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Due Diligence Report – Social Safeguards Document stage: Final Project number: 39295-013 April 2017

BAN: Third Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (Sector) Project – Solid Waste Management and Sanitation Improvement Sub-Project - Meherpur Pourashava Package Number: UGIIP III-2/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2017 Prepared by the Local Government Engineering Department, Government of Bangladesh, for the Asian Development Bank. This due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

ATTACHMENT 1: DDR ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR

Solid Waste Management and Sanitation Improvement Sub-Project

Package Nr: UGIIP III-2/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2017.

MEHERPUR POURASHAVA

APRIL, 2017

Prepared by: MDS Consultant

Revised Due Diligence Report – Social Safeguards

Document Stage: Final Project Number: 39295-013 April 2017

BAN: Third Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (Sector) Project; Solid Waste Management-Sanitation Improvement Sub-Project-

Meherpur Pourashava Package Number: UGIIP III-II/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2017 Prepared by the Local Government Engineering Department, Government of Bangladesh for the Asian Development Bank

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

Currency Unit = Tk.

Tk.1.00 = $0.0127

$1.00 = Tk.78.40 (August 01,016)

This due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank

AP – Affected Person

ARIPO – Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Properties Ordinance

BPL – Below Poverty Level

CCL – Cash Compensation under Law

DC – Deputy Commissioner

DDR Due Diligence Report

DPHE – Department of Public Health Engineering

EMP – Environmental Management Plan

FGD – Focus Group Discussion

GICD – Governance Construction/improvement and Capacity

Development

GRC – Grievance Redressal Cell

GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism

IR – Involuntary Resettlement

LGED – Local Government Engineering Department

PDB – Power Development Board

PIU – Project Implementation Unit

PMO – Project Management Office

PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance

ROW – Right of Way

RF – Resettlement Framework

RP – Resettlement Plan

SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement

ToR – Terms of Reference

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GLOSSARY OF BANGLADESHI TERMS

Crore – 10 million (= 100 lakh)

Ghat – Boat landing area along a river Hat, hut, or haat – Market (bazaar) operating certain after

noon during the week when sellers establish temporary shops. There are also some permanent shops in a Hat. Markets usually represent a significant source of income for municipalities

Hartal – General strike Khal – drainage ditch/canal Khas or khash – land/property belonging to government Kutcha, katchha or kacca

– Structures built without bricks and mortar or without concrete.

Lakh or lac – 100,000 Moholla or mohalla

– Sub-division of a ward

Mouza map – Cadastral map of mouza showing plots and their numbers

Nasiman – A 3-wheeler motorized vehicle Parshad – Council Pourashava or Paurashava – Government-recognized land area Pucca or Puccha, puccha – Structures built partly with bricks and

mortar or concrete Thana – Police station Upazila – Administrative unit below the district level A

district

is called a Zila. Beel - A large surface water body that

accumulates surface runoff water through internal drainage channels.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

km – Kilometer

m – Meter

m2 – square meter

mm – Millimeter

m3 – cubic meter

NOTES

(i) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars,

(ii) BDT refers to Bangladeshi Taka

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Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1

A. Background ......................................................................................................................................................... 1

B. Indigenous People Safeguard.............................................................................................................................. 2

C. Institutional Set-up .............................................................................................................................................. 2

II. SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................... 2

B. Existing Solid Waste Management Activities ..................................................................................................... 3

C. Proposed Components under UGIIP-III ............................................................................................................... 5

D. Social Safeguard Issues....................................................................................................................................... 7

III. DUE DILIGENCE .............................................................................................................................. 19

A. Objectives of the Study/ Investigation .............................................................................................................. 19

B. Methodology used for Assessing Land Acquisition and Resettlement .............................................................. 19

V. FINDINGS ......................................................................................................................................... 23

VI. FUTURE CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE ........................................................................... 26

VII. MITIGATION OF SOCIAL CONCERNS ........................................................................................... 28

VIII. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................ 29

IX. APPENDIX 1: RECORDS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ON SWM SUB-PROJECT IN

MEHERPUR POURASHAVA .................................................................................................................... 31

X. APPENDIX 2: INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT IMPACT CHECKLIST ....................................... 37

XI. APPENDIX 3: INDIGENOUS PEOPLE/SMALL ETHNIC COMMUNITIES (SEC) IMPACTS .......... 41

A. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 41

B. Screening Questions for Indigenous People/SEC Impact .................................................................................. 41

C. Indigenous People/SEC Impact ......................................................................................................................... 42

XII. APPENDIX 4: SAMPLE GRIEVANCE REGISTRATION FORM ...................................................... 42

XIII. APPENDIX 5: VERIFICATION OF POURASHAVA OWNERSHIP OF LAND ................................. 45

List of Tables:

Table- 1: Components of Solid Waste Management Sector Sub-project of Meherpur Pourashava Including Possible Social Impact and Ownership of Land, Package Nr UGIIP III-2/MEHER/SWM+SN/01/2017. ....................................................................................... 9

Table- 2: Implementation schedule for Meherpur Solid Waste Management Sub-project ....... 18 Table- 3: Social Safeguard Implementation Cost Related to SWM Sector Sub-project,

Meherpur Pourashava. .................................................................................................... 24

List of Figures:

Figure- 1: Location of Proposed Landfill site in Meherpur Pourashava ..................................... 5 Figure- 2: Map showing Locations of UGIIP-III Pourashavas .................................................. 11 Figure- 3: Location of Landfill Site at Meherpur Pourashava on Google Map .......................... 12 Figure- 4: Layout Plan of Meherpur Landfill site as per Design ......................................... 13 Figure- 5: Section of Meherpur Landfill Site ............................................................................ 15 Figure- 6: Layout Plan and Section of Fecal Sludge Treatment Plan ...................................... 16

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Figure- 7: Plan and Section of Medical Waste Treatment Facility .............Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure- 8: Project Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................. 28

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

1. In the past, unplanned urbanization led to negative externalities and suboptimal economic and development outcomes in Bangladesh. Inadequate infrastructure, poor urban service delivery, and environmental degradation are becoming increasingly evident as a result of ineffective urban planning, low urban infrastructure investments, and uncontrolled urban growth. Municipality is supposed to serve for ensuring public affair and public health. By the law1 , City Corporation and municipality are given the authority to ensure the roads, drains, street light, solid waste management, overall safety and healthy environment for its dwellers. But, most of the Municipalities do not have enough fund and capacity to render necessary services for city dwellers. Considering this, the sub-project of solid waste management has been selected following several methods and participatory processes to select the sub-project in Meherpur Pourashava.

2. The Government of Bangladesh is developing Secondary towns to improve living standards, particularly in the poorer areas, and to provide an alternative destination for rural dwellers that would otherwise join the migration to larger metropolitan centres, through Third Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (Sector) project (UGIIP-III). UGIIP-III is being implemented as a sector loan approach. After the successful implementation of UGIIP I and II projects in the selected Pourashavas, the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) with the financial assistance of Asian Development Bank (ADB) and OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) have planned to implement a similar project (UGIIP-III) over a period of 6 years (2014 to 2020). Two sets of municipalities are included in the project. The first set is 31 pre-selected target Pourashavas are marked as Window-A, in which full set of support, including component of Solid Waste Management is provided under the project. On the other hand, 20 Pourashavas termed as Window-B have been selected and approved for improving only roads and drains.

3. The impact of the project will be improved living environment in project towns. The outcome will be improved municipal service delivery and urban governance in project towns. UGIIP-III will improve existing and provide new municipal infrastructures including (i) roads (ii) drainage (iii) solid waste management facilities (iv) water supply (v) sanitation (vi) municipal facilities (vii) basic services for the poor slums.

4. In accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 requirements a Resettlement Framework (RF) was prepared. During project preparation, resettlement plans (RPs) were also prepared for 3 sample Pourashavas covering roads, drainage, kitchen market and solid waste management sub-projects. The RPs concluded that the project will have only temporary impacts and therefore, UGIIP-III has been categorized as resettlement Category B as per ADB SPS 2009. As a basic development principle, significant resettlement impacts (Category A type project) should be avoided to the extent possible in future sub-projects. For any components, the social and resettlement assessments documents will be formulated and approved by ADB before any physical activities start. LGED will ensure that no physical displacement or economic displacement will occur until (i) compensation at full replacement cost has been paid to each displaced person, and (ii) other entitlements listed in the RPs have been provided.

