Bailing Out: Bail and the Use of Remand in Canada
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Bailing Out: Bail and the Use of Remand in
CanadaDr. Nicole Marie Myers
University of Ontario Institute of Technology4 October 2013
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Imprisonment Rates (Total, Federal and Provincial) in Canada from
1958 to 2010Total, Federal, and Provincial Adult Imprisonment
Rate per 100,000 Residents
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Total Rate Federal Rate Provincial Rate
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Provincial Imprisonment Rates (Total, Sentences and Remand) in
Canada from 1978 to 2010Canada: Provincial Imprisonment
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Rate
per
100
,000
Res
iden
ts
Provincial Total Provincial Sentenced Remand
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Ontario Provincial Imprisonment Rate per 100,000 Residents 1978-
2010
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Average Remand Counts by Province (2009/2010)
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Percentage of Provincial Counts which are Remand, by Province
(2009/2010)
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Median number of days spent in remand by adults, by selected
provinces and territories, 1999/2000 and 2008/2009
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Admissions of adults to remand, by type of offence, selected provinces 2008/2009
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Total Crime Rate (excluding traffic offences) per 100,000 Residents for Canada and Ontario (1975-
2009)
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Why did this happen?
• Increase in case volume• Increase in case complexity (FTC)• Culture of adjournment• Risk aversion
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Setting people up to fail
• Require supervision • Impose numerous, onerous conditions of release• Questionable relation to allegations/grounds for
detention• Criminalization of non-criminal behaviour• Time to trial• Fail to comply
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Implications
• Presumption of innocence• Presumption of release on bail (least
restrictive)• Bail decision to be made quickly• Responsibilizing private citizens• Shifting locations of punishment