Bahan Kajian MK. Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
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Transcript of Bahan Kajian MK. Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
Bahan Kajian MK. Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
Smno.psdl.pdkl.ppsub.des.2013
MENUJU PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN
Sustainable Development
Hierarchical system
A four-tier system was adopted for the evaluation of sustainable development within the community. Its components were:
1. Principles of sustainable development;2. Criteria of sustainable development;3. Indicators derived from criteria;4. Verifiers to measure specific strategic actions, whose qualitative or
quantitative values allow comparison of results over time.
The next step was to identify the principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers covering the following three areas of evaluation: socio-
economics; ecology and the environment; and community culture and self-management. Each of these three areas has its own respective
principles of sustainability, just as each principle has its own criteria, each of which has its indicators and, lastly, its relevant verifiers.
A principle provides the framework for sustainable forest development.
It constitutes a fundamental law or truth as the basis for a rationale or action, and provides the justification for the
criteria, indicators and verifiers generated .
For the purposes of the study, a principle was considered an achievable goal in the social and ecological process of
sustainable development.
The hierarchical system in the evaluation model comprised the following basic principles of sustainability.
Principle 1:
Respect and concern for community life favour
sustainable development.
This is an ethical principle.
It means that development should not
take place to the detriment of other
external groups not linked to the community
in question.
Externalities are common in virtually every area of economic activity. They are defined as third party (or spill-
over) effects arising from the production and/or consumption of goods and services for which no
appropriate compensation is paid.
http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/externalities/what_are_externalities.htm
Principle 2:
The harmonious development of people, natural resources and the environment is what
sustains the quality of human life. What is really demanded of development is that it better the
quality of people's lives.
Economic growth is an important component of
development, but cannot be a goal in itself. Sustainable
development is only real if it makes the life of the
community better in every sense. https://community.accelrys.com/community/accelrys_blog/blog/
2010/06/02/pareto-optimization
In fact, given our stated goals, the only formulations of even tentative interest are those depicted by the blue points. These
are the Pareto-optimal points, which together make up the Pareto front, named after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto.
The points on the Pareto front are said to dominate the other points.
Principle 3:
Conservation and protection of
biodiversity and the environment favour
sustainable development.
Conservation-based development
necessarily includes deliberate action to
protect the structure, functions and diversity of ecosystems and of
the environment.
Sub-objectives associated with the community objective of resource conservation and their
associated importance scores.
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol5/iss2/art24/
Principle 4:
Forest ecosystem management must not exceed the capa-city of the ecosystem. The limits of ecosystem functioning vary from one ecosystem to another. Policies need to bring the number of people and their livelihoods into balance with
the capacity of the ecosystem.
This capacity must be developed through careful management designed to provide quality goods and services in a sustainable way. Furthermore, the continuous interaction among people, natural resources and the environment must
be managed to cause the least possible damage to the ecosystem.
Principle 5: The culture of the
community must be in line with sustainable
development. People need to re-
examine their values and behaviour.
The community should promote values that
support the new ethics, and do away with those
incompatible with a sustainable way of life.
Interaction of the human social system with the ecosystem
http://gerrymarten.com/human-ecology/chapter01.html
Principle 6: Community self-management and
ownership are fundamental for
sustainable development.
Properly informed, motivated, committed
and responsible communities can and must contribute to the
decisions affecting them and play a crucial role in
sustainable development
Five Modalities Model of Community Development
http://tedshelton.blogspot.com/2010/11/five-modalities-model-of-community.html
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www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5189e/y5189e05.htm
Sustainable State Project1. Joint project between Local government and State
Government2. Creates goals and indicators to identify and track
important sustainability issues3. Integrates academic, private sector, governmental and
citizen expertise4. Links government programs to ensure implementation5. Broad Target Audience - accessible and informative to
all New Jerseyans6. Comprehensive - covering economy, environment, and
society
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New Jersey Future
1. 14 year-old nonprofit organization
2. Work with government and business
3. Designed NJ’s Sustainable State goals and indicators process
4. Develop and advocate solutions to NJ’s sustainable development and land use issues
regulatory compliance
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The risk management approach allows
companies to save money by anticipating and
avoiding expenditures arising from
environmental damage, and by minimizing the cost of complying with
future legislation. In addition, operating costs can be reduced
through waste minimization, pollution
prevention and the elimination of health &
safety hazards.
Netherlands Green Plan
1. To achieve sustainability in one generation
2. Sets measurable goals3. Tracks progress toward meeting goals4. Utilizes integrated planning, across
governments, departments and industry sectors, to achieve the goals
5. Widely recognized and supported by citizens
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What Did We Learn?