5. During the field investigation, the social safeguard consultants have visited for assessment activities that include requirement of land acquisition for development of waste disposal ground, stock-taking of current waste collection and transportation fleet, social safeguard check-ups

1 Local government (city corporation) act 2009

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pertaining to people’s agreement to establishment of dumping ground, identification of current practice, present service domain, sharing opinion and sensitization of the urban dwellers.

6. This Due Diligence Report (DDR) is prepared based on the feasibility study and detailed engineering designs for the solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project of Meherpur Pourashava in Phase-2 under UGIIP-III. The Package Nr of the sub-project is: UGIIP III-2/MEHER/SWM+SN/01/2017. After selection and completion of the design of the proposed sub-project, the social safeguard team of the Management, Design and Supervision Consultants (MDSC) conducted resettlement and social impact assessments through investigation of different social safeguard issues including land acquisition and resettlement requirements as per ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). The report also discusses the potential social impacts and mitigation measures relating to the livelihood impact, location, design, construction and operation of physical works proposed in the sub-project.

B. Indigenous People Safeguard

7. Indigenous People Planning Framework (IPPF) is required to provide guidance and appropriate mitigation measures to the ethnic minority (advise). Out of 31 Window-A Pourashavas taken up under UGIIP-III, there is possibility of affecting indigenous people only in Bandarban, Rangamati, Khagrachhari, Moulavibazar, Sherpur, Panchagarh, Muktagachha, Netrokona, Chapai Nawabganj, Singra, Belkuchi, Taherpur, Bonpara and Kakonhat Pourashava etc. The project activities are located only within the urban areas and no ethnic communities/indigenous people’s communities will be affected by the project activities. So preparation of Indigenous People Plan (IPP) document following IPPF will not be required.

C. Institutional Set-up

8. The Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) and the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), both under the Local Government Division (LGD) of the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (MLGRD&C) and having experience in managing urban sector projects financed by ADB, are the executing agencies of the project. The participating Pourashavas are the implementing agencies (IAs) with a project implementation unit (PIU)) within the Pourashava structure. Implementation activities will be overseen by a Project Management Unit (PMU). Management, Design and Supervision Consultants (MDSC) and Governance Improvement and Capacity Development Consultants (GICDC) teams will provide support for (i) detailed engineering design, contract documents preparation and safeguards facilitation; (ii) project management and administrative support; (iii) assistance in supervising construction; (iv) awareness raising on behavioural change activities. Safeguards officers will be appointed in PMO and PIUs and will be responsible to undertake day to day safeguard tasks and requirements including implementation of project’s grievance redress mechanism.

II. SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION

9. Location. Meherpur is a district in the west region of Bangladesh. It is bounded by Kushtia district on the east & north, West Bengal of India on the west & north, Chuadanga district on the south & east. Meherpur Sadar; is an Upazila of Meherpur District. Meherpur is the smallest district of Bangladesh under Khulna Division. Meherpur is a historical district of Bangladesh for the fact that the proclamation of independence was solemnly made at the village Baidyanathola (At present Mujibnagar) on April 17, 1971 of this district. The first provisional government of Bangladesh was formed here under the leadership of late Tajuddin Ahmed. Meherpur Pourashava established on April 15, 1869. At present it is an “A” grade Pourashava with 17.60 sq. km. area. The Pourashava constituted with 9 wards. Total population of Pourashava is

70000, out of this, 33460 persons are male and remaining (36540) is female. The town has

various shops, markets, hospitals and business centres with a substantial residential structure. The river Bhairab passes through the Pourashava and it is free from flood. The Pourashava is

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upazila

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well connected with other parts of the country with roads. The rate of increase of population is 3.99% (BBS 2014) which is much higher than the national rate of increase of 1.39%. Density of population is 3977 persons per sq. km and the number of household is 10100.

B. Existing Solid Waste Management Activities

10. Intensive field visits have been taken place by the respective experts of MDS consultants in Meherpur Pourashava in order to conducting consultation meetings, visiting of the schemes and collecting information. The sub-project aims to improve the existing system of collecting, transporting, segregating and disposing solid wastes with the objective of bringing about a clean urban environment and public health.

11. At present, Meherpur Pourashava is collecting waste through traditional methods. The solid waste management system in the Pourashava is not satisfactory and environment friendly. The Pourashava is unable to manage the growing unmanaged solid waste due to absence of planning, insufficient infrastructure, constraint of resources, unskilled labours, lack of training, unavailable of proper equipments and lack of proper disposal ground. In spite of that, rapid urbanization, demographic growth and economic development create an extra load on Pourashava to address this issue. In the current system, inhabitants dispose their solid waste in vacant place/ditches around their houses, crude dumping on roadside, community bin and partially through door to door collection service. The Pourashava is using private land, small ditches2, Pourshava’s vacant land and other suitable places as a dumping ground. Among others places, dumping site located at Gorastan para Go-hata (near cattle market) far 2 km from Pourashava office and situated in ward No-8 is using main dumping ground. This dumping place is owned by Pourashava. The Pourashava collects waste from these designated points. Beside, wastes are also collected from markets, hospitals and different institutions by the Pourashava. Informal sector is prominent in recyclable collection and recycling. A small number of Rag-pickers collect recyclable materials from roadside bins or from the households and sell it to buyers.

12. At present, there are 8 fixed dustbins located in different parts of the Pourashava along with 40 to 50 temporary secondary disposal points. The Pourashava has 2 open trucks of 3 tons capacity for waste collection and 1 vacuum truck for faecal sludge disposal and 10 rickshaw vans are available in the Pourashava. The waste collection rate is 75% approximately 17.500 metric tons waste generated per day. The door to door collections system is being operated by Pourashava itself in the ward 2 & 7. The following photos show the present dumping ground (owned by Pourashava) and waste lading truck.

2 Requested by private land owners which makes the ditches for usable condition in terms of building housing,

business and agriculture purposes .

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Existing dumping site Pourashava waste lading truck

13. Meherpur had already constructed and commissioned 4 TPD capacity compost plant in the Pourashava that was stopped in various reasons. The project was implemented by the “Support to Project Pourashava in Developing Their Waste Management” project funded by GoB-UNICEF.

Existing Compost Plant Existing Transfer Station

Existing Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant

14. The above photos show the existing compost plant that is not in operation. Along with Sanitary Landfill, Transfer Station, and Composting Plant there was a Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant constructed in Meherpur Pourashava under

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GoB-UNICEF project. Three pits were constructed by the Pourashava which did not have any treatment facility. People of the Pourashava mainly depend on latrines of either single pit or twin pits, with or without septic tank and soak wells.

Figure- 1: Location of Proposed Landfill site in Meherpur Pourashava

C. Proposed Components under UGIIP-III

15. The proposed SWM included 1(one) Sanitary Landfill, 1(one) Medical Waste Treatment Facility, 1 (one) Renovation of Compost Plant and 1(one) Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant of 5 m3 capacity (with a provision of future expansion). It is mentionable that another sub-project in order to strengthening solid waste transportation system will be taken place soon by PMU under UGIIP-III. The proposed landfill includes peripheral embankment, leachate management system through construction of stone drain and leachate sump, construction of storm drainage system to remove artificial ponding inside the landfill and construction of Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) to manage fecal sludge.

Proposed

Landfill Site

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16. The solid waste management intervention in Meherpur will satisfy the “National 3R Strategy for Waste Management”. The scope of the SWM sub-project is to develop a cost-effective and environmentally sound solid waste management system that is applicable for the secondary town. This system includes collecting, transport and disposal of solid waste as per pre-selected procedure. The solid waste management system consists of procurement of following:

Construction of sanitary landfill

Procurement of Tricycle rickshaw vans/pushcarts with tipping arrangement for HH waste collection

Procurement of uniforms & personal protective equipment (PPE) for use by the HH waste collectors, drivers and helpers (Procured by Pourashava)

Procurement of dump truck (3 ton/1.5 ton) for waste transportation

Construction of medical waste treatment facility

Supply colour-coded bins (three types) for source-segregation of different types of medical waste, two types for household waste and covered vans for waste collection and treatment (Procured by Pourashava)

17. Introduction of Door-to-Door Collection and Segregation of Waste: The community base daily basis door-to-door waste collection system will be introduced in the Meherpur Pourashava. The waste will be segregated at the source (household level) for its organic and inorganic constituents and will be collected separately so that the potential value of recyclable materials could be achieved. The door-to-door collection will also be implemented for slum and as well as commercial and institutional generators. The city dweller will have to pay a little amount as a service charge for the improved door-to-door solid waste collection. The Tricycle rickshaw van with two separate compartments will be procured to carry organic and inorganic waste from household and transfer to the temporary transfer station and/or landfill site for unloading to the dump truck. Litter bins will also be provided along main roads, bus stand, other public places to avoid littering.

