Bandung - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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Bandung Kota Bandung From top, clockwise: Gedung Sate, Great Mosque of Bandung, night skyline of the city, Pasoepati Bridge, Merdeka Building Flag Seal Nickname(s): Kota Kembang (City of Flowers), Paris Timur (Paris of the East) Motto: Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti Location of Bandung in Indonesia Coordinates: 6°55′S 107°36′E Country Indonesia Province West Java Bandung From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bandung (/ ˈbændʊŋ/ or / ˈbɑːndʊŋ/) (Indonesian: Kota Bandung) (Dutch: Bandoeng) is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia and the country's third largest city by population with a sprawling urban population of 8.6 million in 2011. Located 768 metres (2,520 ft) above sea level, approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) south east of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler temperatures yearround than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains. This topography provides a good natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the colony capital from Batavia to Bandung. The Dutch colonials first established tea plantations around the mountains in the eighteenth century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the capital (180 kilometres (112 miles) to the northwest). The Dutch inhabitants of the city demanded establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed itself into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes and European boutiques were opened, hence the city was nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java"). Since Indonesia achieved independence in 1945, the city has experienced rapid development and urbanisation, transforming Bandung from idyllic town into a dense 16,500 people/km 2 metropolitan area, a living space for over 2.5 million people. Natural resources have been exploited excessively, particularly by conversion of protected upland area into highland villas and real estate. Although the city has encountered many problems (ranging from waste disposal, floods to complicated traffic system, etc.), Bandung still attracts tourists, immigrants and weekend travelers. Contents Coordinates: 6°55′S 107°36′E

description

bandung

Transcript of Bandung - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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    BandungKotaBandung

    Fromtop,clockwise:GedungSate,GreatMosqueofBandung,nightskylineofthecity,PasoepatiBridge,

    MerdekaBuilding

    Flag

    Seal

    Nickname(s):KotaKembang(CityofFlowers),ParisTimur(ParisoftheEast)

    Motto:GemahRipahWibawaMukti

    LocationofBandunginIndonesia

    Coordinates:655S10736E

    Country IndonesiaProvince WestJava

    BandungFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

    Bandung(/bnd/or/bnd/)(Indonesian:KotaBandung)(Dutch:Bandoeng)isthecapitalofWestJavaprovinceinIndonesiaandthecountry'sthirdlargestcitybypopulationwithasprawlingurbanpopulationof8.6millionin2011.Located768metres(2,520ft)abovesealevel,approximately140kilometres(87miles)southeastofJakarta,BandunghascoolertemperaturesyearroundthanmostotherIndonesiancities.Thecityliesonariverbasinsurroundedbyvolcanicmountains.Thistopographyprovidesagoodnaturaldefensesystem,whichwastheprimaryreasonfortheDutchEastIndiesgovernment'splantomovethecolonycapitalfromBataviatoBandung.

    TheDutchcolonialsfirstestablishedteaplantationsaroundthemountainsintheeighteenthcentury,andaroadwasconstructedtoconnecttheplantationareatothecapital(180kilometres(112miles)tothenorthwest).TheDutchinhabitantsofthecitydemandedestablishmentofamunicipality(gemeente),whichwasgrantedin1906,andBandunggraduallydevelopeditselfintoaresortcityforplantationowners.Luxurioushotels,restaurants,cafesandEuropeanboutiqueswereopened,hencethecitywasnicknamedParijsvanJava(Dutch:"TheParisofJava").

    SinceIndonesiaachievedindependencein1945,thecityhasexperiencedrapiddevelopmentandurbanisation,transformingBandungfromidyllictownintoadense16,500people/km2metropolitanarea,alivingspaceforover2.5millionpeople.Naturalresourceshavebeenexploitedexcessively,particularlybyconversionofprotecteduplandareaintohighlandvillasandrealestate.Althoughthecityhasencounteredmanyproblems(rangingfromwastedisposal,floodstocomplicatedtrafficsystem,etc.),Bandungstillattractstourists,immigrantsandweekendtravelers.

