Bakteriell evolution - Mikrobiologi.net · Bakteriell evolution . Linus Pauling – Science is the...
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Bakteriell evolution
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Linus Pauling – Science is the search for truth
Biological evolution is genetic change in a population from one generation to another All life forms, incl humans,
evolved from earlier species.
All still living species of organisms continue to
evolve!
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Archae prokaryoter utan kärna (3,5 biljoner år)
-!metanogener anaerober, som producerar metan
-! Källa för naturgas
- halofiler - termofiler
- extremofiler
-! cyanobacteria bildade syre som avfallsprodukt o skapade ett aerobt
ecosystem -!heterotrofa bakterier
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•!Transfer of genomic islands (islands of DNA differing from core genomes, virulence)
•! - Yersinia and Salmonella PI – conjugation
•! -V cholerae PI transduction (phage)
•! - uptake of free pieces of DNA
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Migration map!!!
North America
Europe Asia
Australia South America
Africa
World map indicating the direction of human migrations (yellow arrows). The geographic centres of potentially distinct H. pylori genotypes/phenotypes are indicated by the red circles. Adapted from Covacci et al., 1999, Science.
Maps courtesy of www.theodora.com/maps
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Genomic feature H pylori C jejuni Hhepati-cus
H ducreyi
Type 4 secretion Yes no Yes yes
G+C content 39% 30% 36% 38,2%
ORFs 1500 1654 1776 1830
H hepaticus common genes
60% 65% 100% ND
CDT homologue No Yes No yes
Size 1.6 million bp
1.6 mbp
1.7 mbp
1.7 mbp
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Biofilm Både planktoniska o biofilm-
vibrioner i faeces hos patienter m kolera, MEN de i biofilm är mer
infektiösa. Bortfiltrering av partiklar >20 µm reducerade koleraincidens m 48%
(Dhaka) Hos de flesta Vibrio bidrar flagella
till biofilmbildning (V parahaemolyticus, V vulnificus, V
fischerii) V cholerae MSHA typ IV pilus, toxin
co-regulated pilus reglerar biolfilmbildn sekvensiellt, samt chitin-regulated pilus (ChiRP)
V parahaemolyticus MSHA o ChiRP Kapsel polysaccharid,
exopolysaccharid m fl, men hos V fischeri samma cellulosa gen cluster som hos Salmonella
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Bakterie – fag (virus) coevolution
Sker snabbt in vitro, men sker även i komplexa
mikrobiella microsystem (jord)
Bidrar till utveckling av både mer resistens och infektivitet Bakterier är mer resistenta mot tidigare fager än mot
nuvarande
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