18. Construction of Sanitary Landfill: An environmentally sound solid waste management system is a prerequisite for a model town concept. So a sanitary landfill is one of the essential components for a sound SWM system. The overall condition of solid waste management system in the Pourashava is unsatisfactory especially in the case of a medical waste management system. Improving the environmental situation by constructing waste disposal ground (sanitary landfill) found appropriate. The sanitary landfill site consists of peripheral embankment, peripheral storm drain, leachate collection system, storm drainage for removal internal ponding, landfill gas venting system, leachate treatment facilities, control room, worker & equipment room, dump truck cleaning facilities etc.

19. Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant. Pourashava has no central sewerage system. Generally, manual sweeper empties the pits/septic tanks manually and the extracted faecal sludge/septage is buried nearby the house to dig a hole and burying sludge. It also disposes in nearby river/canal/drain/low laying area or sometimes near the landfill area. To improve the overall sanitation situation of the town, implementation of faecal sludge treatment plant is an essential intervention. The Pourashava authority will launch a massive awareness campaign related to the health issues of present unhygienic disposal of faecal sludge. They will enforce regulation and disconnect the illegal connection of septic tank with drain. The overflow of septic tank can be minimized by applying building control rule for hygienic septic tank construction. A Vacutag (Vacuum Tanker) will be provided to the Pourashava for desludging septic tank. When inhabitants need to empty their septic tank may call Pourashava to desludging septic tank. The Pourashava appoint cleaners who evacuate septic tank charging an affordable tariff. The proposed sludge treatment plant consists of screen chamber, planted drying bed, Integrated settler with anaerobic filter and maturation pond.

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20. Capacity building and community awareness campaign. Training of waste workers (drivers, collectors, landfill operators, etc.) and Nagorik committees will be taken place shortly under the project. Awareness raising campaigns will also be done by Meherpur Pourashava with assistance of the consultant teams to promote the 3R. The association will need to have the capacity in operation and maintenance of the designed service. The workers involved in the waste collection, transfer and disposal also need the relevant training. A technical person needs to be appointed to operate the incinerator and he/she needs to be trained in the whole process of incinerating hazardous and infectious wastes (what, when and how).

D. Social Safeguard Issues

21. It was revealed that the solid waste management and sanitation sub-project proposed for Meherpur Pourashava will be implemented on the Pourashava’s own land and it is expecting that the construction of aforesaid SWM sub-project will cause neither physical nor economic displacement of any kind. There is no possibility of land acquisition and no structure will be affected, none need to be relocated, and consequently no involuntary resettlement (IR) impact are anticipating and thus the sub-project is classified as Category C for IR. Under the circumstances, this report may be treated as due diligence report (DDR) with respect to social safeguard issues for the concern sub-project.

22. Meherpur Pourashava has 2.99 acres of vacant land for construction of a sanitary landfill. At present, Pourashava is not using for waste dumping purpose on the proposed site. The proposed landfill site is approximately 2.5 km away from the Pourashava office and situated in ward No-9 to eastern side of regional highway. The landfill connecting road has a sufficient width for vehicle movement. The connectivity with the proposed landfill is quite good. There are no existing dwellings within 200 m from the periphery of the landfill. The topography of the terrain is quite flat, high and suitable for landfill construction. There is rain water stagnation during monsoon. The total design area is found 2.99 acres that is available and owned by the Pourashava

23. The proposed site is surrounded by paddy land and mango garden except west side. The connecting road is in west side and there is no natural habitat left at this site. The sub-project sites are located in existing Pourashava-owned land. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the sub-project location. There are no forest areas within or near Meherpur Pourashava. Sub-project component is located in Meherpur core area and also in the fringe area of Pourashava. The Pourashava has proposed additional 3.01 acres of land for acquisition for future extension of sanitary landfill. The following photographs show the proposed Landfill Site at Meherpur Pourashava.

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Entrance of Landfill (North) Entrance of Landfill (South) Entrance of Landfill (East) Entrance of Landfill (West) Trees (owned by PS) to be Cut Approach Road to the Landfill Site

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24. The following Table-1 shows the sub-project components including possible social impact and ownership of land under the Package Nr: UGIIP III-II/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2017. Figure-1 shows the locations of landfill site at Meherpur Pourashava. Figure-2 indicates General Map of Meherpur Pourashava showing schemes and ward boundaries. Figure-3 shows the locations of landfill site at Meherpur Pourashava on Google Map. Figure-4 shows section of landfill site. Figure-5 shows layout plan & section of faecal sludge treatment pit.

Proposed site with existing establishmen 1

Proposed site with existing establishment

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Table- 1: Components of Solid Waste Management Sector Sub-project of Meherpur Pourashava Including Possible Social Impact and Ownership of Land, Package Nr UGIIP III-2/MEHER/SWM+SN/01/2017.

Sl. Name of Scheme Area (sqm) Possible Social Impact/IR Impact) Presence of Indigenous People (IPS)

Type of loss /effect

Land Ownership

1 Construction of Sanitary landfill at Meherpur Pourashava.

11378 No IR impacts

No requirement for land acquisition

The required land for construction work is owned by Meherpur Pourashava

There is no possibility of any adverse impact in terms of losing income or livelihood

Temporary disturbance for pedestrians and movement of vehicles to be addressed in the Sub-project E.M.P.

Not found No loss reported /Not Found

Pourashava

2 Compost Plant Renovation

404.20 No IR impacts






Pourashava

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Sl. Name of Scheme Area (sqm) Possible Social Impact/IR Impact) Presence of Indigenous People (IPS)

Type of loss /effect

Land Ownership

3 Construction of Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant (PDP-299)

1096.34 No IR impacts






Pourashava

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Figure- 2: Locations of UGIIP-III Pourashavas in Bangladesh map

Meherpur

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Proposed Landfill site at Meherpur on Google Map

Figure- 3: Location of Landfill Site at Meherpur Pourashava on Google Map

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Figure- 4: Layout Plan of Meherpur Landfill Site

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Figure- 5: Section of Meherpur Landfill Site

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Figure- 6: Layout Plan and Section of Fecal Sludge Treatment Plan

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25. The Measures Taken in Selecting the Components. The sub-project went through the process of meeting the selection criteria (general and technical), environmental and social safeguard screening and conforming to the municipal infrastructure development plan (PDP). Locations and sitting of the proposed sector considered: (i) locate components on Pourashava-owned land to avoid acquisition of land. In future, project may be extended based on the decision of the respective Pourashava and authority. (ii) taking all possible measures in design and selection of sites to avoid resettlement impacts; if needed (iv) avoiding where possible locations that will result in destruction/disturbance to historical and cultural places/values; (v) avoiding tree-cutting where possible; and (vi) ensuring all planning and design interventions and decisions are made in consultation with beneficiaries, local communities and reflecting inputs from public consultation and disclosure for site selection.

26. Implementation Schedule. Substantial time is required spanning the continuum of sub-project preparation, approval, survey, design & estimate, contract award and contract execution. Efforts needs to be made to meticulously follow the schedule should a timely implementation of work is aimed at. Normally the construction work season in Bangladesh runs from October through May (eight months). Construction works are sometimes impeded for the following reasons.

1) Early floods in April/May,

2) Late floods in September/October,

3) Natural calamities (cyclone/tornado, excessive floods) occur in April/May and

October/November.

4) Normally, the best construction period is only for 6 months a year (October to March).

The construction period is sometimes squeezed to 4 months due to natural calamities.

27. However, sometimes, based on time constraint & other reasons, construction work may even need to be carried out in the monsoon. Besides, whenever possible, simultaneousness of activities can be ascertained and cashed in on and consequently, quantum of work can be maximized through efficient planning and adoption of best available practice.

28. Summing up, over a 30-month period, major works are advisable to take place between August, 2017 and November, 2018. A tentative time-schedule for implementation (only as an indication) is shown overleaf.

