Toxicokinetics 2 Crispin Pierce, Ph.D. University of Washington [email protected] (206) 616-4390.
Balancing Act: Planning for a Sustainable Wisconsin Crispin Pierce, Ph.D. 28 December 2005.
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Transcript of Balancing Act: Planning for a Sustainable Wisconsin Crispin Pierce, Ph.D. 28 December 2005.
Balancing Act: Planning for Balancing Act: Planning for a Sustainable Wisconsin a Sustainable Wisconsin
Crispin Pierce, Ph.D.Crispin Pierce, Ph.D.
28 December 200528 December 2005
OutlineOutline
What Makes Wisconsin SpecialWhat Makes Wisconsin Special What are Sustainable ChoicesWhat are Sustainable Choices
Energy sourcesEnergy sources TransportationTransportation Housing densityHousing density
Sustainable Choice SummarySustainable Choice Summary QuestionsQuestions
What makes Wisconsin special?What makes Wisconsin special?
Why care about energy, Why care about energy, transportation and housing choices?transportation and housing choices?
Affects our health (e.g. current fine Affects our health (e.g. current fine particle emissions kill thousands of particle emissions kill thousands of people each year)people each year)
Affects our pocketbooks (e.g. billions of Affects our pocketbooks (e.g. billions of dollars spent on disaster cleanup and dollars spent on disaster cleanup and insurance)insurance)
Affects our children and their children Affects our children and their children (e.g. clean water, clean air, fishing, (e.g. clean water, clean air, fishing, hunting, a safe environment) hunting, a safe environment)
EnergyEnergy
What forms of energy do we need?What forms of energy do we need?
Energy: CoalEnergy: Coal
AdvantagesAdvantages Large US reservesLarge US reserves Known technologyKnown technology Potential for Potential for
lowering mercury lowering mercury emissions.emissions.
DisadvantagesDisadvantages NonrenewableNonrenewable Acid rainAcid rain Mercury in fishMercury in fish Particulate matterParticulate matter Global warmingGlobal warming
Energy: PetroleumEnergy: Petroleum
Advantages:Advantages: Known technologyKnown technology Infrastructure existsInfrastructure exists
DisadvantagesDisadvantages NonrenewableNonrenewable Air pollution (NOAir pollution (NOxx, ,
particulates, CO)particulates, CO) Drilling, piping, and Drilling, piping, and
refining effectsrefining effects Global warmingGlobal warming
Energy: NuclearEnergy: Nuclear
AdvantagesAdvantages Very low emissionsVery low emissions Relatively safeRelatively safe
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Major water needs Major water needs
for coolingfor cooling Extremely toxic Extremely toxic
spent fuel materials spent fuel materials Extremely long half-Extremely long half-
lives of these lives of these wasteswastes
Energy: WindEnergy: Wind
AdvantagesAdvantages RenewableRenewable Very low impactVery low impact Local generationLocal generation
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Need constant Need constant
windy conditionswindy conditions Batteries for Batteries for
storagestorage Startup costsStartup costs
Energy: Solar HeatingEnergy: Solar Heating
AdvantagesAdvantages RenewableRenewable Local generationLocal generation Low impactLow impact
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Need regular Need regular
sunlightsunlight Storage impracticalStorage impractical Startup costStartup cost
Energy: Solar PhotovoltaicEnergy: Solar Photovoltaic
AdvantagesAdvantages RenewableRenewable Local generationLocal generation Creates electricityCreates electricity Low impactLow impact
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Low efficiencyLow efficiency Batteries for Batteries for
storagestorage Startup costStartup cost
Energy: BiomassEnergy: Biomass
AdvantagesAdvantages RenewableRenewable Local generationLocal generation SimpleSimple
DisadvantagesDisadvantages ParticulatesParticulates Local deforestationLocal deforestation
TransportationTransportation
What’s important about our What’s important about our transportation?transportation?
http://www.transact.org/nrdc/ozone.htm
Transportation: Internal Transportation: Internal Combustion EnginesCombustion Engines
AdvantagesAdvantages Known technologyKnown technology Variety of engine Variety of engine
sizessizes
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Relies on Relies on
nonrenewable fuelsnonrenewable fuels Air and noise Air and noise
pollutionpollution Global warmingGlobal warming
Transportation: Hybrid EnginesTransportation: Hybrid Engines
AdvantagesAdvantages Much more fuel Much more fuel
efficientefficient QuieterQuieter Reduced air Reduced air
pollutionpollution
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Still relies on Still relies on
nonrenewable fuelsnonrenewable fuels Higher battery costHigher battery cost
Transportation: Fuel CellTransportation: Fuel Cell
AdvantagesAdvantages Water vapor Water vapor
exhaustexhaust
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Energy needed to Energy needed to
purify Hpurify H22
Explosion potentialExplosion potential Distribution systemDistribution system
Transportation: Flex-FuelTransportation: Flex-Fuel
AdvantagesAdvantages Utilizes renewable Utilizes renewable
ethanolethanol Greatly reduced Greatly reduced
global warmingglobal warming
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Current laws allow Current laws allow
increase in gas increase in gas guzzlers w/flex fuel guzzlers w/flex fuel carcar
Distribution systemDistribution system
Housing DensityHousing Density
What is important about our What is important about our housing?housing?
http://oklahoma.sierraclub.org/sprawl/figure1.jpg
Housing Density: SuburbsHousing Density: Suburbs
AdvantagesAdvantages Country land Country land
cheapercheaper Initial country livingInitial country living Appearance of Appearance of
safetysafety
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Added commute Added commute
time, cost and time, cost and pollutionpollution
Increased taxes for Increased taxes for roadsroads
Destruction of Destruction of farms, open space, farms, open space, forests, wetlands, forests, wetlands, etc.etc.
Housing Density: UrbanHousing Density: Urban
AdvantagesAdvantages Short/no commuteShort/no commute Close to businesses Close to businesses
and friendsand friends Lower tax costs for Lower tax costs for
infrastructureinfrastructure Preserves natural Preserves natural
land functions (e.g. land functions (e.g. clean water supply)clean water supply)
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Higher land costsHigher land costs Requires more Requires more
planningplanning
Sustainable Choice SummarySustainable Choice Summary
EnergyEnergy ConservationConservation Wind, solar, biomass emphasisWind, solar, biomass emphasis
TransportationTransportation Raise fuel economy standardsRaise fuel economy standards Hybrid enginesHybrid engines Flex-fuel vehiclesFlex-fuel vehicles
http://images.securedwebform.com/stock/300/toyota/prius/2002/4sa.jpg
Housing densityHousing density Urban, multiple use designUrban, multiple use design
http://www.homesalameda.org/graphics/urban.jpg
Questions?Questions?
Information SourcesInformation Sources
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ControlControl
Natural Resources Defense CouncilNatural Resources Defense Council Oklahoma Sierra ClubOklahoma Sierra Club