© 2011 BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Fuel Cell Power & Usable Heat from

Biomass

Stapleton, March, 2012

March 05, 2012

Clean Energy Market Opportunity

New Global Energy

Solutions

• Clean energy future is accelerating

• No single energy technology solution

• Fuel cell technologies will play key roles

The Future of

Clean Energy

Ballard PEM Fuel CellAdvantage

• Scaleable

• Fuel flexibility

• Efficient, reliable and safe

• Rapid response to changes in power demand

Need Solution

P A G E 2

Generation of Hydrogen from Biomass

Benefits

Local, sustainable, and lower cost source of GHG reducing electricity & heat for communities

Local jobs for biomass collection, processing, and plant operation

Biochar: Sequester carbon; complete biomass lifecycle by returning nutrients to local soil; possible revenue stream

Flexible feedstock, up to 45% moisture

165 kW to multi-megawatt distributed power generation

Large international potential where fuel source is available

April 12, 2023 3

PurificationPyrolysis Gasifier

High H2 Syngas

Biomass Feedstock

Biochar: soil supplements Future: fuel cell vehicles

H2Electricity

Heat

PEM fuel cell system

Ballard’s Solution for Distributed Generation

Smarter Solutions for a Clean Energy Future 4

Power Scalable from 165 kW

Packaging Self contained ISO container

Fuel efficiency 48%, based on LHV

Output voltage 380-480 VAC

Output heat load 1100 kW per 1000 kWnet

Available water temp

60-65˚C

SitingSelf-contained systems,simple integration with plant

Pyrolysis Gasifier Feedstock Options

Agricultural/forest residues, underutilized wood, mixed paper waste, wood chips, Palm mass, sawdust, grass, hay, straw, miscanthus, tree/lawn waste, corn stover

Energy crops – Switchgrass

Cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignins

Cannot process tires, aluminum, and some PVC’s.

April 12, 2023 5 BallaRD

Excellent fuel LCA (>85% CO2 reduction)

with waste streams

Typical 1MW CLEARgen™ Installation

Smarter Solutions for a Clean Energy Future 6

Ballard Distributed Generation Deployments

Smarter Solutions for a Clean Energy Future 7

1 MW fuel cell system for peak load management at electric utility in Ohio.

1/3 MW fuel cell system to use by-product hydrogen at a chlorine production plant

50 kW fuel cell system running on hydrogen from a 5 ton/d plasma gasification plant in South Korea

1.1 MW fuel cell system for peak shaving for Toyota Motor Sales USA Inc. in Torrance, CA

1MW mobile unit for FirstEnergy

COMMERCIAL CONFIDENTIAL

Environmental Dividend from Fuel Cells & Biomass

Fuel cells will be an important part

of the future alternative energy mix

Key environmental advantages

provided by Fuel Cells over

incumbent technologies

Biomass can provide clean energy

fuel source for Fuel Cells