    Contents

    Coordinates:655S10736E

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    Founded 1488Citystatus 25September1810

    GovernmentMayor RidwanKamil[1]

    AreaCity 167.67km2(64.74sqmi)Metro 2,216.6km2(855.8sqmi)

    Elevation 768m(2,520ft)

    Population(2014officialestimate)City 2,575,478Density 15,000/km2(40,000/sqmi)Metro 7,414,560Metrodensity 3,300/km2(8,700/sqmi)

    Demonym Bandungite

    Timezone WIB(UTC+7)Areacode(s) (+62)22Vehicleregistration

    D

    Website www.bandung.go.id(http://www.bandung.go.id/index.php)

    MountTangkubanPerahu

    Contents

    1Geography2Climate3History4Administration

    4.1Administrativedistricts5Cityscape6Demographics7Mainsights8Culture

    8.1Tourism8.2Sports8.3Media

    9Transportation10Scienceandeducation11Economy12Environmentalissues13Notablepeople14TwintownsSistercities15Awards16Gallery17References18Externallinks

    Geography

    Bandung,thecapitalofWestJavaprovince,locatedabout180kilometres(110mi)southeastofJakarta,isthethirdlargestcityinIndonesia.Itselevationis768metres(2,520ft)abovesealevelandissurroundedbyupto2,400m(7,874ft)highLateTertiaryandQuaternaryvolcanicterrain.[2]The400km2flatofcentralBandungplainissituatedinthemiddleof2,340.88km2wideoftheBandungBasinthebasincomprisesBandung,theCimahicity,partofBandungRegency,partofWestBandungRegency,andpartofSumedangRegency.[3]Thebasin'smainriveristheCitarumoneofitsbranches,theCikapundung,dividesBandungfromnorthtosouthbeforeitmergeswithCitarumagaininDayeuhkolot.TheBandung

    Basinisanimportantsourceofwaterfordrinkingwater,irrigationandfisheries,andits6,147millionmofgroundwaterisamajorreservoirforthecity.[3]

    ThenorthernpartofthecityismorehillythantherestthedistinguishedtruncatedflatpeakshapeoftheTangkubanPerahuvolcano(TangkubanPerahuliterallymeans'upsidedownboat')canbeseenfromthecitytothenorth.Longtermvolcanicactivityhascreatedfertileandisolsoilinthenorth,suitableforintensiverice,fruit,tea,tobaccoandcoffeeplantations.Inthesouthandeast,alluvialsoilsdepositedbytheCikapundungriveraremostlyfound.

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    TheDagoWaterfallnearBandung,date19201932

    JalanBragacirca19351938

    JalanPasupati

    GeologicaldatashowsthattheBandungBasinislocatedonanancientvolcano,knownasMountSunda,erectedupto3,0004,000metres(9,85013,100ft)duringthePleistoceneage.[4]Twolargescaleeruptionstookplacethefirstformedthebasinandtheother(est.55,000BeforePresent)blockedtheCitarumriver,turningthebasinintoalakeknownas"theGreatPrehistoricLakeofBandung".[5]Thelakedrainedawaythereasonforwhichisthesubjectofongoingdebateamonggeologists.[6][7]

    Climate

    ThecityofBandunghasatropicalhighlandrainforestmonsoonclimate.[8]Duetoitselevation,theclimateinBandungiscoolerthanmostIndonesiancitiesandisclassifiedashumidtheaveragetemperatureis23.6C(74.5F)throughouttheyear.[9]Theaverageannualrainfallrangesfrom1,000millimetresinthecentralandsoutheastregionsto3,500millimetresinthenorthofthecity.[3]ThewetseasonconformswithotherIndonesianregions,aroundNovembertoApril.Despiteitshighelevation,nosnowwasrecorded,duetoitstropicallocation,eventhoughlowesttemperaturerecordedis4.44C(40.0F).Also,ithaswetanddryseasons,despitebeinglocatedclosetoequator.

    History

    TheofficialnameofthecitywasBandoengduringthedaysofDutchEastIndies.

