Bacterial production and Microsystin in Lake Taihu GUANG GAO Nanjing Institute of Geography &...
27
Bacterial production an Bacterial production an d Microsystin in Lake d Microsystin in Lake Ta Ta ihu ihu GUANG GAO Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS 2007.03.26
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Transcript of Bacterial production and Microsystin in Lake Taihu GUANG GAO Nanjing Institute of Geography &...
Bacterial production and MicrBacterial production and Microsystin in Lakeosystin in Lake TaihuTaihu
GUANG GAO
Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS
2007.03.26
OutlineOutline
Bacterial abundance, biomass aBacterial abundance, biomass and production in Lake Taihund production in Lake Taihu
Microsystin in Lake TaihuMicrosystin in Lake Taihu
Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu
Main characteristics of this area:
Surface area: 120 Km2
Mean water depth: 1.95 mMean width: 7.0 KmMean length: 15.0 Km
R
May/98 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan/99 Feb Mar Apr May/99
Ba
cte
ria
l a
bu
nd
an
ce
(*1
0e
9 ce
lls
l-1 )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Ba
cte
ria
l b
iom
as
s ( g
C l-
1 )
0
200
400
600
800
Ba
cte
ria
l c
arb
on
pro
du
cti
on
( g
C l-
1 h-1
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
BA BBBCP
B
May/98 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan/99 Feb Mar Apr May/99
Ba
cte
ria
l a
bu
nd
an
ce
(*1
0e
9 ce
lls
l-1 )
0
5
10
15
20
Ba
cte
ria
l b
iom
as
s ( g
C l-
1 )
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Ba
cte
ria
l c
arb
on
pro
du
cti
on
( g
C l-
1 h-1
)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
O
May/98 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan/99 Feb Mar Apr May/99
Ba
cte
ria
l a
bu
nd
an
ce
(*1
0e
9 ce
lls
l-1 )
0
5
10
15
20
Ba
cte
ria
l b
iom
as
s ( g
C l-
1 )
0
100
200
300
400
Ba
cte
ria
l c
arb
on
pro
du
cti
on
( g
C l-
1 h-1
)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
•The river mouth, which was ca.
55% higher than the mean in M
eiliang Bay and almost twice as
high as the open lake.
• At river mouth, the total bacte
rial biomass was 364±225 μg C
l-1, i.e. ca. 1.5 and 2.2 times high
er than bay and the open lake.
• The difference between the hi
ghest and lowest value was ca.
tenfold at the river mouth, only
ca. fivefold were in Bay and the
open lake.
Bacterial abundances and production
The mean percentage of active bacteria versus total bacterial abundance varied from 34% to 28% in the river mouth, Meiliang Bay and the open lake.
Variation of the active cells between sites was smaller than the variation in abundance and biomass.
R
May/98 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan/99 Feb Mar Apr May/99
Ce
ll p
rod
uc
tio
n (
10
-9l-1
h-1)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ac
tive
ce
lls
(%
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
cell production Active cells
B
May/98 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan/99 Feb Mar Apr May/99
Ce
ll p
rod
uc
tio
n (
10
-9l-1
h-1)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ac
tive
ce
lls
(%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
O
May/98 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan/99 Feb Mar Apr May/99
Ce
ll p
rod
uc
tio
n (
10
-9l-1
h-1)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ac
tive
ce
lls
(%
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Nu
mb
er
of
acti
ve
bacte
ria (
*10
6 c
ells m
l-1)
0
5
10
15
20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Nu
mb
er
of
acti
ve
bacte
ria (
*10
6 c
ells m
l-1)
0
5
10
15
20
Bacterial abundance (*106 cells ml-1
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Nu
mb
er
of
acti
ve
bacte
ria (
*10
6 c
ells m
l-1)
0
5
10
15
20
R
B
O
The relationship between total bacterial abundance and the number of active bacteria
Total phosphorus concentration (mg l-1)
00.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Bacte
rial
ab
un
dan
ce (
* 10
6 cell
s m
l-1)
0
10
20
30
40
00.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Bacte
rial
ab
un
dan
ce (
* 10
6 cell
s m
l- 1
)
0
10
20
30
40
00.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Bacte
rial
ab
un
dan
ce (
* 10
6 cell
s m
l-1)
0
10
20
30
40
R
B
O
The total phosphorus concentration vs the total bacterial abundance (filled circles) or the number of active bacteria (open circles) at different sites of Lake Taihu.
