Bandung Urban Heat Intensity
13
W Internship Presentation d : Bandung – Indonesia, 21 July–15 August,2013 uilt Environment, its Sky View Factor and Outdoor Microclimate Beta Parami 2011DBB402- Fukuda Dept. Architecture, Faculty Environmental Engineer The University of Kitakyu
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Large numbers of inhabitants in a dense area require land coverage for sheltering purposes. The anthropogenic heat emission potentially reduces ventilation of urban areas and significantly brings changes in air temperature. This study is aimed at finding the correlations between urban form and the alteration of urban microclimate in different land-uses. This study has been carried out in Bandung, Indonesia, in its educational, high dense settlement and industrial areas, covering around 37 ha each. The measurement of air Temperature (Ta), globe Temperature (Tg) and wind speed (Va) describes mean radiant Temperature (Tmrt), which gives direct impact on the quality of outdoor spaces in urbanized areas. 3D modeling based on a Sketch-up and introducing Chronolux, as a simple model has given a description of the Sky View Factor (SVF) in urban form. Urban form that is presented by building coverage is giving significant impact to Tmrt as shown in high-dense settlement with R = 0.82. Tmrt and SVF at all study areas show positive correlations, eventhough not in significant values where at educational area R = 0.029; meanwhile at high- dense settlement R = 0.2 and finally at industrial area R = 0.28.
Transcript of Bandung Urban Heat Intensity
SUW Internship PresentationPeriod : Bandung – Indonesia, 21 July–15 August,2013
Urban Built Environment, its Sky View Factor and Outdoor Microclimate
Beta Paramita 2011DBB402- Fukuda Lab
Dept. Architecture, Faculty Environmental EngineeringThe University of Kitakyushu
Background
Objective and Case Study
Method
Discussion
Content
Background Population density land coverage surface roughness
thus influence to reduce ventilation of urban areas and significantly give the change of air temperature.
Recent studies about urban geometry outdoor thermal context are refer to heat island, air quality, mean radiant thermal that correspondent with level outdoor thermal comfort perceptions
these show that urban geometry plays important role inventing urban microclimate.
Objective
This study is intent on finding the correlation between urban form and the alteration of urban microclimate in different land-use.
Bandung then selected as case study, its density brings as a second densest city after Jakarta in Indonesia.
Case Study
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
Population in 2011BOJONEGARACIBEUNYINGTEGAL LEGAKAREESARCAMANIKKORDONUJUNG BERUNGDERWATI
- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000
Density /km2BOJONEGARA
CIBEUNYING
TEGAL LEGA
KAREES
ARCAMANIK
KORDON
UJUNG BERUNG
DERWATI0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
Total Slum Area in Bandung (%)
BOJONEGARACIBEUNYINGTEGAL LEGAKAREESARCAMANIKKORDONUJUNG BERUNGDERWATI
Settlement56%
Service10%
Tegal4%
Industry20%
Field2%
Passive Land3%
Garden1% Pool
0%Other Usage
4%
Bandung Land-use, 2011
Bandung is located at 6.54ºS and 107.36ºE, 706.29 meters asl, average temperature 24.72ºC throughout the year made Bandung is cooler than most Indonesian cities
Three area study are:1. Educational area
UPI2. High-dense
settlement area Tamansari
3. Industrial Area Cigondewah
1
2
3
Mean radiant temperature is measurable by knowing globe temperature, air temperature and wind speed, this equation is expressed as follow:
Tg = the globe temperature (ºC)Va = the air velocity (m/s)Ta = the air temperature (ºC)D = globe diameterɛ = the globe emissivity
Method3D modelling built with sketch-up to visualize urban form then calculate sky view factor by Chronolux. The correlation between mean radiant temperature and sky view factor in hot humid climate area as shown at diagram below.
