Balancing National Security and Commerce

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Balancing National

Security and Commerce

Information politics in thenew transatlantic agenda

Henry Farrell

Assistant Professor

Elliott School of International Affairs

George Washington University



© 2008 Te German Marshall Fund o the United States. All rights reserved.

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E [email protected]

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copies are also available. o request a copy, send an e-mail to [email protected].

GMF Paper Series

Te GMF Paper Series presents research on a variety o transatlantic topics by sta, ellows, and partners o theGerman Marshall Fund o the United States. Te views expressed here are those o the author and do not neces-

sarily represent the view o GMF. Comments rom readers are welcome; reply to the mailing address above or by

e-mail to [email protected].

About GMF

Te German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF) is a non-partisan American public policy and grant-

making institution dedicated to promoting greater cooperation and understanding between the United States

and Europe.

GMF does this by supporting individuals and institutions working on transatlantic issues, by convening leaders

to discuss the most pressing transatlantic themes, and by examining ways in which transatlantic cooperation can

address a variety o global policy challenges. In addition, GMF supports a number o initiatives to strengthendemocracies.

Founded in 1972 through a gi rom Germany as a permanent memorial to Marshall Plan assistance, GMF

maintains a strong presence on both sides o the Atlantic. In addition to its headquarters in Washington, DC,

GMF has seven ofces in Europe: Berlin, Bratislava, Paris, Brussels, Belgrade, Ankara, and Bucharest.



Balancing National Security and Commerce

Information politics in the new transatlantic agenda

A Report to the German Marshall Fund of the United States

March 2008

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1 For further discussion of the Safe Harbor arrangement and itsnegotiation, see Henry Farrell, “Constructing the InternationalFoundations of E-Commerce: The EU–U.S. Safe Harbor Ar-rangement,” International Organization57, 2: 277-306, 2003.

Introduction

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3 Henry Farrell, “Privacy in Europe Suffers in Terror War,” TheFinancial Times op-ed page, July 2, 2006.

4 “Agreement between the European Union and the United Statesof America on the Processing and Transfer of Passenger NameRecord (PNR) Data by Air Carriers to the United States Depart-ment of Homeland Security (DHS) (2007 PNR Agreement,”Official Journal of the European Union L204/18, August 4, 2007.

5 Commission Staff Working Document: Proposal for a CouncilFramework Decision on the Use of Passenger Name Record (PNR) for Law Enforcement Purposes: Summary of the Impact

Assessment , COM (2007) 654 Final, available at http://www.statewatch.org/news/2007/nov/eu-com-pnr-ia-summary-sec-1422.pdf.

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For analysis of the first part of the PNR negotiations, see Dor-othee Heisenberg, Negotiating Privacy: The European Union,the United States and Personal Data Protection, Boulder: LynneRiener, 2005.




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6 Eric Lichtbau and James Risen, “Bank Data is Sifted by U.S.in Secret to Block Terror,” The New York Times (June 23, 2006);Dan Bilefsky, “Data Transfer Broke Rules, Report Says,” The

New York Times (September 28, 2006).

7 Article 29 Data Protection Working Party 01935/06/EN WP128 Opinion 10/2006 on the Processing of Personal Data by the

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication(SWIFT).

Department of the Treasure, Office of Foreign Assets Control,“Notice: Publication of U.S./EU Exchange of Letters and Ter-rorist Finance Tracking Program Representations of the UnitedStates Department of the Treasury,” Federal Register 72, 204,60054 (October 23, 2007).

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1 Stuart E. Eizenstat, Grant D. Aldonas and Frances G. Bur-well, Transatlantic Leadership for a New Global Economy, TheAtlantic Council of the United States, Washington, DC 2007.

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1 Abraham Newman, Transatlantic Cooperation and Conflict over Data Privacy Rules: Lessons for International Market

Regulation, Washington, DC: The German Marshall Fund of theUnited States, 2007.

13 Francesca E. Bignami, “European versus American Liberty:A Comparative Privacy Analysis of Antiterrorism Data Mining,”

Boston College Law Review, 48:609-698, 2007.

Changes to Domestic Structures

in the United States6



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con vullaorem

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Conclusions

7

Balancing National Security and Commerce

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