BANDAGES Corrected
-
Upload
aswinipranav -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of BANDAGES Corrected
BANDAGES
ByL.NAGARAJAN
INTRODUCTION
A bandage is a piece of material used either to support a medical device such as a dressing or splint, or on its own to provide support to the body.
The word "bandage" is often used to mean a dressing, which is used directly on a wound, whereas a bandage is technically only used to support a dressing, and not directly on a wound.
Bandages are available in a wide range of types, from generic cloth strips, to specialized shaped bandages designed for a specific limb or part of the body.
Bandages can often be improvised as the situation demands, using clothing, blankets or other material.
TYPES OF BANDAGES
Gauze bandages Compression bandages Triangular bandages Tube bandages Collagen bandages Alginate Bandages
Bandages are also classified into the following types Long-stretch or
elastic systems
Short-stretch or low-elasticity systems
Multicomponent multilayer bandage systems (MLBs)
Specifications
Rolled Bandages: Material:100% Cotton
Dimensions: 19 X 15, 25 X 18, 30 X 20Yarn: 40's x 40'sSize: 1", 2", 3", 4", 6" X 4,5,6,10 YARDS
Elastic Adhesive Bandage: Sizes 6.0 cm X 4 mtr. (St. Length) 8.0 cm X 4 mtr. (St. Length) 10.0 cm X 4 mtr. (St. Length) 15.0 cm X 4 mtr. (St. Length)
PROPERTIES
General:A bandage is a material that supports the body and allows it to heal itself.
Elasticity :The elasticity of a bandage is the capacity of the stretched textile to return to its initial shape once the deformation force has been removed (its capacity to resist the stretching force).
Extensibility : The extensibility is the
capacity of a material to be deformed when it is subjected to a constant traction force.
Loss of linear recovery assessed on the basis of a hysteresis graph.
Interface pressures: The interface pressure is the pressure
measured in vivo between the compression system applied to a limb and the skin.
Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing process has different stages, through which material passes and changed into bandages.
Cotton Wool Processing Lines
The processing of cotton wool starts from cotton wastes and low grade cottons.
Then its cleaned, bleached and dried, after carded and transformed in finished products.
Finished products of a cotton wool processing line, destined to the sanitary and cosmetic use.
Gauze Bandage Manufacturing
MEDICAL is a special crochet machine for the production of cotton gauzes and elastic bandages in the requested width, with already-made selvedges.
It produce cotton gauzes starting from bleached cotton yarns.
The big versatility of this machine allows to produce a large variety of rigid and elastic bandages, by using yarns of different nature: cotton, wool, polyester, nylon, lycra, rubber threads.
Specifications
The total width of the machine is 80 cm
Gauzes and bandages are produced in the requested width from min. 5 cm up to 30
cm. The output of gauzes and
bandages are rolled on big bobbins around 30 cm of diameter.
Adhesive bandage manufacturing
ROTOPLASTER AC is used for the production and single-wrapping of adhesive first aid bandages
It can produce various sizes and shapes with island or continuous pad, round or square edges and hot perforation
Precision, simplicity and versatility are the characteristics of ROTOPLASTER AC machines
Specifications
It has a production capacity up to 2000 pieces/min (based on size19x72 mm).
The production speed can vary according to the quality of raw materials.
The machine are completely controlled by electronics.
No manual regulation is requested on this machine, which is self-regulating.
The machines are fed from raw materials in reels ext. diameter 500 mm for adhesive substrates and 400 mm for all other materials.
ROTOPLASTER AC can produce all usual formats and sizes of adhesive first aid bandages
Elastic bandage An elastic bandage having a resilient elastic
layer and a relatively non-resilient layer to limit the stretching of the elastic layer so the bandage is not applied too tightly.
An elastic bandage for use on human limbs which consists of a length of tubular elastic material which can be easily slipped over the user's hand or foot.
It often called an "ace wrap," the elastic bandage is a roll of loose-weave cloth containing elastic strands. Wrapped around the extremity or trunk, it squeezes the underlying tissues.
Uses
compression of injuries such as a sprain or bruise
elastic immobilization or support of injured parts
securing the dressing on a large open wound
control of bleeding in wounds or fractures
symptom control in rib fracture
.
Non Elastic bandage
An elastic bandage is disclosed having a nonelastic absorbent nonwoven web, a non-elastic breathable nonwoven web, and a melt spun elastomeric material disposed between the two webs
Non-elastic compression has been used to treat venous insufficiency of the lower extremities
It is more effective at reducing deep venous refluxes than elastic bandages in patients with venous ulcers.
Supporting bandage A support bandage is a form of bandage
that assists the healing of injured muscles and bones, helps slow the bleeding of a wound, or provides support to prevent injuries from occurring.
A bandage for forming a stiffening or supporting cast comprising a carrier material and a composition thereon.
The supportive bandages can help prevent damage and injury to the area in which it is applied.