Finding and DiscussionPerumahan Dosen UPI
Perumahan Dosen
Asrama UPI
Asrama UPITransmisi
Lapangan Sepak Bola UPI
U P I
Jalan Dewi Asri
Asrama U P I
Jalan
Gurum
inda
Jalan S
ri Badu
ga
Garasi
Fakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Jalan S
ri Badu
ga
Jalan Jayeng Rana
Pos
Perumahan Dosen
Ruang Kuliah
BNI BNI Koperasi
Perumahan Dosen
Jalan
Dr. Se
tia Budh i
Perumahan Dosen
Bumi Siliwangi
U P I
Jal an Na g as ar i
Al Furqon
Jalan Mand
a Kiki
Jalan Buntiris
Biro Administrasi Umum Dan Keuangan UPI
Jalan Senjaya Guru
KpTK Work Shop
TK,SD,SMP,SMA
SDN
Perumahan Dosen UPI
Fakultas Pendidikan Teknologi KejuruanUNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA
Sekolah Laboratorium
Lapangan Tenis
Lapangan Tenis
Lapangan Sepak Bola
Lapangan Sepak Bola
Lapangan Sepak Bola
Lapangan Olahraga
Mahasiswa
Isola I Bandung
Lapangan Tenis
Kampus Bumi Siliwangi
Kecamatan SukasariKelurahan Isola
SDN
SDN Isola 1 & 2
SDN I
KORAMIL 0618-07
UPI
Kantor Kelurahan Isola
Pertokoan
Terminal Jurusan KpAD
UPI
Kecamatan SukasariKelurahan Isola
2
3
6
1196.1232
4715.1538
1359.0087
1865.1828
1640.5484176.8277
495.6866337.9958
527.3335
1. UPI – Educational Area
6:00
7:00
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0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
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16:0
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17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
Mean Radian temperature (Tmrt) in Sunny day per hour (°C)
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.0
Measurement at UPI Sunny day
Series1 Series2 Series3Series4 Series5 Series6
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
Mean Radian temperature (Tmrt) in Cloudy day per hour (°C)
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.0
Measurement at UPIRainy day
Series1 Series2 Series3Series4 Series5 Series6
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
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0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
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Mean Radian temperature (Tmrt) in Rainy day per hour (°C)
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.0
Measurement at UPICloudy day
Series1 Series2 Series3Series4 Series5 Series6
UPI with 61ha has the largest land area among universities in Bandung, For this research, the land area is bordered in 37ha. UPI is located in northern of Bandung that having higher elevation, that is 920.587m. This geographical location gives advantage because of its location mean thermal temperature is lower than other areas
Finding and Discussion1. UPI – Educational Area
Point Tmrt max (°C) SVF (%) BC (%) FAR H/W
1 58.31 0.6 0.75 1.5 1.82 62.07 0.67 0.7 1.4 0.963 57.16 0.41 0.7 1.4 1.384 52.39 0.79 0.66 0.99 15 61.39 0.75 0.55 0.55 2.66 57.28 0.32 0.57 1.425 1.5
Tmrt SVF BC FAR H/W
Tmrt 1
SVF 0.029017 1
BC -0.10701 0.048273 1
FAR -0.07025 -0.64115 0.64466 1
H/W 0.424889 0.100293 -0.49544 -0.58142 1
Finding and Discussion2. Tamansari – Highdense Settlement Area Tamansari is one of subdivision/kelurahan from West Bandung sub-district/kecamatan, with the highest slum neighbourhood . The study area is covering 35.7 ha and located on an elevation of 729.153m. As a downtown area with mix-used land-use and high density, although located at a fairly high elevation, the field measurement data shows that temperature in this area is highest among other study areas.
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
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0
19:0
0Mean Radian temperature (Tmrt) in Sunny day per
hour
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.00
Tmrt at TamansariSunny day
Series1 Series2 Series3Series4 Series5 Series6
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
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0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
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Mean Radian temperature (Tmrt) in Cloudy day per hour
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.0
Tmrt at TamansariCloudy day
Series1 Series2 Series3Series4 Series5 Series6
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
Mean Radian temperature (Tmrt) in Rainy day per hour (°C)
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.0
Tmrt at Tamansari Rainy Day
Series1 Series2 Series3Series4 Series5 Series6
Finding and Discussion2. Tamansari – Highdense Settlement Area
Tmrt SVF BC FAR H/W
Tmrt 1
SVF 0.211793 1
BC 0.8247 0.323459 1
FAR 0.172441 -0.35374 0.270019 1
H/W -0.16169 0.321941 -0.55184 -0.42234 1
PointTmrt max
(°C)SVF (%) BC (%) FAR H/W
1 53.00 0.3 0.42 0.84 1.58
2 57.29 0.37 0.64 1.93 1.34
3 60.30 0.68 0.71 0.71 1.56
4 59.15 0.38 0.49 1.24 1.88