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Table- 2: Implementation schedule for Meherpur Solid Waste Management Sub-project

Sub-project Implementation Schedule for Package-UGIIP-III-2/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2017 (Tentative)

Item of works

Period: January 2017-June 2019 (Phase-II) 2.5 years

2017 2018 2019 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06

Assessment of the Sub-project Supported by field visit

Preparation and approval of sub-projects

Preparation of the bid documents

Tendering of the sub-project and the work order

Execution of the physical work

Final inspection and certification

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III. DUE DILIGENCE

A. Objectives of the Study/ Investigation

29. This Social Impact Assessment Report/Due Diligence Report has been prepared to meet the following objectives.

thorough assessment of social safeguard issues and impacts - major objective is to assess and identify all the possible socio-economic and resettlement impacts including impacts on women, poor and vulnerable;

to plan to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential adverse impact;

to describe the extent of land acquisition and involuntary resettlement impacts;

to inform and consult the affected persons to make them aware about the project activities and take feedback to prepare safeguard plans summarizing mitigation measures, monitoring program/ mechanism, institutional arrangement and presenting budget for resettlement;

to describe the likely economic impacts and identified livelihood risks of the proposed project components; and

to describe the process undertaken during project design to engage stakeholders and the planned information disclosure measures and the process for carrying out consultation with affected people and facilitating their participation during project implementation;

to establish a framework for grievance redress mechanism for affected persons (APs);

to describe the applicable national and local legal framework for the project, and define the IR policy principles applicable to the project; and

to define entitlements of affected persons, and assistance and benefits available under the project;

B. Methodology used for Assessing Land Acquisition and Resettlement

30. Data collection. Necessary data regarding social, economic and gender information have been collected primarily through desk work, field visits to the proposed sub-project sites and one-on-one interviews with stakeholders.

31. Consultations with Stakeholders. Comprehensive discussions were held with MDSC, Meherpur Pourashava officials, community people living near by the proposed sub-projects, public representatives and other stakeholders to identify different issues, constraints, prospects and feedback from the participants in connection to SWM scheme to be constructed. The consultation covers mainly information dissemination about the project/sub-project and its scope, possible positive and negative impacts, involvement of local people in different activities of the project and employment in project works etc. The public participation process included (i) identifying interested parties (stakeholders) (ii) informing and providing the stakeholders with sufficient background and technical information regarding the proposed development (iii) creating opportunities and mechanisms whereby they can participate and raise their views (issues, comments, and concerns) with regard to the proposed development (iv) giving the stakeholders feedback on process findings and recommendations and (v) ensuring compliance to process requirements with regards to the environmental and related legislation.

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32. The safeguard team of MDSC visited Meherpur Pourashava on 24/01/2016 and 17/05/2016 and conducted public meetings with community leaders, local public representatives, and residents, different stakeholders, including Mayor, Executive Engineer, Assistant Engineer, Sub Assistant Engineers, and Councillors of the Pourashava at different places. The purpose of these meetings was public consultations as outlined above. During field visits, the consultants investigated about the existing condition of the SWM sub-project, and emphasized on the issues like land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation.

33. As a part of public consultation, two public consultation meetings were organized at near the Sanitary landfill. About 18 participants were present in the consultation meetings. The main agendas were to discuss about the needs and improvement of SWM sub-project, collection process of solid waste from door to door, etc. The ownership of land (2.99 acres) is Meherpur Pourashava and nobody will suffer from disruptions during construction activities. During field visits, consultants physically visited the above mentioned scheme sites to verify the likely impacts on the people with respect to land acquisition & resettlement, and other social safeguard issues. During the site visits, concern Pourashava Councillors, Assistant Engineer, Sub Assistant Engineer, and surveyors of Pourashava accompanied the consultants to assist to identify the locations of proposed SWM sub-project and to organize consultation meetings with local people. The following snapshots show the consultation meetings with different stakeholders.

Consultation with communities at Tin Raster Mour

Consultation with Communities at Stadium Mour

Meeting with Pourashava officials and Mayor of the Pourashava

Consultation with Communities at Poura College More

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34. During consultations and field visits, the issues raised were addressed by the MDSC social safeguard team and the Pourashava officials & representatives of the Pourashava by informing the participants mainly that as per the detailed designs private land would not be required. and it is expecting that the construction of aforesaid SWM sub-project will cause neither physical nor economic displacement of any kind. There is no possibility of land acquisition and no structure will be affected, none need to be relocated, and consequently no involuntary resettlement (IR) impact is anticipated. It was found that the tree cutting will not be taken place during construction phase. The participants were also informed that there would be local employment opportunity for skilled and unskilled labourers. Participation of women (at least 20%) would be highly encouraged. The people expressed their happiness for getting the sub-project.

35. During discussions, the local people mentioned about the insufficiency of civic facilities, and bad condition of existing SWM activities. The people expressed their happiness for getting project assistance for improvement of the Pourashava facilities including SWM sub-project. The SWM schemes proposed under the sub-project were a long felt demand of the people of the town. The records of public consultations have been shown in Appendix-1

36. Transect walks. Local leaders, stakeholders, beneficiaries with the National Resettlement Specialist including MDSC team conducted transect walk on 24/01/2016 and 17/05/2016 to observe and evaluate the proposed locations and alignments of sub-project using a standard IR checklist annexed with this report as Appendix-2

37. Reconnaissance Survey. The project MDSC social safeguard team visited Meherpur Pourashava on 24-01-2016 for preliminary safeguard assessment of SWM sub-project to observe and investigate the feasibility, conduct informal discussions with local communities, formal discussions with Pourashava engineers, and visual assessment of IR impacts. The output of the survey was discussed with the design engineers of the project to incorporate those into the designs to minimise the IR impacts.

38. Loss of Income & Livelihood Opportunities. During the census and field visit, nobody was found who may be affected by the sub-project activities. The proposed sub-project will not affect any community groups and or any resources that are used for livelihood purposes. None of the community facilities like schools, cemeteries, mosques, hospitals, temples, or others religious, cultural and historical properties are going to be affected. The proposed site is very far from the locality, so no chance to be affected by odour. There are a small number of waste collectors and rag pickers work in collecting waste from dumping place as well as houses, restaurants, hospitals and so on. They manually sort out the waste and sell these to buyers. Some rag pickers collect valuables from the existing dumpsite. The waste collectors and Rag pickers will not lose their income as waste collectors from house-holds and other sources. However, there would not be any scope for Rag pickers in the proposed sanitary landfill, and renovation of composting plant as it will be confined by boundary wall and guard.

39. Social safeguard unit of MDSC has verified the proposed SWM sub-project through the questionnaire that is titled “Initial Assessment Format”. Through this format, the team members have organized consultation with SWM sub-project users and gathered feedback on the sub-project. Finally, it has been concluded that there is no impacts on involuntary resettlement.

40. Given the scale of the project it is likely that a number of local people will obtain at least temporary socio-economic benefits, by gaining employment in the construction workforce, and thus raising their levels of income. In addition, a significant amount of employments will be generated associated with the O&M of the facilities to be developed under the sub-projects. These benefits can bring wider social gains if they are directed at vulnerable groups.

41. Health and Safety of Community and Workers. No adverse residual effects to human health will occur as a result of construction or O&M activities, and mitigation measures are in place to ensure public and worker safety, and will be closely monitored. While exposure to

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elevated noise levels, fugitive dust and common air pollutants will occur in proximity to work sites, due to their short-term and localized nature, these effects are expected to be minor and insignificant with no measurable effects on human health.

42. Upon completion of the sub-project, the socio-community will be the major beneficiaries of this sub-project. With the improved solid waste management facilities, additional vehicles and workers PPE, they will be provided with reliable and climate-resilient municipal services. In addition to improved environmental conditions, the sub-project will reduce occurrence of diseases and people would spend less on healthcare and lose fewer working days due to illness, so their economic status should also improve, as well as their overall health. These are considered a long-term cumulative benefit. Therefore, the project will benefit the general public by contributing to the long-term improvement of municipal services and community liveability in Meherpur Pourashava.

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IV. FINDINGS

43. Involuntary Resettlement: As per results of the data gathered, detailed survey of the sites and alignments together with review of land records made, the IR Checklist has been completed (Appendix 2). The results show that the sub-project is considered as Category C, i.e., the sub-project does not require temporary or permanent land acquisition, and there is no impact involving the loss of land, structures, crops and trees, businesses or income.