    Theearliestreferencetothecitydatesbackto1488,althougharchaeologicalfindingssuggestatypeofHomoerectusspecieshadlongpreviouslylivedonthebanksoftheCikapundungRiverandaroundtheoldlakeofBandung.[10]Duringtheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,theDutchEastIndiesCompany(VOC)openedplantationsintheBandungarea.In1786,asupplyroadconnectingBatavia(nowJakarta),

    Bogor,Cianjur,Bandung,SumedangandCirebonwasconstructed.In1809,NapoleonBonaparte,FrenchEmperorandconquerorofmuchofEuropeincludingtheNetherlandsanditscolonies,(beforehisultimatedownfallatWaterlooin1815)orderedtheDutchIndiesGovernorH.W.DaendelstoimprovethedefensivesystemsofJavatoprotectagainsttheBritishinIndia.Daendelsbuiltaroad,stretchingapproximately1,000km(620mi)fromthewesttotheeastcoastofJava,passingthroughBandung.[11][12]In1810,theroadwaslaiddowninBandungandwasnamedDeGrootePostweg(orthe'mainpostroad'),thepresentdaysiteofAsiaAfrika

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    BandungCathedral,seatoftheRomanCatholicDioceseofBandung

    GedungMerdekaduringtheAsianAfricanConferencein1955

    Street.UnderDaendels'orders,R.A.WiranatakusumahII,thechiefadministrationoftheBandungregencyatthattime,moveditsofficefromKrapyak,inthesouth,toaplacenearapairofholycitywells(sumurBandung),thepresentdaysiteofthecitysquare(alunalun).Hebuilthisdalem(palace),masjidagung(thegrandmosque)andpendopo(publicofficialmeetingplace)intheclassicalorientation.[13]ThependopofacesTangkubanPerahumountain,whichwasbelievedtohaveamysticalambience.

    In1880,thefirstmajorrailroadbetweenBataviaandBandungwascompleted,[14]boostinglightindustryinBandung.Chinesefromoutsidethecityflockedin,tohelprunfacilities,servicesandsellingvendormachines.TheareaaroundthetrainstationisstillrecognisableastheoldChinatowndistrict.In1906,Bandungwasgiventhestatusofgemeente(municipality)andthentwentyyearslaterstadsgemeente(citymunicipality).

    Inthebeginningofthe1920s,theDutchEastIndiesgovernmentmadeplanstomovethecapitalofDutchEastIndiesfromBataviatoBandung.Accordingly,duringthisdecade,theDutchcolonialgovernmentstartedbuildingmilitarybarracks,thecentralgovernmentbuilding(GouvernmentsBedrijven,thepresentdayGedungSate)andothergovernmentbuildings.However,thisplan,wascutshortbyWorldWarII,afterwhichtheDutchwerenotabletoreestablishtheircolony.

    ThefertileareaoftheParahyanganMountainssurroundingBandungsupportsproductiveteaplantations.Inthenineteenthcentury,FranzJunghuhnintroducedthecinchona(kina)plant.[15]Withitscoolerelevatedlandscape,surroundedbymajorplantations,BandungbecameanexclusiveEuropeanresortarea.[16]Richplantationownersvisitedthecityonweekends,attractingladiesandbusinesspeoplefromthecapital,Batavia.BragaStreetgrewintoapromenadestreetwithcafes,restaurantsandboutiqueshops.Twoartdecostylehotels,SavoyHomannandPreanger,werebuiltinthevicinityoftheConcordiaSociety,aclubhouseforthewealthywithalargeballroomandatheatre.[14]Thenickname"ParijsvanJava"wasgiventothecity.

    AftertheIndonesianIndependencein1945,BandungwasdeterminedasthecapitalofWestJavaprovince.Duringthe19451949independencestruggleagainsttheDutchwhentheywantedtoreclaimtheircolonies,Bandungwasoneoftheheaviestbattleplaces.AttheendofWorldWarIInearlynoDutchtroopswereinJava.BeforerestoringDutchsovereignty,theBritishtookamilitaryholdonJava'smajorcities.TheBritishmilitarycommandersetanultimatumfortheIndonesiancombatantsinBandungtoleavethecity.Inresponse,on24March1946,muchofthesouthernpartofBandungwasdeliberatelysetalightasthecombatantsleftaneventknownastheBandungLautanApior'BandungSeaofFlame'.[17]

