Bacteriology is the BEST! Eastern Fish Disease...
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1 Bacteriology is the BEST! Self introduction: My wild and wondrous career in veterinary bacteriology. Pre-graduation Externship 1972 Eastern Fish Disease Laboratory Kearneysville, West Virginia Needed More Training Fish Medicine Sounds Challenging Blood sampling small fish can be a terminal event. I learned many valuable skills, but a PhD in microbiology is what landed me my first real job. Oral dosing a channel catfish fingerling. 1976-1983 Hey Dad, I finally got a REAL job!
Transcript of Bacteriology is the BEST! Eastern Fish Disease...
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Bacteriology is the BEST!
Self introduction:
My wild and wondrous career in veterinary bacteriology.
Pre-graduation
Externship 1972Eastern Fish Disease Laboratory
Kearneysville, West Virginia
Needed More Training Fish Medicine Sounds Challenging
Blood sampling small fish can be a terminal event.
I learned many valuable skills, but a PhD in microbiology is what landed me my first real job.
Oral dosing a channel catfish fingerling.1976-1983
Hey Dad, I finally got a REAL job!
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Leptospira hardjo in Antelope
Theresa Gallegos
Catching your research subjects can be a bit challenging.
Septicemic pasteurellosis: Pasteurella haemolytica Type TWe developed the first oral challenge model
Dr. Francisco Suárez GüemesCoordinador del Programa de Maestría y Doctoradoen Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud AnimalUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Sabbatical #1 - Denmark
Antigenic analysis was necessary to improve diagnostics which was necessary to interpret seroepidemiology.
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University of Wisconsin2006
Men’s & Women’sCollegiate Hockey
ChampionsWomen NCAA Champs in
2007 and 2009 also.Women NCAA Champs in
2007 and 2009 also.
Pasteurella multocida – Type D
Atrophic rhinitis
It takes a lot of team members to make a project successful.
Veterinary bacteriologists can to it all. ’90-91 Sabbatical: Veterinary Research Instute, Attwood, Australia
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How can paratuberculosis spread in an extensive, pastoral dairy husbandry system? I mastered computer modeling and decision analysis that year.
1995-96:Eradication of Johne’s in 12 monthsAnother team effort.
STILL 100% free of Johne’s: March 2002.
A new kind of patient –a new kind of client –a new kind of challenge.
A new kind of patient –a new kind of client –a new kind of challenge.
More new clients: more learning opportunities.
Every day brings a new opportunity.
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Sabbatical Time ! 1996-97: The Netherlands
Challenge: high rate of false-positive ELISAs.
Yes, zoo animals get bacterial infections too.
Invitation to speak in Korea in 2000.Successfully recruited a graduate student.
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Sabbatical #4: Universidad Austral de Chile; 2004-2005
Japan, October 2007
Switzerland, November 2007 Czech Republic, June 2009
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Multiple Canadian speaking engagements
Prince Edward Island – 2008, 2009 & 2010
A world of possibilities
Be a Veterinary Bacteriologist! Intellectual challenges
From the bench to the barn
Freedom to work on any problem you wish
Diversity: it’s never boring Travel Teach stimulating students You never stop learning Good income The chance to make a difference
Is it easy?
If it was easy-they would call it
pathology.
Veterinary Bacteriology & MycologySpecific PathogensVPM 201
Michael T. Collins, DVM, PhD, DACVMDrop in 407N to see me any time or…..
e-mail me: [email protected]
Beast Bug
Business
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The FOCUS of this course
Key question:
How does this…..
Cause this? Teaching-Learning Challenge
AppliedBacteriology
New organisms Changing environments
Human-animal interactions
MolecularBacteriology
Genetic sequencesNew techniquesMore information
Problem solving requires
Molecular- Micro- & Macro-biology
Popular term: Integrative biology
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One MedicineOne Bacteriology
My Toyota 4-RunnerModel of Bacterial Infections
Roughly the way my 4-Runner looked in February 28, 1999
My Toyota March 1, 1999 Accidents Involve Three Factors
Agent(driver)
Environment(road conditions)
Host(car)
Car Factors:
Host
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Host Characteristics Affect Probability of Adverse Outcomes
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%
Percentage of occupant fatalities in rollovers in
2001
Passengercars
Vans &minivans
Pickups SUVs
National Highway Traffic Safety Admin.; Time February 24, 2003
Driver Factors:Age / Inexperience
Agent
Road Conditions Can be Critical Factors in Accidents
Environment
Bacterial Infections are Also Accidents
Agentbacteria
Hostanimal
Environmentclimatic factors
management system
Beast Bug
Business
For veterinary medicineI call this the………
Bacterial Infections are Accidents With Three Main Parts
Fixing Accidents Involves Medicine and Surgery
My daughter, Katrina,
March 1999 (age 16)
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With a combination of skill and luck everything can turn out OK.
Preventing Accidents Requires Knowing….