Seeing Things Differently Is The First Step Toward Doing Things Differently
Without Clear Goals for the Future, and a System to Track Progress, You are
Just Spinning Your Wheels
www.bsdglobal.com/sd_journey.asp
www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/.../att_c907xe01_e_10106.html
Sustainable business strategies
Business strategies for sustainable development mark the final phase in the journey. The aim is to seek win-win situations
which can achieve environmental quality, increase wealth, and enhance competitive advantage.
Companies integrate sustainable development into their business strategies.
Sustainable development is a natural extension of many corporate environmental policies. In the pursuit of economic,
environmental and community benefits, management considers the long-term interests and needs of the
stakeholders.
Sustainable business strategies
Sustainable development strategies uncover business opportunities in issues which, in earlier stages of the journey,
might be regarded as costs to be borne or risks to be mitigated.
Results include new business processes with reduced external impacts, improved financial performance, and an enhanced
reputation among communities and stakeholders.
For the business enterprise, sustainable development means adopting strategies and activities that meet the needs of the
enterprise and its stakeholders today while protecting, sustaining and enhancing the human and natural resources
that will be needed in the future.
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Sustainable development and environmental protection compared
Similarities:By protecting the environment we support sustainable development. A healthy environment means clean air,
unpolluted water and healthy soil, which are necessary for the survival of future generations.
The preservation of natural resources supports sustainability. Many environmental concepts like reuse and recycling allow
us to save natural resources for future generations. Environmental training and education support sustainable development. While working to protect the environment we
learn more about the world around us and improve our ability to identify solutions for sustainable development.
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Sustainable development and environmental protection compared
Differences:Environment is just one of the components embedded in the concept of sustainable development. Society and economy are equally important.
Although it is necessary to protect the environment it is not always sufficient, since a healthy environment does not necessary mean a prosperous society
or a healthy economy. Sustainable development is a goal of the entire society. Thus a participatory
approach is an integral part of sustainability Sustainable development explores the relationships between environmental, social and economic benefits. Environmental protection is often limited to the
impact on nature.
Environmental protection implies reducing adverse effects, not necessarily allowing future generations to inherit the same amount of natural, social and
economic wealth as their predecessors. Whereas environmental protection is often regulated, sustainable
development involves going beyond compliance.
Creating Goals & Indicators• NJ Leaders Create
Draft Goals• NJ academics and
experts create draft indicators
• Large Statewide Forums, Small Regional and Topical Forums
• State agency review
• Diverse review committee
• Third Sustainable State Conference - Release Goals & Indicators
www.eolss.com/eolss/5a.htm
“Sustainable development” is development that will “... meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
Definition from the
1987 Brundtland Commission
(The World Commission on Environment
and Development)
www.rice.re/presen2.htm
A Sustainable StateThis symbol
represents what a Sustainable State would look like.
Each of the three rings, economy, environment and
society, is a system that we rely on to
support us.
Unless all three are functioning and
healthy, we will not be sustainable. You
canít pull on one, to the exclusion of the
others.
Sustainable State Goals1. Economic Vitality2. Equity3. Strong Community,
Culture & Recreation
4. Quality Education5. Good Government6. Decent Housing7. Healthy People
1. Efficient Transportation & Land Use
2. Natural & Ecological Integrity
3. Protected Natural Resources
4. Minimal Pollution & Waste
GOAL: Economic Vitality
An economy that is competitive, diverse and attractive to business; that maintains and
expands assets and capital; that provides a variety of entry-, middle- and high-level jobs;
and that promotes the well-being of New Jersey’s communities and its workforce.
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1. Income2. Unemployment3. Productivity4. Poverty5. GSP6. Energy efficiency.
Sustainable Development with
reference to Different forms of Capital
GOAL: Economic Vitality
GOAL: Efficient Transportation & Land Use
A choice of efficient, convenient, safe and
affordable transportation and land use options,
providing access to jobs, shopping,
recreational centers, schools, airports and
rail centers.
This Goal, for Efficient Transportation and Land Use, is obviously key to
the success and future of New Jersey businesses.
www.sectur.gob.mx/wb/secturing/sect_ing_desti...
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GOAL: Efficient Transportation & Land Use
1. Need for road and bridge repairs
2. Vehicle miles traveled
3. Workplace transportation options
4. Traffic fatalities
www.suzlonfoundation.org/program_framework.html
GOAL: Protected Natural Resources
The complex interactions among the different
dimensions of sustainable
development
www.eolss.com/eolss/5a.htm
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GOAL: Protected Natural Resources1. Energy consumption2. Farmland3. Beach and bay
closings4. Preserved and
developed land.
