Baking Soda and Vinegar Limiting Reactant Lab

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PPT Init: 1/24/2011 by Daniel R. Barnes CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3 NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O WARNING: As with all my power points, this one contains graphical images and/or other content taken from the world wide web without the permission of the owners of that intellectual property. Please do not copy or distribute this presentation. Its very existence may be

description

Baking Soda and Vinegar Limiting Reactant Lab. CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3  NaCH 3 COO + CO 2 + H 2 O. PPT Init: 1/24/2011 by Daniel R. Barnes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Baking Soda and Vinegar Limiting Reactant Lab

Page 1: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

PPT Init: 1/24/2011 by Daniel R. Barnes

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O

WARNING: As with all my power points, this one contains graphical images and/or other content taken from the world wide web without the permission of the owners of that intellectual property. Please do not copy or distribute this presentation. Its very existence may be illegal.

Page 2: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

SWBAT . . . . . . predict how many grams of carbon dioxide should be produced from a given number of grams of baking soda.

. . . use the idea of “limiting reactant” to explain the amounts of carbon dioxide produced by various amounts of baking soda reacting with a fixed amount of vinegar.

Page 3: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2Oacetic acid sodium

hydrogen carbonate

sodium acetate

carbon dioxide

water

Page 4: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

OO O

H H

O

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O

C

C

HH

OH

COOH

C

C

HH

O

H

Na

C OO

HNa

Page 5: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

OO

H

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O

C

C

HH

OH

COOHNa

Let’s animate this cartoon!

Page 6: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

“tare mass” = mass of empty container

“net mass” = mass of what’s in the container

“gross mass” = mass of container + contents

gross = net + tare

net = gross - tare

gross = contents + container

VOCABULARY FRONT-LOAD

Page 7: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

StabbyFlakes

Empty box = 0.25 pounds

Cereal = 3 pounds

StabbyFlakes

Box full of cereal= 3.25 pounds

NET WT 3 LBNET WT 3 LB

Page 8: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

StabbyFlakes

Empty box = 0.25 pounds

StabbyFlakes

Box full of cereal= 3.25 pounds

NET WT 3 LBNET WT 3 LB

TARE + NET = GROSS?

Cereal = 3 pounds

Page 9: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

HONORS “INQUIRY” MISSION:1. Experimentally determine how many grams of carbon dioxide can be produced by reacting baking soda with 100 grams of vinegar.

2. From this, use stoichiometry to determine how many grams of acetic acid is in 100 grams of vinegar.

Your period will get a bonus to everyone’s grade if you can share your data in such a way that you can produce a graph that shows grams of carbon dioxide produced for a variety of different amounts of baking soda.

Each student will be expected to write his/her own freehand lab report organized into the following sections: purpose, materials, procedure, data (including graphs), and conclusions (including math).

Page 10: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

HONORS RULES:50 mL beaker is ONLY for baking soda100 mL beaker is ONLY for baking soda

250 mL beaker is ONLY for vinegar

600 mL beaker has no special rules – but DO clean it @ day.

PROCEDURE is what you do with the physical objects, materials, and measuring devices. It may include a small amount of math, but the CONCLUSIONS section of the report is where the big math is.

Your group must have figured out its procedure by halfway through the period on Monday. I suggest conferring over the weekend via social media/e-mail/phone calls/whatever.

Page 11: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

HONORS REPORT:PURPOSE: your mission statement (? g CO2 producible w/100 g vinegar)

MATERIALS: chemicals, equipment

PROCEDURE: what you did with the chemicals & equipment + gross/net/tare math needed to do procedure

DATA: the information you gathered during the procedure

CONCLUSIONS: calculations based on data gathered (stoich for theo yield), graphs, discussion of various things such as difficulties in execution/technique errors/what you’d do differently next time, interpretation of graph (esp re: limiting & theoretical yields of CO2), . . .

Page 12: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

g

When you have the 600 mL beaker and the 50 mL beaker on the scale and they’re both empty, you’ve got a certain amount of glass on the scale.

251.4

Mass of emtpy container(s) = “tare” mass

NOTE: The scale pictured here is a digital scale, but, as of this writing, the lab worksheet says you’re supposed to use a triple beam balance. Sorry. TBB’s are too hard to draw. Bear with me.

Page 13: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

g 251.4

If you pour exactly 100 g of vinegar in the 600 mL beaker, your new total mass should be exactly 100 g higher than the “tare” mass.

351.4

If you pour exactly 100 g of vinegar in the 600 mL beaker,

“net” mass

Page 14: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

g

If you were to put exactly five grams of baking soda in the 50 mL beaker, that should bring the new gross mass up to . . .

351.4356.4

. . . 356.4 g

“net” mass

Page 15: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

g

If you dump the baking soda into the vinegar . . .

356.4

Page 16: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

g

If you dump the baking soda into the vinegar . . .

356.4

The chemicals react to form bubbles of carbon dioxide

Page 17: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

g 356.4

When the bubbles rose and popped, carbon dioxide escaped from the 600 mL beaker and into the air.

Therefore, the gross mass went . . .

353.8. . . down, in this case by 2.6 grams.

CO2CO2CO2

Page 18: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

g 353.8

We assume that however much the mass went down . . .

. . . is the amount of CO2 produced.

356.4 g = gross mass before the reaction353.8 g = gross mass after the reaction-

2.6 g = amount of CO2 produced

Page 19: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

g 353.8

The law of conservation of matter says that . . .

356.4 g = gross mass before the reaction353.8 g = gross mass after the reaction-

2.6 g = amount of CO2 produced

. . . matter can’t be destroyed during a chemical reaction.

The drop in mass doesn’t represent matter that was destroyed. It represents matter that went into the air.