44. The sub-project under package No: All SWM sub-project under Package Nr. UGIIP III-2/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2016 will involve construction/improvement of SWM sector sub-project as mentioned in Table-1. MDSC together with PMU has confirmed ownership and land records of Meherpur Pourashava; no land acquisition is required. Land ownership certificate is given in Appendix- 5.

45. The social safeguard unit of MDSC for UGIIP-III further verified and checked the SWM through the questionnaire that is titled “Initial Evaluation Assessment Format”. Through this format, the team members have organized consultation with the sub-project users and gathered feedback on the sub-project. There were no encroachers and squatters found in the proposed SWM sub-project site. Thus, it has been concluded that there is no IR impact and the sub-project is classified as Category C for IR. For recording and documentation purposes, the following are the socio-economic information and profile of survey participants.

i. No BPLs along the proposed SWM sub-project

ii. No indigenous people (IP) along the proposed SWM sub-project.

46. There is sufficient space at the site for staging area, keeping construction equipment, and stockpiling of materials. Besides, there is no possibility of affecting any structure needing relocation by the sub-project activities as per detailed design of the SWM sub-project. Moreover, there is no possibility of loss of livelihood, neither permanent nor temporary due to loss of land/ assets occupied or squatting by anybody, for the proposed development. Therefore, the potential impact of the sub-project on privately owned land/ assets has been fully eliminated, and correspondingly, no issues relating to involuntary resettlement will occur during implementation of the sub-project. Some trees will need to be cut. The trees are owned by the Pourashava. Close plantation will be done by the side of the peripheral embankment of the landfill site as per landfill site layout plan.

47. The concepts considered in design of the Meherpur Pourashava solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project are: (i) locating facilities on lands owned by the Government/Pourashava to avoid the need for land acquisition and relocation of people;(ii) taking all possible measures in design and selection of site to avoid resettlement impacts; (iii) avoiding where possible locations that will result in destruction/disturbance to historical and cultural places/values; (iv) avoiding tree-cutting where possible; (v) ensuring all planning and design interventions and decisions are made in consultation with local communities and reflecting inputs from public consultation and disclosure for site selection.

48. Ensure sustainability of operations by considering various options as practiced in Bangladesh such as considering, but not limited to public-private partnerships, NGO-led operation, or tie-up with operators of landfill site.

49. As the SWM sub-project will be implemented in the area owned by Pourashava, any road closure will not be required during construction phase. Thus, the sub-project will not affect livelihood, income or businesses. Residents and businesses along the sub-project sites may experience temporary impacts such as increased noise, vibration, dust and restriction of vehicles movement during construction phase which can be mitigated through good construction practices as documented in the sub-project’s environmental management plan (EMP).

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50. All the above measures will be taken by the contractors during construction as per conditions included in the contract documents. The contractors shall avoid congested areas and narrow roads for carrying construction materials and equipment to site and schedule transportation to avoid peak traffic period on the landfill site to minimize disturbances. The contractors shall also maintain vehicles and construction machinery and prohibit the use of air horns in settlement areas. Thus impacts during construction phase can be mitigated through good construction practices as documented in the sub-project’s initial environmental examination report and environmental management plan (EMP).

51. Land requirement and safeguard compliance during construction. Table-1 summaries the impacts of social safeguard impacts. No land acquisition is required in this sub-project. Therefore, no land would be required for acquisition or donation. The project also ensures transparency and social accountability at each stage of the subproject execution through engaging communities in the process of suggestion and complaint and grievance redress mechanism (GRM). As a continued process of participation, Meherpur Pourashava has included consultation and Participation Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism for further inclusion, participation, transparency and social accountability in the implementation process.

52. Indigenous People. There is no identified IPs near by the proposed SWM sub-project of Meherpur Pourashava (See Table-1) and as such no IP is affected by the sub-project activity. As there is no identified indigenous people/ethnic minority (adivasi) communities on the vicinity of the proposed sub-project schemes, the sub-project has no IP impact and has thus been classified as Category C for IP.

53. Others: The sub-project will not (i) result in labour retrenchment or encourage child labour; or, (ii) directly or indirectly contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS, human trafficking, or the displacement of vulnerable, girls and women. The sub-project will have no potential impact on any female-headed household.

54. Cost: Table-3 provides the costs and sources of funds to ensure social safeguards which are considered to be required in the sub-project implementation.

Table- 3: Social Safeguard Implementation Cost Related to SWM Sector Sub-project, Meherpur Pourashava.

Activities Amount (Tk)

Source of Funds

(i) public consultation and disclosure 300,000 PIU

(ii) grievance redress mechanism 100,000 PIU

(iii) safeguards capacity building program 50,000 Under MDSC costs

(vi) materials for awareness raising and implementation of consultation and participation plan

330,000 Under GICDC costs

55. Outcome of the sub-project will be improved Solid Waste Management system which will be environmentally friendly, hygienically sound and will satisfy the “National 3R Strategy for Waste Management.” The system will include collecting, transportation and disposal of solid waste according to pre-selected procedures. Implementation of the sub-project will provide improved facilities for disposal of solid waste, composting, fecal sludge treatment, and medical waste treatment, increased service coverage to the citizens of core areas including industries and commercial premises, etc and increased revenue for the Pourashava, will reduce health hazards.

56. Sub-project benefits. Improvement of SWM under the sub-project is expected to bring various quantifiable benefits for the citizens of Pourashava. SWM sub-project construction/improvement will improve the health condition of the urban people; and as a result,

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longevity of people will be increased, life will be disease free, construction of sanitary landfill will improve the air and water quality of the urban area, the emission of carbon dioxide gas will be controlled, the waste products of landfills can be used as direct fuel for combustion and can also be processed into another fuel, separated organic materials can be used for compost which the farmers can use to increase crop yield, present handling knowledge and unscientific disposal of various medical waste will be improved, which will in turn reduce the transmission of HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV), surface and ground water contamination will be reduced Medicine costs will be lower and aging will be longer which will bring new life for livelihood and consequently familial and social activities will increase which will boost up economic development. Extended benefits will create employment opportunity for local people due to construction and maintenance of SWM sub-project. The most important thing is that the Solid Waste Management System of the Pourashava and the community will be improved and the adverse effect on environment will be reduced.

57. Thus the sub-project implementation will bring health and economic gains to the local people in the form of health, hygiene, improvement in environment, increased employment, less spending on healthcare and increased productivity.

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V. FUTURE CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE

58. This due diligence report and other relevant documents will be made available at public locations in the Pourashava and posted on the websites of LGED and ADB. The same information will be posted in Meherpur Pourashava and provided to members of TLCC and community representatives.

59. A consultation and participation plan is prepared for UGIIP- III; consultation activities will be coordinated by the PMO, PIU and consultant team to ensure that the communities are fully aware of the activities at all stages of the project implementation. During construction phase, Meherpur Pourashava with assistance of consultant teams will conduct (i) public meetings with affected communities to discuss and plan work programs and allow issues to be raised and addressed once construction has started; and (ii) smaller-scale meetings to discuss and plan construction work with individual communities to reduce disturbance and other impacts, and to provide a mechanism through which stakeholders can participate in project monitoring and evaluation. The PIU will coordinate the schedule with the contractors and will ensure proper public consultations are held prior to start of civil works and during implementation. Documentation should be included in the social safeguards monitoring report.

60. The Project has already organized consultation training program for all staff working in UGIIP-III, consultants and Pourashava staff on safeguard policies. The aim of the consultation meetings was to inform all stakeholders about the importance of the safeguard policies and their implementation at the design, construction and operation stage. Field consultations were conducted with local people.

61. The relevant information in this due diligence report together with following information on GRM will be translated to local language and disclosed to persons in the sub-project area. Documentation will be included during social safeguard monitoring report. The social safeguard officer (XEN) will disclose information.

62. Grievance Redress Mechanism. A project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been established to receive, evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of AP’s concerns, complaints, and grievances about the social and environmental performance at the level of the project. This has been outlined in Figure- 7 bellow. The GRM aims to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns linked to the project. The multi-tier GRM for the project is outlined below, each tier having time-bound schedules and with responsible persons identified to address grievances and seek appropriate persons’ advice at each stage, as required. The PMU, MDSC safeguards team and GICDC team will assist the PIU in establishing the GRM and building the capacity of the GRC members to address project-related complaints/grievances. Once contractors are mobilized, inform them of their role and responsibilities and procedures involved in the GRM.