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    SateBuilding,Bandung

    In1955,thefirstAsianAfricanConferencealsoknownastheBandungConferencewasheldinBandungbyPresidentSoekarno,attendedbyheadofstatesrepresentingtwentyninecountriesandcoloniesfromAsiaandAfrica.[18]TheconferencevenuewasattheGedungMerdeka,theformerConcordiaSocietybuilding.Theconferenceannounced10pointsofdeclarationonworldpeacepromotionandoppositionsagainstcolonialism,knownastheDeclarationofBandung,whichfollowedbywaveofnationalismmovementsaroundtheglobeandremappedtheworldpolitics.[19]Theconferencewasalsothefirstinternationalconferenceofpeopleofcolorinthehistoryofmankind.[20]RichardWrightinhisbook,TheColorCurtain,capturedtheepicmeaningsoftheconferenceforpeopleofcoloraroundtheworld.[20]

    In2005,theconcurrentAsianAfricanConferencealsotakingpartlyinBandung,bringingworldfiguressuchasPresidentofIndonesiaSusiloB.Yudhoyono,PresidentofChinaHuJintao,PrimeMinisterofIndiaManmohanSingh,PresidentofSouthAfricaThaboMbeki,PresidentofNigeriaObasanjo,andcountlessotherluminaries.[21]

    In1987,thecityboundarywasexpandedwiththeGreaterBandung(BandungRaya)planarelocationofhigherconcentrationdevelopmentoutsidethecityinanattempttodilutesomeofpopulationintheoldcity.Duringitsdevelopment,however,thecitycoreisoftenuprooted,oldfacesaretorndown,lotsizesregrouped,andwhatwasidyllicresidenceisbustlingchainsupermarketsandrichbanks.[16]

    Administration

    Thecityareain1906was19.22squarekilometres(7.42squaremiles)andby1987itwas167.2965km2.[9]Thecityadministrationisdividedinto26districts(kecamatan)and139villages(kelurahan).Amayor(walikota)leadsthecityadministration.Since2008,thecityresidentsdirectlyvotedforamayor,whilepreviouslymayorswerenominatedandselectedbythecitycouncilmembersorknownastheRegionalPeople'sRepresentativeCouncil(DPRD).Asof2003,thetotalnumberofcityadministrationpersonnelis20,163.[9]

    Administrativedistricts

    BandungCityisdividedinto30districts[22](kecamatan),listedbelowwiththeirpopulationsatthe2010Census:[23]

    Andir(94,361)Antapani(72,006)Arcamanik(65,607)Astanaanyar(66,658)BabakanCiparay(143,203)BandungKidul(57,398)BandungKulon(138,644)BandungWetan(29,807)Batununggal(116,935)BojongloaKaler(117,218)

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    Cityscape

    BojongloaKidul(83,600)Buahbatu(92,140)CibeunyingKaler(68,807)CibeunyingKidul(104,575)Cibiru(67,412)Cicendo(96,491)Cidadap(56,325)Cinambo(23,762)Coblong(127,588)Gedebage(34,299)Kiaracondong(127,616)Lengkong(69,307)Mandalajati(60,825)Panyileukan(37,691)Rancasari(72,406)Regol(79,316)Sukajadi(104,805)Sukasari(79,211)SumurBandung(34,486)UjungBerung(72,414)

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    Viewtowardsouthdelhi

    Demographics

    In2005thepopulationofBandungwas2,290,464,withadensityof13,693/km2(35,465/sqmi).[24]TheMay2010censuscountresultis2,393,688people,[25]andthelatestofficialestimate(for2014)is2,575,478makingBandungthethirdlargestcityinIndonesia.

    MostofBandung'spopulationareofSundanesedescent.JavanesearethelargestminoritytheymostlycomefromthenearbyprovinceandtheeasternpartofJava.OtherminoritiesincludeMinangs,Malays,Bataks,Chinese,Korean,andIndians.

    Mainsights

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    InstitutTeknologiBandung.CeremonialHallbyarchitectHenriMaclainePont

    ThearchitecturaldesignbyAlbertAalbersin1939isoneofthemostsignificantexamplesoftheArtDecostyleforwhichBandungisrenowned

    BandungishometonumerousexamplesofDutchcolonialarchitecturemostnotablythetropicalArtDeco,dubbedNewIndiesStyle.HenriMaclainePontwasamongthefirstDutcharchitectstorecognisetheimportanceofcombiningeacharchitecturalstylewithlocalculturaltraditions.Hestressedthatmodernarchitectureshouldinteractwithlocalhistoryandnativeelements.[26]In1920,PontplannedanddesignedbuildingsforthefirsttechnicaluniversityintheDutchEastIndies,TechnischeHogeschoolteBandung(thepresentdayInstitutTeknologiBandung),afterwhichhewasnamedasaprofessorinarchitectureattheuniversity.AstrikinglocalSundaneseroofstyleisclearlyseenadorningthetopofthecampus'ceremonialhall,embeddedinhisartwork.[26]

