*THIT K & XY DNG PHN MM HNG I TNGViN CNG NGH THNG TIN & TT TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NIBi 01: Tng quan v XD phn mm

*Cc c im ca h thngu vo(Input)u ra(Output)Giao din(Interface)Thnh phn(Component)Mi trng(Environment)Phm vi(Boundary)Lin kt(Interrelationship)

*V d: Quy trnh x l n hngNhn n hngKim tra trng thi khch hngKim tra tn dng khch hngNhp thng tin v n hngHon thnh x l n hng

Vng i pht trin h thng(Systems Development Life Cycle SDLC)*Pha 1:Lp k hochPha 2:Phn tch h thngPha 4:Ci t KT HTPha 3:Thit k h thngPha 5:Vn hnh, bo tryu cu h thngb/c kh thiTi liu c t yu cuTi liu thit k h thngH thng ci t

Lp k hochGii quyt cc vn , cu hiTi sao phi xy dng HTTT ?Nhm d n pht trin h thng thng tin nh th no?Cc cng vic c thTm hiu d n c bt u v c nh gi ban u nh th noXc nh cc vn , c hi, mc tiuPhn tch SWOT (Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat) *

Phn tch h thngGii quyt cc vn , cu hiAi s s dng h thng?H thng s thc hin g, khi no, u?Cc cng vic c thPhn tch chin lc: phn tch hin trng, phng php s dng Thu thp yu cu: m hnh ha v phn tch cc yu cu xut m hnh h thng

*

Thit k h thngGii quyt cc vn , cu hiH thng s hot ng nh th no (phn cng, phn mm, mng, giao din ngi dng, modun chng trnh, CSDL, tp, )Cc cng vic c thChin lc thc hinKin trc h thng: phn cng, phn mm, mngThit k d liuThit k chng trnhThit k giao din*

Ci t h thngGii quyt cc vn , cu hiLp trnh, kim thCc cng vic c thPht trin ng dng: lp trnh, kim th, lp ti liu cho cc modun chng trnhCi t v nh gi Xy dng k hoch h tr v bo tr h thng

*

*Phn b chi ph cho cc hot ng

*S dng ti nguyn Khi lng ti nguyn s dngPht trin h thngThi gianKim thh thngCp nht thay i nhThay i ln trong nghip v v cng ngh

Mt s phng php pht trin HTPhng php ~ mt cch thc hin chu trnh pht trin h thng3 nhm phng phpCc phng php hng quy trnh Tp trung nh ngha cc hot ng gn vi h thngM hnh ha cc quy trnh vi lung vo/raCc phng php hng d liuTp trung nh ngha ni dung d liu lu trM hnh ha d liuCc phng php hng i tngCn bng gia d liu v quy trnh UML l mt ngn ng m hnh ha

*

*Mt s kiu pht trin h thng Phn tch thit k c cu trc (Structured Design)Chu trnh thc ncChu trnh tng trng / chu trnh song songPht trin nhanh ng dng(Rapid Application Development - RAD)Chu trnh xon cLm bn muHng lp trnh ng dng (Agile Development)eXtreme-Programming based

*M hnh pht trin thc nc(Waterfall Development Model)

*M hnh pht trin song song (Parallel Development Model)

Phng php pht trin nhanh DThc hin pht trin tng phn h thng vi mc ch chuyn giao cho ngi dng smCn s dng cc k thut v cng c tng tc qu trnh phn tch, thit k v ci t (vd: CASE computer-aided software engineering)*

*M hnh pht trin xon c(Spiral Development Model)

*Lm bn mu(prototyping-based)

Phng php pht trin linh hot (Agile Development)Tp trung vo bc ca chu trnh pht trin v hn ch vic s dng m hnh ha, xy dng ti liu ca cc bc trung gianPht trin ng dng n gin, lp i lp liS dng eXtreme Programming (XP) *

*eXtreme-Programming -based

Trao i thng tin (communication)n gin (simplicity)Phn hi (feedback)Th mnh (courage)

c imTng tc lin tcThit k n gin, s dng cc nguyn l v dng thc thit k chungNhm lm vic: ngi lp trnh, khch hng, ngi qun tr - khch hng trc din

*

Cc nhim v phn tchPhn tch nghip vPhn tch cc yu cu nghip v v vai tr ca h thng trong vic thc hin cc yu cu nghip v nya ra cc quy trnh nghip v mi v cc chnh schPhn tch h thngXc nh cng ngh s dngThit k cc quy trnh nghip v xut v HTTT theo quy chun*

*Phn tch v thit k h thngMc chXc nh cc vn , cc c hi, cc mc tiuPhn tch cc dng thng tin vo/ra S dng my tnh x l t ng cc thng tinYu cuM hnh ha quy trnh nghip vXy dngBn tm lc nghip vM hnh nghip vQu trnh nghip v

Cc phng thc kho stPhng vn (Interviews)JAD Joint Application DesignBn cu hi (Questionnaires)Phn tch ti liu (Document Analysis)Quan st (Observation)