63. During the field visit, the Mayor, head of the PIU, assured to comply ADB’s Social Safeguard Policy in implementing sub-project activities. The Grievance Redress Mechanism has been functioning well at the subproject level as the project has experienced in implementing various schemes and governance improvement activities under UGIIP-I, UGIIP-III, and other projects. However, Pourashava formed GRC3 on Jan 2, 2017 headed by Panel Mayor-1, Md Nazrul Islam.

3 Grievance redress committee (GRC) has been formed at Meherpur Pourashava. The GRC comprises of Mr. MD. AL Mamun

Panel mayor 01-Convanor , Concern ward councilor (male)-Member, Concern ward councilor (Female)- member, Dr.

Rumana Helali , Medcal Officer, NGO Representative –member, Mr. Md. Joynal Abedin (admin Officer Meherpur Pourashava –

member, from A.P.S- Member will be invited as observer..

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64. PIU and governance improvement and capacity building consultants (GICDC) have conducted Pourashava wise awareness campaigns to ensure that people in the sub-project area are made aware of grievance redress procedures and entitlements, and will work with the PMO and MDSC to help ensure that their grievances are addressed.

65. Affected persons will have the flexibility of conveying grievances/suggestions by dropping grievance redress/suggestion forms in complaints/suggestion boxes that have already been installed by PIU or through telephone hotlines 01766800850 at accessible locations, by e-mail to [email protected] by post, or by writing in a complains register in PIU or Meherpur Pourashava office.

66. Careful documentation of the name of the complainant, date of receipt of the complaint, address/contact details of the person, location of the problem area, and how the problem was resolved will be undertaken. PMO safeguard officer will have the overall responsibility for timely grievance redressed on environmental and social safeguards issues and for registration of grievances, related disclosure, and communication with the suggested party through the PIU designated safeguard focal person.

67. Grievance redresses process. In case of grievances that are immediate and urgent in the perception of the complainant, the contractor and MDSC on-site personnel will provide the most easily accessible or first level of contact for quick resolution of grievances. Contact phone numbers and names of the concerned PIU safeguard focal person and contractors; will be posted at all construction sites at visible locations. Sample of Grievance Registration Form has been given in Appendix-4.

(i) 1st Level Grievance. The phone number of the PIU office should be made available at the construction site signboards. The contractors and PIU safeguard focal person can immediately resolve on-site in consultation with each other, and will be required to do so within 7 days of receipt of a complaint/grievance.

(ii) 2nd Level Grievance. All grievances that cannot be redress within 7 days at field/ward level will be reviewed by the grievance redress cell (GRC) headed by Panel Mayor of the Pourashava with support from PIU designated safeguard focal person and MDSC regional environment and resettlement specialists. GRC will attempt to resolve them within 15 days.4 The PIU designated safeguard focal person will be responsible to see through the process of redressing of each grievance.

(iii) 3rd Level Grievance. The PIU designated safeguard focal person will refer any unresolved or major issues to the PMO safeguard officer and MDSC national environmental and resettlement specialists. The PMO in consultation with these officers/specialists will resolve them within 30 days.

68. Despite the project GRM, an aggrieved person shall have access to the country's legal system at any stage, and accessing the country's legal system can run parallel to accessing the GRM and is not dependent on the negative outcome of the GRM.

69. In the event that the established GRM is not in a position to resolve the issue, the affected person also can use the ADB Accountability Mechanism (AM) through directly contacting (in writing) the Complaint Receiving Officer (CRO) at ADB headquarters or the ADB Bangladesh Resident Mission (BRM). The complaint can be submitted in any of the official languages of ADB’s, DMCs. The ADB Accountability Mechanism information has been included in the PID to be distributed to the affected communities, as part of the project GRM.

70. Record keeping. Records of all grievances received, including contact details of complainant, date, the complaint received, nature of grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were affected and final outcome will be kept by PIU. The number of grievances

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recorded and resolved and the outcomes will be displayed/disclosed in the PMU office, Pourashava office, and on the web, as well as reported in monitoring reports submitted to ADB on a semi-annual basis.

71. Periodic review and documentation of lessons learned. The PMU safeguard officer will periodically review the functioning of the GRM in each Pourashava and record information on the effectiveness of the mechanism, especially on the project’s ability to prevent and address grievances.

72. Costs. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting/information dissemination) will be borne by the concerned PIU at Pourashava-level; while costs related to escalated grievances will be met by the PMU. Cost estimates for grievance redress are included in the resettlement cost estimates for affected persons.

Figure- 7: Project Grievance Redress Mechanism

VI. MITIGATION OF SOCIAL CONCERNS

73. Implementation of SWM sub-project under UGIIP-III will not be required any land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, physical or economic displacement, or temporary restrictions to land use as the construction activities. The work will be done on the existing land owned by the Pourashava. However, some assumptions were made that during civil works nearby residents and different persons carrying out different economic activities particularly near the landfill might face temporary disturbances. The local inhabitants wanted and assurance that the landfill site and the compost plant together with the waste collection system will not spread bad odor, which

Field/ward level Contractor and PIU designated safeguard focal person

Pourashava level (GRC) PIU designated safeguard focal person, MDSC regional environmental and resettlement specialists

PMO level PMO Safeguard Officer and MDSC national environmental and resettlement specialists

Affected

person

1st Level

Grievance

3rdLevel Grievance

2nd Level Grievance

No

Yes, within7 days Grievance

redressed and record keeping

Grievance redressed and record keeping

Grievance redressed and record keeping

Yes, within 15 days

Yes, within 30 days

No

Note: GRC = Grievance Redress Cell; PIU = Project Implementation Unit; MDSC = Management. Design and Supervision Consultants; PMO = Project Management Office

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leads to public nuisance. In order to avoid minor disturbances during the construction activities, the following measures are suggested to eliminate such impacts:

Informing all the residents, local households and traders about the nature and duration of

works in advance, so that they can make necessary preparation to face the situation.

Providing wooden walkways/ plank across trenches for pedestrians and metal sheets where

vehicles access is required.

PIU need to care mitigate spreading bad odor.

Increasing the workforce and using the appropriate equipment to complete the work in a

minimum timeframe.

Suggest people to wear musk to protect from dust problem during construction.

Other social concern, if any, shall be properly solved by the Grievance Redress Committee

(GRC) under the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) of the project to be formed by the

PIU.

Any other preventive measures to be adopted as required considering the situation during

construction.

The above mitigation measures during construction activities will ease the temporary

disturbances in connection to movement and operation of business by the local residents,

pedestrian customers and clients from shopping locally or using the usual services from local

business.

VII. CONCLUSIONS

74. Important findings of the study in connection to social safeguard issues are (i) improvement/construction of the SWM sub-project will be carried out on the existing land owned by Meherpur Pourashava, thus SWM sub-project will not be required land acquisition; (ii) there are no structures, houses, shops, trees or any other establishments of the people on the site of the proposed SWM sub-project ; (iii) as a result no dislocation, demolition of houses or structures will be required due to the development activities; (iv) the local people unanimously welcomed the project and showed positive attitude to the construction/improvement of the proposed sub-project. None was found to oppose the sub-project; (v) urban residents and the rural residents in surrounding hinterland will benefit from construction/improvement of the propose SWM sub-project for creating better environment & social services provided in the project town; (vi) no potential negative impact could be identified and (vii) business or economic activities will not be impeded resulting losses in income or asset.

75. A due diligence process was conducted for the sub-project to examine the IR issues particularly with respect to the requirements of the ADB’s SPS (2009) and ARIPO. The activities proposed under the sub-project will be of straight forward construction on the existing site. So, implementation of the sub-project will neither affect any land nor structure. Any disturbances will be limited to construction period only. The likely impacts are short-term, localized and could easily be avoided or mitigated. The results of the study suggest that the impact of the sub-project does not incur any land acquisition, resettlement or economic displacement.

76. The Project Director (PD) will carry out internal monitoring through the PMU and PIUs with the support from the MDSC. For this sub-project, PIU will provide PMU regular updates on (i) GRM establishment; (ii) report of public consultations and disclosures conducted; (iv) complaints/grievance received, if any, and resolutions conducted; and (iv) unanticipated IR impacts during sub-project implementation not included in this due diligence report.