    Inthesameyear,anotherDutcharchitectJGerberdesignedGouvermentsBedrijven(GovernmentCompanies)inlinewiththecolonialgovernmentplantomovethecapitalfromBataviatoBandung.ThebuildingisanexampleofaharmoniousmixturebetweenWestandEastarchitecturalstyles,particularlytheItalianRenaissancestyleofarchstructuresinthewingsandpendopolikestructurescommonlyfoundinJavainthemiddlesection.ThebuildingisknownasGedungSate,namedafterthedistinguishedsmallsatayshapedstructureontheroof,andistodayusedastheheadofficeofWestJavaprovincialgovernmentandWestJava'shouseofrepresentative.

    ThemodernandnativearchitecturalblendingwasfollowedbyseveralDutcharchitectsthathaveshapedthecitylandmarks.Inthe1930s,BandungwasknownalsoasthecityofarchitecturelaboratorybecauseofthemanyDutcharchitectswhoexperimentedwithnewarchitecturaldesigns.AlbertAalbersaddedthestreamlinemodernestyletotheArtDecobydesigningtheDENISbank(1936)andrenovatedtheSavoyHomannHotel(1939).C.P.W.Schoemakerwasoneofarchitectswhostronglyaddednativeelementsinhisartworks,includingtheVillaIsola(1932),HotelPreanger(1929),theregionalmilitaryheadquarter(1918),GedungMerdeka(1921)andITBRectorateBuilding(1925).[26]

    Culture

    Bandungisconsideredamajor&significantculturalhubinIndonesia.MostpeopleinthesurroundingprovinceofWestJavaareSundanese.Sundaneselanguageisspokenasthefirstlanguageandiscommonlyusedasinformallanguageforcommunicationinstreets,school,campus,workandmarkets,whileIndonesianIndonesia'snationallanguageandalinguafrancaamongitsmanyethnicunitsisusedasasecondlanguageandthelanguageofgovernment,businesses,andinstructionatschools.

    Tourism

    BandungisapopularweekenddestinationofresidentsofJakarta.Thecoolerclimateofthehighlandplantationarea,thevarietiesoffood,thecheaperfashionshopslocatedinfactoryoutletsanddistros,golfcourses,andthezoo,aresomeoftheattractionsofthecity.[27]Bandungisalsoapopularshopping

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    Denimstore,CihampelasStreet

    destinationforthegoodvalueofitstextileandfashionproductsamongMalaysiansandSingaporeans.[28]

    Inthe1990s,localdesignersopeneddenimclothingstoresalongCihampelasStreetwhichtransformedintoa"jeansstreet".Thecityattractspeoplefromotherbigcitiestobuylocalfashionwares,astheyarecheaperthanbrandeditems.[29]BesideatCihampelasStreet,manyfactoryoutletsalsoopenedatRiauStreet,SetiabudiStreet,andDjuandaStreet(knownasDago).TextilefactoriesontheoutskirtsofBandunghaveopenedfactoryoutletsonsitesellingwhatismarketedassisaexport(rejectedoroverproducedexportqualityitems).[30]BandungSupermal,BandungIndahPlaza,Ciwalk(abbreviationofCihampelasWalk)andParisvanJavaarepopularshoppingcentresinBandung.

    SignificanttouristsitesnearBandungincludetheTangkubanPrahuvolcanocratertothenorth,thestrikingKawahPutihvolcanolake,andPatenggangLake,alakesurroundedbyteaplantationsabout50kilometres(31miles)tothesouthofthecity.

