers in the US must move their skills vertically to survive!move their skills vertically to survive!

Changing jobs but staying at the the same Changing jobs but staying at the the same education level will not be enough.education level will not be enough.

It is not enough that only 10 to 20 percent It is not enough that only 10 to 20 percent of US children get a strong math educationof US children get a strong math education

Education and Motivation GapEducation and Motivation Gap

Saying at the Microsoft research center in Saying at the Microsoft research center in Beijing, China:Beijing, China:

““Remember, When you are one in a million, Remember, When you are one in a million, there are 1300 others just like you.”there are 1300 others just like you.”

Education and Motivation GapEducation and Motivation Gap Microsoft has three research centers in the Microsoft has three research centers in the

worldworld Cambridge, EnglandCambridge, England Redmond, WARedmond, WA Beijing, ChinaBeijing, China

Within two years after opening in 1998, the Within two years after opening in 1998, the Microsoft research center in Beijing, China Microsoft research center in Beijing, China was the most productive.was the most productive.


Federal funding in the US for research in Federal funding in the US for research in physical and mathematical sciences and physical and mathematical sciences and engineering as a share of GDP declined engineering as a share of GDP declined by 37% from 1970 to 2004.by 37% from 1970 to 2004.


Percentage of scientific papers written by Percentage of scientific papers written by Americans has fallen 10% since 1992Americans has fallen 10% since 1992

Percentage of papers published in the top Percentage of papers published in the top physics journal in the world, physics journal in the world, Physical Physical ReviewReview, by Americans has fallen from , by Americans has fallen from 61% to 29% since 1983.61% to 29% since 1983.

From 1980 to 2003 US share of patents From 1980 to 2003 US share of patents has fallen from 60% to 52%.has fallen from 60% to 52%.


Think about current discussions on Think about current discussions on immigration and ease of students coming immigration and ease of students coming to America after 2001.to America after 2001.

National Foundation for American Policy National Foundation for American Policy recently conducted research that shows 60% recently conducted research that shows 60% of US top science students and 65% of US of US top science students and 65% of US top math students are children of recent top math students are children of recent immigrants.immigrants.


Fewer technologically and scientifically Fewer technologically and scientifically trained immigrants coming to US than in trained immigrants coming to US than in the past.the past.

Students that come to US for technological Students that come to US for technological or scientific degrees are returning to their or scientific degrees are returning to their own countries. They are not staying here own countries. They are not staying here anymore.anymore.

We have a brain drain!We have a brain drain!


Trends in International Mathematics and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)Science Study (TIMSS) Given every 4 yearsGiven every 4 years 2004 results are out2004 results are out


Trends in International Mathematics and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)Science Study (TIMSS) 44% of eighth grade students in Singapore 44% of eighth grade students in Singapore

scored at the most advanced level in math.scored at the most advanced level in math. 38% for Taiwan.38% for Taiwan. Only 7% for American eighth graders.Only 7% for American eighth graders.


John Hopkins University – routinely ranked John Hopkins University – routinely ranked as the number 1 research institution in as the number 1 research institution in AmericaAmerica Over 60% of graduate students in sciences Over 60% of graduate students in sciences

are foreign students (and they won’t stay here are foreign students (and they won’t stay here after they graduate)after they graduate)

In 2000 In 2000 allall the graduate students in the graduate students in mathematics were from Chinamathematics were from China


Tracy Koon – Intel’s director of corporate Tracy Koon – Intel’s director of corporate affairs:affairs:

““We looked at the fact that in disciplines We looked at the fact that in disciplines relative to our industry, the number of US relative to our industry, the number of US students graduating at the master’s and PhD students graduating at the master’s and PhD levels were declining in absolute numbers and levels were declining in absolute numbers and relative to other countries.”relative to other countries.”



““In our K to twelve we were doing okay at the In our K to twelve we were doing okay at the fourth-grade level, we were doing middle-of-fourth-grade level, we were doing middle-of-the-road in the eight grade, and by the twelfth the-road in the eight grade, and by the twelfth grade we were hovering near the bottom in grade we were hovering near the bottom in international tests related to math. So the international tests related to math. So the longer kids were in school the dumber they longer kids were in school the dumber they were getting.”were getting.”



““We have just started a whole engineering We have just started a whole engineering function in Russia, where engineers have function in Russia, where engineers have wonderful training – and talk about wonderful training – and talk about underemployed! We are beefing that up. underemployed! We are beefing that up. Why wouldn’t you?”Why wouldn’t you?”

Crisis is slow to unfoldCrisis is slow to unfold

Students taking science and math classes Students taking science and math classes in middle school today will complete in middle school today will complete advanced degrees in 2018 to 2020.advanced degrees in 2018 to 2020.


The National Science Board reports that in The National Science Board reports that in 2003 2.8 million science and engineering 2003 2.8 million science and engineering bachelor’s degrees were granted bachelor’s degrees were granted worldwide.worldwide. 1.2 million – Asia1.2 million – Asia 830,000 – Europe830,000 – Europe 400,000 - US400,000 - US


In engineering specifically, universities in In engineering specifically, universities in Asia now produce eight times as many Asia now produce eight times as many bachelor’s degrees as in America.bachelor’s degrees as in America.

Best engineering school in the world is in Best engineering school in the world is in India.India.


In China, science and engineering In China, science and engineering degrees represent 60% of all bachelor’s degrees represent 60% of all bachelor’s degrees granted.degrees granted.

31% for America31% for America


If just engineering is considered, 46% of If just engineering is considered, 46% of all bachelor’s degrees in China are in all bachelor’s degrees in China are in engineering fields.engineering fields.

In America it is 5%.In America it is 5%.


Students taking science and math classes Students taking science and math classes in middle school today will complete in middle school today will complete advanced degrees in 2018 to 2020.advanced degrees in 2018 to 2020.

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