77. Based on the findings presented in this due diligence report, the Meherpur Pourashava Solid Waste Management sub-project package Nr. UGIIP III-2/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2016 will not

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require land acquisition and will not cause involuntary resettlement impacts. There is also no IP identified in the Sub-project area. Thus it is concluded that the sub-project is category C for IR and Category C for IP as per ADB SPS 2009.

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VIII. Appendix 1: Records of Public Consultations on SWM sub-project in Meherpur Pourashava

Public Consultation Meeting - 01

Sub-project: Package Nr. UGIIP III-2/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2017: Construction of SWM sub-project at Meherpur Pourashava. Venue: Pasur Hat, Meherpur Pourashava. No of Participants: 08 Date: 24/01/2016, Time: 3.00 PM Agenda: Consultation Meeting on SWM sub-project at Meherpur Pourashava, Phase-2 The public consultation meeting was held near the landfill side, Pasur hat, of Meherpur Pourashava. Mr. Abul Hashem, National Resettlement Specialist, MDSC, facilitated the meeting. The meeting was attended by the beneficiaries, businessmen, rickshaw pullers, community leaders, and representatives of local government agencies. Consultants from social safeguard unit of MDSC, UGIIP-III, users, and beneficiaries of the sub-project were also present in the meeting.

Before the consultation meeting, the MDSC team met with the Mayor of the Pourashava and relevant officials in his office. The Mayor advised that the proposed sub-project will not need any private land for the construction/improvement of the present SWM sub-project as the sub-project will be constructed on the Pourashava owned land which has been acquired about 10 years back.

The National Resettlement Specialist, MDSC, UGIIP-III, briefed the participants regarding the goals and objectives of the sub-project and social safeguard issues which may arise during construction period and also probable mitigation measures including formation of GRC; highlighting that there would be no land acquisition for sub-project implementation as the activities would be implemented on the Pourashava’s owned land and also informed in the meeting that no indigenous /tribal people would be affected.

The Pourashava officials, concerned councillor of the Pourashava, some beneficiaries and few community leaders representing the area have participated in the discussion. Some issues were raised during public consultations that have been addressed in this Due Diligence Report (DDR) and during public consultations, but these issues would not pose any significant constraint in the implementation of proposed sub-project.

The meeting concluded with thanks from the facilitator to the participants.

A list of participants and a Photograph of consultation meeting is given below:

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Attendance of Participants

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Key Issues Discussed (1) Sl. No.

Key issues

Major Findings of Public Meeting

1. Existing condition of the SWM situation needs to be improved.

The solid waste management system in Meherpur Pourashava is not satisfactory and environment friendly. Pourashava is unable to manage this significant environmental issue due to insufficient infrastructure, resource constraints, lack of skilled manpower, planning and proper equipment. In spite of that, rapid urbanization, demographic growth and economic development create an extra load on Pourashava to address this issue. In the current system, Pourashava collect and dispose solid waste in a three way method; a) community bin service; b) partially door to door collection service and; c) crude dumping on roadside and transfer.

2. Local people’s opinions on construction/improvement of the existing SWM sub-project issues.

The local people have expressed their willingness to support implementation of the sub project’s activities smoothly. Once the SWM sub-project is implemented in the Pourashava, the inhabitants would get the healthy and environment-friendly solid waste disposal system. The people opined that the citizens should be educated not to though waste in the drains rather they should use designated place like dust bins, transfer stations or handover those to the door to door collectors. They also opined that the solid waste should be disposed off at a distance from the locality so that the people do not get bad smell. 3. Community’s

willingness to support sub-project/ Pourashava

The community is willing to support the improvement for various reasons. One of the concerns is- there is no land acquisition for development work. The SWM schemes will be implemented on the land owned by the Meherpur Pourashava. In addition, no houses, trees, shops and other structures to be removed; therefore no livelihood loss would be incurred. No indigenous/tribal people will be affected. All construction activities will be done on the Pourashava’s own land. The community is very happy to have the project and expressed that by the implementation of the sub-project, the town will be less dirty and the condition of environment will be improved.

4. Employment opportunity

The participants were also informed that there would be local employment opportunity for skilled and unskilled labourers. Participation of women (at least 20%) would be highly encouraged. The people expressed their happiness for getting the sub-project.

5. SWM sub-project should be ornamental and dynamic

This Pourashava is located adjacent to the border between Bangladesh & India and a historical place ‘Mujibnagar’ where the provisional government of Bangladesh was formed on 10 April 1971 and the movement for independence went ahead. From other parts of Bangladesh and world, visitors/researchers are always searching their totems as per their taboos during liberation movement of Bangladesh in the historical places of Meherpur District. Therefore, environment and society should be controlled from hazardous waste with ornamental scenario at Meherpur Pourashava.

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Public Consultation Meeting - 02 Sub-project: PDP No.48 (Package: UGIIP-III-2/NABI/UT+DR /01/2016): Venue: Poura College Mour, Katulia Road No of Participants: 13 Date: 17-05-2016, Time: `01.00 P.M. Agenda: Consultation Meeting on Improvement, Reconstruction, Rehabilitation of SWM sub-project in Meherpur Pourashava; Phase-2. The public consultation meeting was presided over by Md. Sazzad Hossain, a business man of this Pourashava. Consultants from the social safeguard unit of MDSC, UGIIP-III were present in the meeting. The SWM sub-project users, beneficiaries, local elites, local government representatives, businessmen and other stakeholders were also present in the meeting.

The participants came from different parts of the Meherpur Pourashava and they raised different issues during public consultations meeting which has been addressed in this Due Diligence Report (DDR). The Regional Resettlement Specialist, MDSC, UGIIP-III, briefed the participants regarding the goals and objectives of the SWM sub-project and safeguard issues which may arise during construction period and after operation of the landfill. Probable mitigation measures also discussed. The president of the meeting informed the participants that no land acquisition is required for sub-project implementation as the SWM sub-project activities will be implemented on the land owned by Meherpur Pourashava. The participants were also informed that since no indigenous people lived in Meherpur Pourashava, no possibility to be affected of those people.

During open discussion session, participants raised following questions, queries and suggestions:

Ensure quality works and emphasized timely completion of proposed sub-project.

Avoid land acquisition and livelihood loss.

Continuous communication with community and ensure public consultation.

The authority should not disturb the livelihood of low income group of the Pourashava.

Make sure proper safety measures during construction period and ensure other safeguard measures

The meeting concluded with thanks from the chair to the participants.

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Attendance of Participants

36

Key Issues Discussed (2)

Sl. No.

Key issues Major Findings

1. Existing situation of the SWM sub-project.

The existing condition of solid waste management is not good. Improper dumping of municipal waste in and around the dustbin i.e. the waste is dumped beside the bin and by the road side. The spillage of house hold municipal waste from the dust bin spread germs and bad odor. They want to get rid of the problems. Limitations faced by the Pourashava dwellers in dumping the house hold waste in the dustbins. Public meeting will be held to evaluate their views and concern about the on payment door to door collection of house hold wastes.

2. How the better SWM will bring better scopes for the community

The better SWM condition will greatly ease the pain of present suffering in movement and also environment. By good SWM, livelihood, business, education and health will be highly benefited and so, will be the people’s overall wellbeing. The local inhabitants wanted and assurance that the landfill site and the compost plant together with the waste collection system will not spread bad odor, which leads to public nuisance.

3. Community’s willingness to support Pourashava

The community is very eager to extend all kinds of support for implementing the sub-project. The community representatives will motivate the people for extending their support for the SWM sub-project. Peoples are very earnest to stand by the Pourashava with whatever support they could provide.

4. Safe from hazardous environment

People also dialogued that waste is not collect from door to door. It is very essential that collection of waste from door to door is safe the hazardous environment, they said. Electrical equipment can cause explosions in certain atmospheres in urban and rural areas. Equipment used in areas where explosive concentrations of dusts or vapors may exist must be equipped with special wiring and other electrical components for safety purposes.