    ToseeBandungBasinclearlywhichissurroundingbythemountains,wecanseefromBongkorprotectedforestarea(kawasanhutanlindung),SaungDaweung,Arcamanik,inslopeofWestManglayangMountain.PeopleknowntheareaasCaringinTiluwithentryfromPadasuka,Cicaheumtothenorth.Theforestislocatedin1,500abovemeansealevelwithpinetreesmanagedbygovernmentcorporationPerhutaniandcanbeaccessedin30minutesdrivefromdowntown.[31][32]Bandungalsohasseveralmuseumsthatmustbevisitedbytourists,suchastheGeologicalMuseumofBandung,IndonesiaPostalMuseum,SriBadugaMuseum,andTheAsianAfricanConferenceMuseum.[33]

    Sports

    BandungisthehometownofthePersibBandungfootballteam.themostsuccessfulIndonesianfootballteaminAsiancompetitionaswellasintheIndonesiaSuperLeague.Anotherteam,PelitaBandungRaya,theteamalsoplaysintheIndonesiaSuperLeague.OtherpopularsportsinBandungincludebadminton.TheroadsleadinguptoLembangandDagoarepopularroutesformountaincyclingduringtheweekend.InthehillsidearoundBandung,thereareseveralgolfcourses.

    Media

    Bandunghasseverallocaldailynewspapers,includingPikiranRakyat,GalamediaandTribunJabar.SeverallocaltelevisionstationoperateinBandung,suchasTrans7,TransTV,NET.,tvOne,RCTI,SCTV,Indosiar,ANTV,MNCTV,GlobalTV,MetroTV,RTVBandung(aRajawaliTelevisiNetwork),KompasTVJawaBarat(aKompasTVNetwork),andTVRI.ManyradiostationsbroadcastfromBandung.

    Bandunghasbeenfeaturedinthe9thand10thlegoftheAmericanrealityseriesofTheAmazingRace23,popularisingthecitytomanyviewersespeciallyAmericans.

    Transportation

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    BandungcanbeaccessedthroughhighwaysfromJakarta.AnintercitytollhighwaycalledCipularangtollroad,connectingJakarta,Karawang,Purwakarta,PadalarangandBandung,hasrecentlybeencompletedinMay2005.ItiscurrentlythefastestwaytogotoBandungfromthecapital.Drivingtimeisabout1.5hoursonaverage.Thereare3otheroptions:thePuncakroute(JakartaCianjur/SukabumiBandung),Purwakartaroute(JakartaCikampekPurwakartaCikalongWetanPadalarangCimahiBandung)andtheSubangroute(JakartaCikampekSubangLembangBandung).Fromeasternpartofthecities(Cirebon,TasikmalayaandCentralJavaprovince),Bandungcanbeaccessedthroughthemainprovincialroad.IndonesianNationalRoute3linksBandungtowardsCilegonandKetapang(Banyuwangi).

    ThePasupatibridgerecentlyopenedtothepublic,relievingtrafficjamsinthecityforeastwesttransport.The2.8kilometre(1.7mi)cablestayedbridgeliesthroughthevalleyofCikapundung.Itis30to60metreswideandafterextensivedelays,itsconstructionfinallycompletedinJune2005,followingfinancialinvestmentfromKuwait.[34]ThebridgeispartofBandung'scomprehensiveinnercityhighwaysplan.

    Taxisarewidelyavailable.Theprimarymeansofpublictransportationisbyminibus,calledangkot(fromangkutan=transportationandkota=city).Theyservecertainroutesthroughoutthecity,operatedprivatelyandcheap,butthesecityshuttlesarenotusuallyknownforbeingcomfortable.[35]Tofindexactangkotroutes,informationareavailablethroughthedriversoratterminals.Cityownedbuses,calledDAMRI,operateonlarger,relativelylongroutes.Bandunghas2intercitybusterminals:Leuwipanjang,servingbusesfromthewest,andCicaheum,servingbusesfromtheeast.BotharefullandwillbereplacedbyanewterminalatGedebageon15hectaresland,whiletheoldterminalswillbefunctionedasinnercityterminals.ThelocationofthenewterminalwillbenexttotheGedebagerailwaystationon15hectaresareatoo,botharenearofGedebagecontainerdryport.[36]

    BandungHuseinSastranegaraInternationalAirportservesdirectdomesticflightstoBatam,Pekanbaru,Medan,BandarLampung,Surabaya,Yogyakarta,Denpasar,Semarang,Banjarmasin,Makassar,andalsointernationalservicesfromKualaLumpurandSingapore.TheairportislocatednearbytheDirgantaraaerospacecomplexandDirgantaraFairground.

