Day 145: The Eisenhower EraBaltimore Polytechnic Institute

April 10, 2013A/A.P. U.S. History

Mr. Green

Objectives: Indicate how America reacted to Pearl Harbor and prepared to

wage war against both Germany and Japan.Describe the mobilization of the American economy for war and

the mobilization of manpower and womanpower for both the military and wartime production.

Describe the war’s effects on American society, including regional migration, race relations, and women’s roles.

Explain the early Japanese successes in East Asia and the Pacific, and the American strategy for countering them.

AP FocusEarly in the war, Germany, Japan, and Italy have considerable

military success. The Allies, except for France, which had surrendered in 1940, are fortunate not to be overwhelmed completely.

Fearing that they will be disloyal, President Roosevelt orders the detention of Japanese Americans, a serious violation of basic American civil rights.

The Eisenhower Era 1952-1960

CHAPTER THEMESUnified by Pearl Harbor, America effectively

carried out a war mobilization effort that produced vast social and economic changes within American society.

Following its “get Hitler first” strategy, the United States and its Allies invaded and liberated conquered Europe from Fascist rule. The slower strategy of island-hopping against Japan also proceeded successfully until the atomic bomb brought a sudden end to World War II.

Chapter Focus

Explain the difference between a white-collar job and a blue collar job

1956-1st time white-collar jobs outnumbered blue-collar jobs

Explain the significance of this statistic. What does this say about the U.S. economy?

Warm-up

John Foster Dulles-Secretary of Stateroll back the gains of communismliberate captive peoples balance the budget by cutting military spending“Policy of Boldness”-1954

focus on Strategic Air Command-equipped with nukes

cheaper than conventional forces (really)Stalin dies in 1953 to be replaced by Nikita KhrushchevHungarian Uprising 1956 exposed the realities of the

SAC

Foreign Policy of Eisenhower

Accused Dean Acheson of employing 205 known Communists

only 57 genuine communists and never rooted out 1

Accused General George Marshall of a huge conspiracy

Ike tried to stay out of the gutter with McCarthyDeprived government of Asian specialists that may

have helped with Vietnamdictated personnel at the State Department

Army-McCarthy HearingsDied in 1957 of chronic alcoholism

Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy

Segregation15 million African-Americans

2/3 still lived in the SouthEmmett Till in 1955Segregation tarnished American’s international

imageNorth moves first

equal access, baseball, Sweatt v. Painter (1950)

Rosa Parks-December 1955Montgomery bus boycott

MLK

Desegregating American Society

Truman commissioned “To Secure These Rights”ended segregation in 1948 in federal civil service/military

Earl WarrenBrown v. Board

Border States made more effort than the deep South

Ike not on boarddid send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas

1957-1st Civil Rights Act since ReconstructionCivil Rights Commission

Seeds of the Civil Rights Revolution

Limited Federal GovernmentCut back on Truman’s military buildup

military spending 10% of GNPoil fields went to state controlattempted to curb the TVA

Dixon/Yates controversyprivate power company to build a generating plant to compete with the public utility born during the Great Depression

HEW-free distribution of the Salk anti-polio vaccine as “socialized medicine”

Federal Highway Act of 195642,000 miles of highway$27 billion dollarsMobilize the troops anywhere Killed the train

Eisenhower Republicanism at Home

Landrum-Griffin Act 1959bring labor leaders book for financial shenanigans and bullying tactics

The Teamsters and Hoffa caused the conversation for reform to occur

Revising Taft-Hartley

Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh/Viet MinhFrench colony, but by 1954 the U.S. paid nearly 80%

of the French war in Indochina ($1 billion/year)Battle of Dien Bien Phu-March 1954

Vietnam nationalists surround the French garrisonIke stayed out, even though Nixon, Dulles and the

Joint Chiefs favored interventionSplit Vietnam at the 17 parallel with elections in 2

yearsNgo Dinh Diem propped up in the South at Saigon Elections never happenedAid to Diem provided he undertook social reforms

Asia

West Germany joined NATO in 1955Warsaw Pact in 1955USSR left Austria in 1955 and Khrushchev denounced dead Joe

StalinHungarian Uprising in 1956Iran

Shah put in place in 1953 by the CIAMohammed Reza Pahlevi

Suez crisis (Nationalism)Egypt wanted a dam on the upper NileNasser flirted with the communists and Dulles pulled the moneyNasser nationalized the canal and no oil could get to Britain and France and they assaulted Egypt in Oct. 1956OPEC formed in 1960-Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran and Venezuela

Europe and the Middle East

1954-CIA directed coup ousted a leftist government in Guatemala

As long as you were fighting communists, everything is OK

Fulgencio Batista-encourage huge investments of American capital

Castro took control in 1959 and began dolling out American owned property

U.S. stopped importing Cuban sugarCastro continued confiscating U.S. owned landUSSR found an ally/satellite in Cuba

Western Hemisphere

1. Begin 1950’s chart2. Complete Korean Conflict Chart

Class Discussion

Read Chapter 35Prepare for 5 question reading check on

Tuesday

Homework