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IX. APPENDIX 2: INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT IMPACT CHECKLIST

This is an expanded checklist based on ADB IR Impact Assessment Checklist. The modifications are indented to facilitate quick IR assessment by PIU of a proposed Sub-project. The checklist may be modified as deemed necessary during project implementation A. Introduction Each Sub-project/component needs to be screened for any involuntary resettlement impacts which will occur or have already occurred. This screening determines the necessary action to be taken by the project team/design consultants. B. Information on proposed scheme/Sub-project:

a. District/administrative name: Meherpur b. Location: Meherpur Pourashava, Meherpur c. Proposed scheme considered in this checklist: (check one)

roads slaughterhouse drainages market Water supply community centre /auditorium X Solid waste management bus and truck terminals Sanitation river ghats (Toilets, septage management, etc.) Others (please specify) street lighting C. Screening Questions for Involuntary Resettlement Impact Rehabilitation of SWM sub-projects.

Involuntary Resettlement Impacts

Yes No Not Known

Remarks

Will the project include any physical construction work?

X SWM sub-project to be constructed

Does the proposed activity include upgrading or rehabilitation of existing physical facilities?

X SWM sub-project constructed

A. Land (not applicable for public ROW)

1. Ownership of land known? X (if yes, check appropriate) X government (Rehabilitation of Existing works) ___ private ___ trust/community ___ traditional (IPs/tribal) ___ Others (specify) X____Pourashava________

2. Land purchase/acquisition (answer required even for land donation and/or negotiated land purchase)- Not applicable

a. permanent (owner/s required to transfer ownership/rights to Pourashava)

X (if yes, provide purpose)

b. temporary (owner/s retain rights/ownership)

X (if yes, provide purpose)

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Yes No Not Known

Remarks

c. not required X (check appropriate) __X_ land owned by Pourashava ___ land owned by other government agency ___ proposal will not require land (scheme will be along right of way or existing facility)

3. Current usage of the land known?

X if yes, check as appropriate: ___ agricultural ___ residential ___ commercial/business ___ community use __X_ vacant/not used ___ private access road ___ others specify)_Roads_& Drains___________

4. Are there any non-titled people who live or earn their livelihood at the site/land?

X (if yes, provide description)

5. Are there any existing structures on land?

X Owned by Pourashava

(if yes, complete the following information)

Not applicable

- Residential X (if yes, provide number)

- Business/shops/stalls X (if yes, provide number)

- Fences X (if yes, provide description – brick, bamboo, wired, etc.)

- Water wells X (if yes, provide number)

- Sanitation facility X (if yes, provide description)

- Others (specify) __________________


6. Are there any trees on land? X (if yes, provide number)

7. Are there any crops on land?

X Owned by Pourashava

8. Will people lose access to:

- any facility X (if yes, provide description)

- services X (if yes, provide description)

- natural resources X (if yes, provide description)

9. Will any social or economic activities be affected by land use-related changes?

X

10. Are any of the affected persons (AP) from indigenous or ethnic minority groups?


B. Linear Works

1. Within public RoW? X

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Yes No Not Known

Remarks

2. Structures on RoW? (applicable to full or partial parts, applicable to permanent/semi-permanent structures)

X

- Residential X

- Commercial/business/stalls X

- Fence/boundary walls X

- Sanitation facility X

- Community facility X

- School/educational facility X

- Religious structure X

- Service provision (light poles, water wells, etc)

X

- Others (specify) X

3. Any mobile vendors/hawkers using RoW?

X

4. Will there be loss of agricultural plots?

X

5. Will there be loss of trees? X

6. Will there be loss of crops? X

5. Will people lose access to:

- any facility X (if yes, provide description)

- services X (if yes, provide description)

- natural resources X (if yes, provide description)

6. Are any of the affected persons (AP) from indigenous or ethnic minority groups?


D. Attachments 1. Sub-project with land requirement: Not applicable

a. Photograph/s of site/s: not applicable b. Photograph/s of existing structure/s (permanent/semi-permanent): Not applicable

2. Sub-project along ROUT:

a. Photograph/s of each alignment (chainage-wise at least 200 meters): Not applicable

b. Photograph/s of existing structure/s (permanent/semi-permanent): Not applicable

c. Photograph/s of trees/crops: Not applicable

Prepared by: Md. Abul Hashem Signature: Name: Md. Abul Hashem Position: National Resettlement Specialist, MDSC, UGIIP-III

Verified by: Md. Abdul Karim Signature: Name: Md. Abdul Karim Position: : Deputy Team Leader, MDSC, UGIIP-III

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Date: 2016/10/23 Date: 2016/10/23

_________________________________________________________ THIS PORTION IS FOR PMO AND MDSC SAFEGUARD TEAM USE ONLY

Date Checklist Received:

Data base/Record Number:

Assigned category and further actions

_x_ Category C ___ Category B (tentative) _____ for verification of land purchase/acquisition _____ for verification of land donation _____ for verification of non-land donation _____ for verification of voluntary resettlement ___ Category B



Date: 2016/10/23 Date: 2016/10/23

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X. APPENDIX 3: INDIGENOUS People/SMALL ETHNIC COMMUNITIES (SEC) IMPACTS

A. Introduction

1. Each project/Sub-project/component needs to be screened for any indigenous people Impacts which will occur or have already occurred. This screening determines the necessary action to be taken by the project team. B. Information on project/Sub-project/component: SWM Sub-project a. District/administrative name: _____Meherpur_Pourashava______________________ b. Location (km):-Meherpur Pourashava. 40 Km West from Kusthia district HQ c. Civil work dates (proposed): From May, 2017 to November, 2018 d. Technical description: SWM sub-project under Package Nr: UGIIP III-II/MEHE/SWM+ SN/01/2017.

B. Screening Questions for Indigenous People/SEC Impact

KEY CONCERNS (Please provide elaborations in the “Remarks” column)

YES NO

NOT KNOWN

Remarks

A. Indigenous Peoples/SEC Identification

1. Are there socio cultural groups present in or using the project area who may be considered "tribes" (hill tribes, scheduled tribes, IP/SEC), "minorities" (ethnic or national minorities), or "indigenous communities"?

X

2. Are there national or local laws or policies as well as anthropological researches/studies that consider these groups present in or using the project area as belonging to "ethnic minorities," scheduled tribes, IP/SEC, national minorities, or cultural communities?

X

3. Do such groups self-identify as being part of a distinct social and cultural group?

X

4. Do such groups maintain collective attachments to distinct habitats or ancestral territories and/or to the natural resources in these habitats and territories?

X

5. Do such groups maintain cultural, economic, social, and political institutions distinct from the dominant society and culture?

X

6. Do such groups speak a distinct language or dialect? X

7. Have such groups been historically, socially, and Economically marginalized, disempowered, excluded, and/or discriminated against?

X

8. .Are such groups represented as "indigenous peoples,""ethnic minorities," "scheduled tribes," or "IP populations" in any formal decision-making bodies at the national or local levels?

X

B. Identification of Potential Impacts

9. Will the project directly or indirectly benefit or target indigenous peoples?

X No direct Target IP in the Project

10. Will the project directly or indirectly affect indigenous peoples' traditional socio cultural and belief practices (e.g. Child-rearing, health, education, arts, and governance)?

X

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YES NO

NOT KNOWN

Remarks


11. Will the project affect the livelihood systems of Indigenous peoples (e.g., food production system, natural resource management, crafts and trade, employment status)?

X

12. Will the project be in an area (land or territory) Occupied, owned, or used by indigenous peoples, and/or claimed as ancestral domain?

X

C. Identification of Special Requirements Will the project activities include:

13. Commercial development of the cultural resources and knowledge of indigenous peoples?

X

14. Physical displacement from traditional or customary lands?

X

15. Commercial development of natural resources (such as minerals, hydrocarbons, forests, water, hunting or fishing grounds) within customary lands under use that would impact the livelihoods or the cultural, ceremonial, and spiritual uses that define the identity and community of indigenous peoples?

X

16. Establishing legal recognition of rights to lands and territories that are traditionally owned or customarily used, occupied, or claimed by indigenous peoples?

X

17. Acquisition of lands that are traditionally owned or customarily used, occupied, or claimed by indigenous peoples?

X

C. Indigenous People/SEC Impact

After reviewing the answers above, executing agency/safeguard team confirms that the proposed subsection/ section/Sub-project/component (tick as appropriate): [ ] has indigenous people (IP)/SEC impact, so an SECDP or specific SEC action plan is required.

[] has No IP/SEC impact, so no SECDP/specific action plan is required.



Date: 2016/10/23 Date: 2016/10/23

XI. APPENDIX 4: SAMPLE GRIEVANCE REGISTRATION FORM

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XII. APPENDIX 5: Verification of Pourashava Ownership of land

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