    Bandunghastwolargerailwaystations,i.e.BandungandKiaracondongStations.OthersmallerstationsareCimindi,Andir,Ciroyom,Cikudapateuh,andGedebageStations(onlyforfreightservice).RailwayconnectsBandungtoCianjur,Jakarta,Purwakarta,Bekasi,KarawangandCikampektothewest,andSurabaya,Malang,YogyakartaandSolototheeast.ItisalsothemajormeansoftransportationforpeoplelivinginsuburbareasofCimahi,Padalarang,Rancaekek,CicalengkaandCileunyi.In2012BandungCommuterTrainphase1willbebuilttoconnectPadalarang,Cimahi,BandungandCicalengka.13TransMetroBandungcorridorswillserveasfeeders.Thephase2willconnectCicalengkatoJatinangor.[37]

    32sheltersofTransMetroBandung(similartoTransJakarta)alongSoekarnoHattastreetwillbefinishedonAugust2011withcostofRp13.1billion($1.54million).Additional30buseswilljointhecurrentoperationof10buses,afterallsheltershavebeenfinished.[38]

    Since21June2011Damrioperatorhaslaunched2buseswithrouteCibiruKebonKelapaviceversaspecialforwomenpassengersonlywithwomendrivers.Itaccommodatedthecertainreligionneeds.[39]

    In5August2011JusufKallahasannouncedthathewouldliketobuildamonorailinBandungwithvalueaboutRp.4trillion($470million).[40]

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    InstitutTeknologiBandung

    AsofApril2012,thecablecarproject'BandungSkybridge'toconnectPasteur(Cihampelas)toSabuga(TamanSari)isat90percentofcompletionawaitinglegalauthorisationtooperate.Whenapproved,itwillbeoperationalwithinayear.[41]ToeaseCihampelastrafficjam,askywalkforwalkingonlyfromCihampelastoTamansariwillbebuiltsoonandpredictedwillbeactivatedin2014.VehiclescanbeparkedatTamansari.[42]

    Scienceandeducation

    TherearehundredsofpublicandprivateschoolsinBandung.LikeinotherIndonesiancities,BandunghasseveralstatefundedandadministeredStateJuniorHighSchools(SMPNegeri)andStateHighSchools(SMANegeri).Atleastsixteenuniversitiesthreeofwhicharestateownedand45professionalschoolsarescatteredacrossthecity.Educationfromsocialsciences,technologyuntiltourismeducationcanbefoundinoneofthoseuniversities.

    AmongtheseveraluniversitieslocatedinBandung,InstitutTeknologiBandung(BandungInstituteofTechnology),UniversitasPadjadjaran(PadjadjaranUniversity),ParahyanganCatholic

    University,UniversitasIslamBandung,(BandungIslamUniversity),UniversitasKristenMaranatha(MaranathaChristianUniversity),UniversitasIslamNusantara(NusantaraIslamicOfUniversity),UniversitasPendidikanIndonesia(IndonesiaUniversityofEducation),UniversitasIslamNegeriSunanGunungDjati(SunanGunungDjatiIslamicStateUniversity),InstitutTeknologiTelkom(TelkomInstituteofTechnology),PoliteknikNegeriBandung(BandungStatePolytechnic),andPoliteknikManufakturNegeriBandung(BandungStatePolytechnicforManufacturing)areconsideredamongthebestuniversitiesintheirrespectivefieldsofspecialtyinIndonesia.Established1920,InstitutTeknologiBandungisIndonesia'soldestandmostprestigioustechnicaluniversity.UniversitasPendidikanIndonesia(formerlyIKIPBandung,establishedin1954)isoneofthefirstinstitutionsofhighereducationestablishedafterIndonesianindependenceandiscurrentlyaleadingeducationuniversityinthecountry.UniversitasPadjadjaran(establishedin1956)isconsideredtobeoneofthebestuniversitiesinthecountryinthefieldsofmedical,law,communication,andeconomicstudies.

    InthenorthofBandung,BosschaObservatoryistheonlyobservatoryinIndonesia.Constructionoftheobservatorybeganin1923andwascompletedin1928.In1922,thefirstinternationalpublicationfromBosschaObservatorywaspublishedandin1959,theobservatorywasincludedasapartofthedepartmentofastronomyintheInstitutTeknologiBandung(BandungInstituteofTechnology).

