BAGAN EARTHQUAKE 2016

BAGAN, MYANMAR

WHERE IS MYANMAR?

~ Shwe Dagon Pagoda ~

“The Golden Rock”Kyaik Htee Yoe

~ Inle Lake ~

~ Mandalay ~

Pangaea

Sagaing FaultBagan

Bagan is in the Subduction Zone, (Indian Plate Under the Eurasian Plate)

So the Depth of Earthquakes are deep, less Damage

Hypocenter(focus)

Epicenter

depth

~ BAGAN ~

Seismic WaveBody Wave1.P-Wave2.S-Wave

Surface Wave3.Rayleigh4.Love Wave

P – Wave : Primary / Pressure WaveLongitudinal Wave

S – Wave : Secondary / Shear WaveTransverse Wave

Rayleigh Wave

Love Wave

Richter magnitude scaleLocal Magnitude

PS

Depends on Distance & Amplitude

Logarithmic Scale

Increase in 1 Mcorresponds

10 times larger Amplitude• Conventional seismometers

measure certain frequencies

• The Signal from Large Earthquakes weren’t not adequately represented.

• Underestimate the size of Large Earthquakes

based on:

• Rigidity of Rock ()

• Distance that one block slips relative to other block (D)

• Area that ruptured between the blocks (A)

Modern Electronic Seismometers can record and interrupt broader spectrum of seismic signals

Moment Magnitude

BAGAN EARTHQUAKE 1975 Magnitude 6.5 8 July 1975 6:36 pm local time 2 people died, 15 injured The depth of earthquake - 157 km(USGS Earthquake Information Centre) Subduction and collision of India Plate and Burma

Platelet is ongoing and this earthquake was happened at the interface of those two plates.

BAGAN EARTHQUAKE 2016• Magnitude – 6.8• 24th August 2016, 5:04 pm local time • Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong)• estimated depth - 84.1 km (Intermediate Focus, P-Wave

Strong)• Over 200 temples in the nearby ancient city of Bagan were

damaged (700 to over 1000 years old temples)• 4 people were reported dead.(2 to shaking, 2 to landslides)

DAMAGES

Lower Part: Vertical, Gravitational SystemCan withstand P-Waves (Not Damage)

Architecture of Bagan Temples Upper Part Collapse

Fisrtly,P-Wave Brake the Upper part

Vertical UP-DOWN Motion

Upper part falls due to S-Wave

Lateral Motion

Italy Earthquake 2016

WHY DOES THE DESTRUCTION SEEM TO BE WORSE IN ITALY WHEN THE EARTHQUAKE WAS

LARGER IN MYANMAR?• Same day• Magnitude 6.2 in Italy and magnitude 6.8 in Myanmar• The epicenter of this quake was 52 miles (84 kilometers) below

the surface.• Italy’s earthquake was much shallower, and it was more

destructive because of the proximity to the surface.• In Italy, they are often building on flat mesas that may shake

more, and many buildings are older structures made from stone.

THANK YOU!