The six major systems of the anthroposphere and their major relationships. These six sector systems can be aggregated to the
three subsystems: Human System, Built System
(Human Engineered System) and Natural System.
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ejournal.nbii.org/archives/vol3iss1/0602-007....
GOAL: Minimal Pollution & Waste
Minimize the generation and accumulation of
pollution and waste; maximize the use of efficient, clean and sustainable energy
sources; and increase consumer choices for ecologically friendly
products.
www.wasteawarecampus.org.uk/hierarchy.asp
GOAL: Minimal Pollution & Waste
1. Greenhouse gas releases
2. Drinking water quality
3. Solid waste production
4. Air pollution
www.davidkrohn.net/
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Solid Waste Production
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Other Indicators
1. Mortality (Life Expectancy)
2. Infectious Diseases3. Housing Affordability4. Wage Equality5. Voter Turnout6. Knowledge of
Government7. Standardized Test
Scores.
An understanding of the sustainability of the
natural system lies at the confluence of many
disciplines
Where Are We Now?1. “Living With The
Future in Mind II” Released With Targets
2. Nearly 20,000 Copies of I & II Distributed
3. Executive Order #96 Signed
4. State Government Begins Implementation
5. Businesses and NGO begin Implementation
6. Transition and Planning for Institutionalization
1. Pursue policies which comport with the 11 sustainability goals.
2. Establish institutional mechanisms, and collaborate in the exchange of information, to facilitate the achievement of these goals.
3. Report to the Governor, and every year thereafter, on their progress toward goal attainment.
All State Agencies and Departments Shall:
SUSTAINABILITY GOALS
PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONS(Performance Measures)
SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORSAND TARGETS
Menuju pembangunan berkelanjutan
NJDEP Implementation
1. Strategic Planning and NEPPS2. Sustainability “Lens” and Assessment3. Silver and Gold Track4. NJ/Netherlands “Aide Memoire” on Global
Warming5. Linking Targets and Programs (e.g.
Greenhouse Gas Action Plan)
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DEP Mission
SustainableState
DEP Strategic Plan
NEPPS* Performance Partnership Agreement
Program Work Plans/Budget
• Society• Environment• Economy
* NEPPS = National Envi ronmental Performance Partnersh ip System - Includes reporting on 9 goals & over 100 indicators
II. NJ’s RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PLAN
DO
CHECK
ADAPT
Other Departments and Agencies
1. Higher Education Capital Fund (Education)2. Budget Guidelines for Sustainability
(Management and Budget)3. Sustainable Housing Program (Community
Affairs)4. Indicator Tracking (All Agencies)5. Interagency Work Group on Sustainable
Development - “Governing With The Future In Mind” (All Agencies)
Where Are We Now?1. “Living With The
Future in Mind ” Released With Targets
2. State Government Begins Implementation
3. Businesses and NGO begin Implementation
4. Transition and Planning for Institutionalization
Business Implementation
1. Participation in Silver Track2. Corporate Responsibility3. NJ Sustainable Business Alliance4. Self Assessment and Corporate
Sustainability Reports 5. Sustainability “Seal of Approval”6. Participants and Watchdogs
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NGO Implementation• Participants and
Watchdogs• Local Partners
and Mimics - Morris 2000, Hunterdon 2020, Passaic Tomorrow
• NGO Partners - ANJEC, NJ Future, NJHEPS, Affordable Housing Network
Transition and Institutionalization
1. Institutionalize the goals and indicators inside and outside of government
2. Work with the business community to adopt and implement the goals
3. Work with local government and communities to “nest” goals and indicators
INSTITUSIONALISASI
Governing With the Future In Mind
Living with the Future
in Mind
Citizen Participation Strategic Planning
• Research • Benchmarks • Credibility • Broad Outreach
Permanent Non-governmental
Home
Permanent Governmental Home• Stability • Broad Scope
• Implementation
NON-GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT2001 and Beyond
Transisi & Institusionalisasi
1. Institutionalize the goals and indicators inside and outside of government
2. Work with the business community to adopt and implement the goals
3. Work with local government and communities to “nest” goals and indicators
Jalan menuju cita-cita & tujuan pembangunan
Transisi & Institutionalisasi
1. Institutionalize the goals and indicators inside and outside of government
2. Work with the business community to adopt and implement the goals
3. Work with local government and communities to “nest” goals and indicators
State Indicators
State Goals
Local Goals
State Plans & Operations
Local Indicators
Local Plans & Operations