    Economy

    Bandungeconomyismainlybuiltupontourism,manufacturing,textile/apparel,educationinstitutions,technology,retail,services,plantation/agriculture,financial,pharmaceutical,food,amongothers.[21]

    Bandunghasnearly50highereducationalinstitutionsandisamongthemostpopulardestinationforeducationinIndonesia.CreativebasedculturehasshapedthebasisofBandungeconomy.TheoncequietresidentialdistrictofDagohasbecomeanimportantbusinessandentertainmentcentre.ChiccafesandrestaurantsarespreadingoutalongDagoStreet.Intheearly1990sCihampelasStreetbecameapopularclothingstorelocation.

  • 7/5/2015 BandungWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung 12/16

    AteaplantationinCiwidey,BandunginIndonesia

    Adistrosellsnontrademarkedproducts,madebylocaldesigners.Books,indielabelrecords,magazines,fashionproductsandotheraccessoriesaretypicaldistroproducts.Theseproductsreceivedlargeteenageattention.Distrodistancesitselffromfactoryoutletsintermofitsphilosophy.Distrosarisefromindividualdesignersandyoungentrepreneurs,whilefactoryoutletproductsarefromgarmentfactories.[43]

    Bandungadministrationhasagreedtosubstantiallydevelopsevenindustrialandtradeareas,whicharethespecialityofBandung:[44]

    BinongjatiKnittingIndustrialandTradeCenterCigondewahTextileTradeCenterCihampelasJeansTradeCenterSuci(TandOblong)ShirtIndustrialCenterCibaduyutShoesIndustrialCenterCibuntuTofuandTempehIndustrialCenterSukamulyaSukajadiDollIndustrialCenter

    Environmentalissues

    ThenorthofthecityservesasawaterreservoirforBandung'stwomillionpeople,however,theareahasseenmuchresidentialdevelopment.Severalattemptstoreservethisareahavebeenmade,includingthecreationofreserves,suchastheJuandaNationalParkandPuncrut,butthedevelopmentcontinues.TherealdangerhascomeintheformofseveralfloodingsinBandung'ssouth.[45]

    Inthemiddleof2006,Bandungfacedanotherenvironmentaldisaster,asthecity'slandfillsitewasreevaluatedafteragarbageslidein2005(whichburiedthevillage,KampungGajah,beneathit,killingoverahundredpeople).[46]Collectionof8,000m3/daydomesticgarbagepiledup,causingsevereairpollutionbylocalburning,spreadingofdiseases,andwatercontamination.Theprovincialgovernmenthasfailedinitsattemptstosolvethegarbageissues.[47][48]

    Thecityalsosuffersfrompollution.AsBandungislocatedinmountain"bowl"andsurroundedbymountains,italsocoveredbysmog.Despitethat,thefrequentraininrainyseasonclearsthesmogthatcoversthecity.

    Notablepeople

    SeemoreatCategory:PeoplefromBandung

    TwintownsSistercities

    Bandunghassisterrelationshipswithanumberoftownsworldwide:

    Cebu,Philippines

  • 7/5/2015 BandungWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung 13/16

    FortWorth,UnitedStates[49]Suwon,SouthKoreaBari,ItalyHangzhou,People'sRepublicofChinaLiuzhou,People'sRepublicofChinaYingkou,People'sRepublicofChinaAlmaty,KazakhstanBraunschweig,Germany[50]Kuantan,MalaysiaPetalingJaya,Malaysia[51]Seremban,MalaysiaPekanbaru,Indonesia

    Awards

    1997:AdipuraAwardfortheachievementofthecleanestcityinIndonesia.

    TheAdipuraconsistsofatrophyandanaward.

    Gallery

    www.twitter.com/Sate_Marem(http://www.twitter.com/Sate_Marem)

    EasternBandungskyline

    UniversitasIslamBandung

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  • 7/5/2015 BandungWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

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    WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoBandung.

    Externallinks

    Officialsite(http://www.bandung.go.id/?fa=en.index)BandungHeritageSociety(http://www.bandungheritage.org/)BandungMap(http://bandungmap.com/)

    Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bandung&oldid=669551136"

    Categories: Bandung PopulatedplacesinWestJava ProvincialcapitalsinIndonesiaRegencycapitalsofIndonesia

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