BacteriologyImmunology
and Epidemiology
And,….It is not ONLY About Animal Disease
YOU are going to be an integral part of the food production system –
even if you do not practice food animal medicine.
YOU are going to be an integral part of the food production system –
even if you do not practice food animal medicine.
Food-borne InfectionsThose most common and most likely to originate from animals
1,13221,7961,604,204Total
21,10586,731Yersinia
55315,6081,341,873Salmonella
4992,2982,493Listeria
26942110,649E. coli – other
521,84362,458E. coli O157
DeathsHospitalizationsIllnessAgent
Mead et al. Emerging Infectious Diseases 5:607, 1999.
USA Today September 19, 2006
Food-borne InfectionsThose most common and most likely to originate from animals
1,13221,7961,604,204Total
21,10586,731Yersinia
55315,6081,341,873Salmonella
4992,2982,493Listeria
26942110,649E. coli – other
521,84362,458E. coli O157
DeathsHospitalizationsIllnessAgent
Mead et al. Emerging Infectious Diseases 5:607, 1999.
USA Today September 19, 200665% of all new and
emerging human diseases are zoonotic.
65% of all new and emerging human
diseases are zoonotic.
Preventing Bacterial Infections Requires Knowing How they Happen
Knowing does NOTmean memorizing.
Bacterial infections are stories
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Learning Methods:How Much do People Retain?
Boring readingBoring lectures
Laboratories
Oral quizzes/responding in class
Lab & lecture courses
Lab + lecture + participation in class
Teaching Expectation
Students must “meet me half-way”. We BOTH must come to lecture
prepared to engage with the subject.
Specifically, read the relevant book chapter before class Demonstrate your knowledge before
and during lecture using “clickers”
Tell Me The Story…….Answer 10 Simple Questions
Where did this infection come from?
How are animals exposed?
How does this bacterium cause disease?
Why does the animal have these signs?
How do you test to make a diagnosis?
Will the infection spread?
How do I treat the infection?
What is the prognosis?
How can I prevent this?
Can the infection affect humans?
Beast Bug
BusinessClickers
Anonymous Instant feedback Results tabulated
By question; visible to all By student; grade book
Questions before start of the lecture.
Questions during the lecture.
Clickers made possible in part by a grant from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.
Clicker Use
Clickers made possible in part by a grant from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.
On button
Send / submit answer
Answer selection; A-I
Clicker no.
Battery statusSending/receiving
Signal strength
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CORRECT!
My philosophy:
School is not a spectator sport!
No matter how many times you watch basketball or see someone ride a bike, you’ll never learn the skills needed for these tasks without getting a ball in your hands or sitting on a bike.
Bacteriology is no different. To learn you must get in there and TRY. The more effort you put in, the more you will get out of the time you spend in this class.
Tell me and I forget. Show me and I remember. Involve me and I understand.
Chinese proverb
Clicker Motivation
Percentage maximum questions correct (best student) X 25
Added to 75 points on final exam.
Teaching is like coaching.
You are athletes in training.
We are on the same team!
Microbes in Perspective>99.99% beneficial or innocuous
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Benefits of Microbes: Normal microflora limit space
& nutrients for pathogens. Digest food & synthesize
vitamins and nutrients. Synthesize antimicrobial
compounds. Produce foods, e.g. yogurt, &
silage & act as probiotics. Natures #1 recyclers.
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Agentbacteria
Hostanimal
Environmentclimatic factors
management system
Beast Bug
Business
A bacterial agent that can cause disease in a fully immunocompetent host is called:
A. Obligate pathogenB. Primary pathogenC. Commensal pathogenD. None of the above
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) causes sudden death
Northwestern Minnesota, Summer 2001Northwestern Minnesota, Summer 2001
Bacillus anthracis, a large Gram-positive rod, is never found in healthy cattle
Enlarged spleen
Given these facts, Bacillus anthracis is:
A. An obligate pathogenB. A primary pathogenC. A commensal organismD. Two of the above
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E. coli is normal in the lumen of the gut and abnormal in the bladder; a cause of cystitis in multiple animal species.
The E. coli cystitis situation is an example of:
A. Biofilm formationB. The virulence of this pathogenC. An obligate pathogenD. An opportunistic pathogenE. Target organ specificity
Tetanus is a common disease of animals and humans caused by infection with the Gram-positive bacillus, Clostridium tetani.
Clinical signs are due to release of a bacterial toxin that affects the nervous system leading to rigid paralysis.
Tetanus toxin is an example of a bacterial exotoxin.
A. TrueB. False
Mycobacteria (stained red) grow inside host macrophages (left photo) and can be cultured on agar slants (right photo).
Mycobacteria are obligate intracellular pathogens.
A. TrueB. False
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Tomorrow’s Lectures:
Chapter 4 – Staphylococcus, 7 pages Chapter 5 – Streptococcus, 11 pages