Types of support bandages
compression bandage Elastic bandage Pressure bandage
The type that should be used varies based on the situation and on the intended purpose of the dressing.
Compression bandages A self-sticking compressive
bandage effective for cooling and compressing an injured body part of a human being or an animal.
The bandage comprises a flexible, open-cell, synthetic resin foam impregnated with a hydrous gel.
The bandage is effective to cool the skin by evaporative cooling and by refrigeration caused by contact of the gel with the skin.
Types of compression bandages
Short stretch compression bandages: This type of bandage that is capable of shortening around the limb after application and is therefore not exerting ever-increasing pressure during inactivity
Long stretch compression bandages: have long stretch properties, meaning their high compressive power can be easily adjusted.
Retention Bandages
Retention bandages are used to hold a dressings or devices in place.
These bandages should have a high degree of conformability, excellent stretch characteristics and therefore offer little support value.
The yarns are light weight and the weave is open to ensure the bandage is comfortable and allows free air circulation.
Fluid-retentive bandage
A bandage which retains bodily fluids at least until such fluids reach the top of the dressing that may be placed in the bandage and which permits removal or replacement of the dressing without detaching the bandage from the patient.
Bandaging Textiles
The fibers and fabrics used for bandages applications are dependent upon their intended functions.
Warp-knitted spacer fabrics Elasticated woven fabrics Tubular knitted hose with
elastane fiber Nonwovens
Yarns used in bandages
Elastomeric yarns and Composite warp yarns.
The composite yarns(1)comprise a staple fibre yarn (2)and a textured filament yarn (3)which are twisted together; the staple fibre
yarn forms loops (4)which gives the bandage a crepe effect.
Evaluation of bandages
The test methods vary for their types of bandages
Types of testing are as follows, Physical Testing Biological Testing
Physical Testing BS EN 13726: 1 - Free
Swell Absorptive Capacity BS EN 13726: 1 - Fluid
Handling Capacity BS EN 13726: 1 - Fluid
Affinity of Amorphous Hydro gel
Dressings and Physical Characteristics
BS EN 13726: 3 - Waterproof ness
Conformability Extensibility British Pharmacopoeia
1993 - Foam Dressings British Pharmacopoeia
1993 - Film Dressings
British Pharmacopoeia 1993: Addendum 1995 - Alginate
Dressings British Pharmacopoeia 1993:
Addendum 1996 - Semi permeable
Hydrocolloids Wicking absorbency Absorbency/Fluid retention BS 7505 - Specification for
the elastic properties of flat, non-adhesive,
extensible fabric bandages WRAP dynamic absorbency
testing
Biological Testing
Bacterial barrier testing BP 2002 - Sterility testing In vitro tissue compatibility testing ASTM E 2149-01 - Antimicrobial activity of
immobilized antimicrobial agents under dynamic conditions Antimicrobial activity - zone of inhibition (ZOI) Bacteriophage testing of barrier dressings
Test Method For Adhesive Bandage
Adhesive bandages are suitable for venous disorders to a mild lymphoedematous adjunct.
Test Methods:
A. Primary Adhesive Strength Testing for Adhesive bandages
B. Lasting Adhesive Strength
Testing for Plasters C. The Peeling Strength Testing
for Adhesive bandages
Primary Adhesive Strength Testing for Adhesive bandages:
Lab think CZY-G Primary Adhesive Tester is taken as example
Here glue strength test is established Lasting Adhesive Strength Testing for Plasters: Lab think CZY-6S Lasting Adhesive Tester as well
as YGJ-02 Adhesive Tape Rolling Tester is taken as examples.
Slip time as well as a descending time is recorded
Peeling Strength Testing for Adhesive bandages:
Lab think BLD-200S Peeling Strength Tester or XLW Auto Tensile Tester is taken as example
According to a pharmacopoeia, 180 grade bark strength contrast is adopted.
End Uses of bandages Fingertip Bandage:
protecting a shallow laceration of the fingertip or thumb tip covering a small chin or nose abrasion
Knuckle Bandage:
protecting a shallow laceration on a knuckle covering an abrasion on a "curve"
Roll Gauze Roller gauze is used to secure dressings
Triangular Bandage: used as a tie for a splint on the arm or leg. Non-adherent Pad: Non-adherent pads are useful to cover open
wounds such as burns and abrasions. Padding Roll Gauze: It absorbs ooze or blood, and prevents dryness in
an open wound. Bandages for Lymphoedema
Pressure garments
Pressure garments prevent and control the formation of hypertrophic scars by applying counter pressure to the wounded area.
Pressure garments aid in reducing the effects hypertrophic scarring there by reducing scarring
and deformities. Pressure garments play a vital role in the proper
healing of wounds and reduce the effects of scaring.
The continuous wearing of pressure garments prevents the thickening, buckling, and nodular formations seen in hypertrophic scars.
The external pressure applied by the garments decreases inflammatory response and the amount of blood in the scar, reducing itching and prevents collagen from synthesizing.
Additionally pressure garments provide protection against injury.