Page 20: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

“that portion of chemistry dealing with numerical relationships in chemical reactions; the calculation of quantities of substances invovled in chemical reactions.”~Prentice Hall Chemistry, glossary, pg R117

That’s what your textbook says, but in this class, “stoichiometry” pretty much means . . .

“the process of calculating how many grams of one chemical are consumed/produced during a reaction when the number of grams of any other reactant/product is given.”

That’s what you’re going to have to be able to do on the CST, so that’s what you’re going to have to be able to do on my tests, too. Anything else is extra credit.

Page 21: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below:

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O17g g

17g NaHCO3

1x

g NaHCO3

mol NaHCO3

NaHCO3:Na:H:C:O:

1113

x 23x 1x 12x 16

= 23 = 1 = 12 = 48

84 g/mol

84 1

xmol NaHCO3

mol CO2 1 1

xmol CO2

g CO2

CO2: C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32

44 g/mol

441

17x 44 748

748 )

84 8.9

8.9

Page 22: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below:

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O17g g

17g NaHCO3

1x

g NaHCO3

mol NaHCO3

NaHCO3:Na:H:C:O:

1113

x 23x 1x 12x 16

= 23 = 1 = 12 = 48

84 g/mol

84 1

xmol NaHCO3

mol CO2 1 1

xmol CO2

g CO2

CO2: C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32

44 g/mol

441

8.9

The mass of the known substance goes on the top of the first fraction.

17x 44 748

748 )

84 8.9

Page 23: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

17g

17g NaHCO3

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below:

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2Og

1x

g NaHCO3

mol NaHCO3

NaHCO3:Na:H:C:O:

1113

x 23x 1x 12x 16

= 23 = 1 = 12 = 48

84 g/mol

84 1

xmol NaHCO3

mol CO2 1 1

xmol CO2

g CO2

CO2: C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32

44 g/mol

441

8.9

The molar mass of the known substance goes on the bottom of the second fraction.

17x 44 748

748 )

84 8.9

Page 24: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

g/mol

84

17g

17g NaHCO3

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below:

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2Og

1x

g NaHCO3

mol NaHCO3

NaHCO3:Na:H:C:O:

1113

x 23x 1x 12x 16

= 23 = 1 = 12 = 48

84

1 x

mol NaHCO3

mol CO2 1 1

xmol CO2

g CO2

CO2: C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32

44 g/mol

441

8.9

The coefficients go in the third fraction, known as the “mole ratio” fraction.

17x 44 748

748 )

84 8.9

Page 25: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

g/mol

84

17g

17g NaHCO3

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below:

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2Og

1x

g NaHCO3

mol NaHCO3

NaHCO3:Na:H:C:O:

1113

x 23x 1x 12x 16

= 23 = 1 = 12 = 48

84

1 x

mol NaHCO3

mol CO2 1 1

xmol CO2

g CO2

CO2: C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32

44 g/mol

441

8.9

Yeah. I know. There are no coeffcients in this equation. That’s why I put 1’s in the fraction.

17x 44 748

748 )

84 8.9

Page 26: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

1 1

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O

g/mol

84

17g

17g NaHCO3

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below:

g

1x

g NaHCO3

mol NaHCO3

NaHCO3:Na:H:C:O:

1113

x 23x 1x 12x 16

= 23 = 1 = 12 = 48

84

1 x

mol NaHCO3

mol CO2 xmol CO2

g CO2

CO2: C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32

44 g/mol

441

8.9

The molar mass of the unknown substance goes on the top of the last fraction.

17x 44 748

748 )

84 8.9

Page 27: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below:

17g NaHCO3

44 g/mol

44 1 1

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O

g/mol

84

17g g

1x

g NaHCO3

mol NaHCO3

NaHCO3:Na:H:C:O:

1113

x 23x 1x 12x 16

= 23 = 1 = 12 = 48

84

1 x

mol NaHCO3

mol CO2 xmol CO2

g CO2

CO2: C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32

1Okay. Now you do the same calculation, but for the 2 masses of baking soda your group used.

17x 44 748

748 )

84 8.9

Page 28: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below:

17g NaHCO3

44 g/mol

44 1 1

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O

g/mol

84

17g g

1x

g NaHCO3

mol NaHCO3

NaHCO3:Na:H:C:O:

1113

x 23x 1x 12x 16

= 23 = 1 = 12 = 48

84

1 x

mol NaHCO3

mol CO2 xmol CO2

g CO2

CO2: C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32

1I need to see the four-fraction chain for each calculation . . .

17x 44 748

748 )

84 8.9

Page 29: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

Imagine you pour 17 grams of baking soda into a large bucket full of vinegar. Assuming that that there is so much vinegar that it can easily neutralize all the baking soda, how much carbon dioxide should be produced? Assume that the baking soda and vinegar react according to the equation below:

17g NaHCO3

44 g/mol

44 1 1

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + CO2 + H2O

g/mol

84

17g g

1x

g NaHCO3

mol NaHCO3

NaHCO3:Na:H:C:O:

1113

x 23x 1x 12x 16

= 23 = 1 = 12 = 48

84

1 x

mol NaHCO3

mol CO2 xmol CO2

g CO2

CO2: C: 1 x 12 = 12 O: 2 x 16 = 32

1. . . and, somewhere on your paper, I need to see the molar mass calculations for NaHCO3 & CO2.

17x 44 748

748 )

84 8.9

Page 30: Baking Soda  and Vinegar  Limiting Reactant Lab

mas

s of

H2 p

rodu

ced

mass of Zn provided

0 30 60 90 120 1500

1

2

3

4

5

6

Black line = ?Grey line = ?Limiting reactant = ?Excess reactant = ?