*

Phng vnMc ch:Hiu c nghip v thc hin v kin ca nhng ngi ang thc hinNm bt c hin trng h thngNm bt c mc tiu, t chc nhn s v cc yu cu i vi h thngCc bc c bnXc nh mc tiu phng vn & la chn ngi phng vnThit k cu hi phng vnChun b cho cuc phng vnTin hnh phng vnLp ti liu v nh gi cuc phng vn

*

La chn ngi phng vnMc tiu ca phng vnXc nh cc lnh vc cn tm hiuLit k cc s kin mun thu thpt c cc tng, cc ngh v cc kinChn ngi phng vnDa trn nhng thng tin cn thu thpC vai tr khc nhau: ngi thc hin trc tip, ngi qun lBm st c cu t chc *

Chin lc t cu hi*

Xc nh v phn tch yu cuXc nh h thng phi lm gyu cu chc nng v yu cu phi chc nng3 k thut phn tch yu cu: BPA, BPI v BPRGi tr thc tChi ph thc hinRi ro5 k thut thu thp yu cuPhng vn, JAD, bn cu hi, xem xt ti liu, quan stCn la chn v phi hp cc k thut ph hp*

Vng i pht trin h thng(Systems Development Life Cycle SDLC)*Pha 1:Lp k hochPha 2:Phn tch h thngPha 4:Ci t h thngPha 3:Thit k h thngPha 5:Vn hnh, bo tryu cu h thngb/c kh thiTi liu c t yu cuTi liu thit k h thngH thng ci t

Nhim v c th ca pha PTHTXc nh yu cu

Phn tch yu cu

M hnh ha d liu v nghip v

Chuyn sang thit k h thng

*

Yu cu l g ?Gm nhng chc nng h thng phi thc hinGm nhng c im h thng phi cTp trung vo nghip v ca ngi dngC th thay i trong qu trnh pht trin h thng (qua cc pha khc nhau)

*

Phn loi Yu cu chc nng (Functional Requirements)Quy trnh h thng phi thc hinThng tin h thng phi lu tr v x lYu cu phi chc nng (Nonfunctional Requirements)V vn hnhV hiu nngV an ton bo mtV thi quen, tp tc, cc rng buc,

*

5 loi yu cuXut (output)

Nhp (input)

Cc qu trnh (process)

Hiu sut (performance)

iu khin (control)

*

Ti liu haTi liu c t yu cuVn bn lit k danh sch cc yu cuCc c im, tnh cht cn c

Xc nh phm vi h thngNhng g thuc h thng Nhng g khng thuc h thng*

Xc nh yu cuHiu h thng hin ti Xc nh cc thay i mong mun thc hinXc nh h thng cn xy dngPht hin cc yu cu cn c trong h thng miBusiness Process Automation (BPA) Thch hp vi nhng thay i nhBusiness Process Improvement (BPI) Thch hp vi thay i trung bnhBusiness Process Reengineering (BPR) Thch hp vi thay i ln

*

T ng ha quy trnh nghip v (BPA)

Gip hot ng ca ngi dng tr nn hiu qu hn (efficiency) *

Xc nh cc kh nng ci thin h thng hin ti Phn tch vn Phng vn ngi dng Xc nh cc vn Tm gii phpPhn tch nguyn nhnt gi thit v l do vn tn tiTm hiu cc vn n sauV d*

Ci thin quy trnh nghip v (BPI)

Gip quy trnh x l tr nn hiu qu hn (efficiency & effectiveness) *

Phn tch v thi gianTnh ton thi gian cn cho mi bc x lTnh ton thi gian cn cho ton b quy trnhSo snh 2 ch s thi gian chnh lch cng ln th kh nng ci thin cng caoGii php tim nngNhm/tch hp cc bc x l gim s lng cc bc x l trong quy trnhSong song ha thay i quy trnh tng cc bc c th x l song song

*

Phn tch v chi ph thc hinTnh ton chi ph thc hin mi bc x lXem xt c chi ph trc tip v chi ph gin tipTp trung vo vic gim chi ph cho cc bc c chi ph cao*

BenchmarkingTm hiu cch thc hin cng 1 nghip v ca cc t chc khc nhau

xut cc thay i trong quy trnh nghip v

*

Phn tch kt quXem xt nhng kt qu (outcome) mong mun t pha khch hngXem xt nhng dch v em li cho khch hng

*

Phn tch cng nghTm hiu cc cng ngh lin quanPhn tch v kh nng p dng cc cng ngh trong quy trnh nghip v yu cuPhn tch v li ch ca vic p dng cc cng ngh ny trong nghip v yu cu

*

Loi b cc x l d thaXem xt nh hng ca tng x l i vi h thngC th loi b mt (bc) x l no khng?Kim tra cc kh nng c th

*

So snh cc k thutGi tr thc t (i vi t chc s dng, khai thc)Chi ph d nMc chi tit ca phn tchRi ro*

Nguyn Th Thu Trang, SE-FIT-HUTEssentials of Visual Modeling w/ UML 2.0 - Instructor NotesNguyn Th Thu Trang, SE-FIT-HUTEssentials of Visual Modeling w/ UML 2.0 - Instructor NotesNguyn Th Thu Trang, SE-FIT-HUTEssentials of Visual Modeling w/ UML 2.0 - Instructor NotesData Management in Distributed EnvironmentsV Tuyt Trinh, DIS-FIT*