5 54.48 0.3 0.39 0.98 1.59
6 52.66 0.67 0.38 0.97 1.89
Lapangan
Material
PT.Mandala
MasjidAtta-Zhimiyah
Madrasah
Atta-Zhimiyah
SD Zhimiyah
TK Zhimiyah
Tsanawiyah
PT.Anugerah Pharpindo Lestari
SDN Caringin I,IISD Atta-Zhimiyah
SDN PelitaSDN Holis
Jalan
Holi
s
Jalan Caringin
Jala
n C
igon
dew
ah
Jalan Terusan Holis
Jala
n C
igon
dewa
h
SMPN 39 Bandung
AttarbiyahMesjid
MTSN I Bandung
AttarbiyahMesjid
Jalan
Ter
usan
Holi
s
Jalan Terusan Holis
Gg. H. Ali
Darul KalamMesjid
Gg. Aki Talkah
Gg. Masjid
Gg. At-taqwa
IstiqomahMesjid
Jalan Cigondewah Rahayu
Jala
n C
igon
dew
ah
Al - MaidaMesjid
Al - MaidaMadrasah
An - NasruMesjid
MusholaNurul Hidayah
Perumahan KOPTI Cibolerang
Jalan Cibolerang
Jala
n T
erus
an H
olis
Kp. Lebaksari
Gg. Lebaksari
2
3
1741.9976
582.6444
1381.4333
230.4439
389.519236.5441
58.69
163.5184
751.4163
100.98
1139.4673
271.499
107.9223122.9172383.0651738.7629144.197
774.305
695.3172
36.4877
162.4563
315.2295
487.2001
110.947
208.8811
411.9445
64.1324
393.4992
216.5948
112.4861
412.1868
684.492
288.15833726.9944
219.1692
1293.2502
1928 .468
891.1526
45.6446
1870.8515
915.5974
43.0471
Finding and Discussion3. Cigondewah – Industrial Area
Lapangan
Material
PT.Mandala
MasjidAtta-Zhimiyah
Madrasah
Atta-Zhimiyah
SD Zhimiyah
TK Zhimiyah
Tsanawiyah
PT.Anugerah Pharpindo Lestari
SDN Caringin I,IISD Atta-Zhimiyah
SDN PelitaSDN Holis
SMPN 39 Bandung
AttarbiyahMesjid
MTSN I Bandung
AttarbiyahMesjid
Darul KalamMesjid
IstiqomahMesjid
Al - MaidaMesjid
Al - MaidaMadrasah
An - NasruMesjid
MusholaNurul Hidayah
Perumahan KOPTI Cibolerang
Jalan Teru
san Holis
Kp. Lebaksari
2
31741.9976
582.6444
1381.4333
23 0.4439
38 9.519236 .5 441
58 .69
16 3.5184
75 1.4163
10 0.98
11 39.4673
27 1.499
10 7.922312 2.917238 3.065173 8.7629
14 4.197
77 4.305
69 5.3172
36 .4 877
162.4563
315.2295
487.2001
110.947
208.8811
411.9445
64.1324
393.4992
216.5948
112.4861
412.1868
684.492
288.15833726.9944
219.1692
1293.2502
1928.468891.1526
45.6446
1870.8515
915.5974
43.0471
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
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0
Mean Radian temperature (Tmrt) in Sunny day per hour
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.00
Tmrt Cigondewah on Sunny Day
Series1 Series2 Series3Series4 Series5 Series6
Southern part of Bandung is recognized as industrial area. The study area is covering 36.7ha and located on an elevation of 684.15m. Compare with other study area, Cigondewah has lowest elevation, which suppose to provide higher temperature than other northern part of Bandung, but from field measurement, this area generally higher than UPI but lower than Tamansari
6:00
7:00
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Mean Radian temperature (Tmrt) in Cloudy day per hour
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
Tmrt Cigondewah on Cloudy Day
Series1 Series2 Series3Series4 Series5 Series6
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
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0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
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17:0
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18:0
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0
Mean Radian temperature (Tmrt) in Rainy day per hour
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.00
Tmrt Cigondewah on Rainy Day
Series1 Series2 Series3Series4 Series5 Series6
3. Cigondewah – Industrial Area
Finding and Discussion
Point Tmrt max (°C) SVF (%) BC (%) FAR H/W
1 52.38 0.383 0.27 1.35 0.58
2 51.18 0.35 0.33 1.65 0.52
3 49.71 0.66 0.36 2.18 0.79
4 55.77 0.7 0.29 1.47 0.43
5 53.48 0.66 0.35 1.42 1.11
6 51.89 0.73 0.37 1.85 0.69
Tmrt SVF BC FAR H/W
Tmrt 1
SVF 0.278067 1
BC -0.51021 0.503565 1
FAR -0.72715 0.345413 0.703219 1
H/W -0.19119 0.348546 0.580967 0.094808 1
Conclusion Tmrt SVF BC FAR H/W
Tmrt 1
SVF 0.029017 1
BC -0.10701 0.048273 1
FAR -0.07025 -0.64115 0.64466 1
H/W 0.424889 0.100293 -0.49544 -0.58142 1
Tmrt SVF BC FAR H/W
Tmrt 1
SVF 0.211793 1
BC 0.8247 0.323459 1
FAR 0.172441 -0.35374 0.270019 1
H/W -0.16169 0.321941 -0.55184 -0.42234 1
Tmrt SVF BC FAR H/W
Tmrt 1SVF 0.278067 1BC -0.51021 0.503565 1
FAR -0.72715 0.345413 0.703219 1H/W -0.19119 0.348546 0.580967 0.094808 1
1. The correlation between Tmrt and SVF are positively shown at high-dense settlement area, industrial area and has lower correlation at educational area.2. A very strong correlation between Tmrt and BC shown at high-dense settlement. It means that the hypothesis urban geometry giving significant impact to outdoor thermal is proven. 4. Further studies about influence of micro-variations of the immediate environments need to carry since temperature values can be affected by advective effects from the wider environment.