The original total phosphorus data were taken from the
yearbook of TLLER, CAS.
0 5 10 15 20
Ba
cte
ria
l c
arb
on
pro
du
cti
on
( g
C l-1
h-1)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Ba
cte
ria
l c
arb
on
pro
du
cti
on
( g
C l-1
h-1)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Phytoplankton biomass (mg l-1)
0 1 2 3 4 5
Ba
cte
ria
l c
arb
on
pro
du
cti
on
( g
C l-1
h-1)
0
50
100
150
200
R
B
O
Correlation of bacterial carbon production measured by both [3H]-TdR (filled circles) and [14C]-Leu (open circles) and phytoplankton biomass. ( River mouth, r2 =0.676, n=13, p=0.001 and r2 =0.680, n=13, p=0.001, Meiliang Bay, r2 =0.219, n=39, p=0.003 and r2 =0.235, n=39, p=0.002)
The original phytoplankton biomass data were taken from
the yearbook of TLLER, CAS.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Bacte
rial ab
un
dan
ce (
*10
6 c
ells m
l-1)
0
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Bacte
rial ab
un
dan
ce (
*10
6 c
ells m
l-1)
0
10
20
30
40
Chl-a concentration (g l-1
)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Bacte
rial ab
un
dan
ce (
*10
6 c
ells m
l-1)
0
10
20
30
40
R
B
O
The Chl-a concentration vs the total bacterial abundance (filled circles) or the number of active bacteria (open circles).
The original phytoplankton biomass data were taken from
the yearbook of TLLER, CAS.
Cell Size (m3)
.001 .01 .1 1
Freq
uenc
y (%
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
R B O
O
B
R
Bacterial cell volumes were rather small !!( All pictures were taken by using the same sampling time and at the same magnification of 1250 X. Bar = 10 μm. )
X Data
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Ce
ll v
olu
me (
m3)
0.00
.02
.04
.06
.08
.10
.12
.14
.16
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Ce
ll v
olu
me (
m3 )
0.00
.02
.04
.06
.08
.10
.12
.14
.16
Water Temperature (oC)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Ce
ll v
olu
me (
m3)
0.00
.02
.04
.06
.08
.10
.12
.14
.16
R
B
O
No significant correlation between the water temperature and bacterial cell volumes was found.
Time
May98Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May99
C-c
onte
nt (f
g)
0
10
20
30
40
50
R B O
• The cellular carbon content fluctuated ca. twofold during the year at all sites.• No significant changes in the temporal distribution was found.
AreaArea ProtozoaProtozoa RotiferRotifer CladoceraCladocera CopepodaCopepoda
River River Mouth Mouth
Mean±S.EMean±S.E7.9±2.07.9±2.0
( n =60)( n =60)
43.9±4.543.9±4.5
( n =60)( n =60)
39.0±4.539.0±4.5
( n = 60 )( n = 60 )
9.3±2.49.3±2.4
( n = 67 )( n = 67 )
Meiliang Meiliang Bay Bay
Mean±S.E Mean±S.E 1.2±0.21.2±0.2
( n = 180)( n = 180)
12.3±1.712.3±1.7
( n = 180)( n = 180)
67.8±2.567.8±2.5
( n = 180)( n = 180)
18.2±1.818.2±1.8
( n = 180 )( n = 180 )
Open Open area area
MeanMean±±S.ES.E1.4±0.51.4±0.5
( n = 60 )( n = 60 )
4.34.3±1.4±1.4
( n =60 )( n =60 )
58.158.1±±4.54.5
( n = 60 )( n = 60 )
36.236.2±±4.44.4
( n = 60)( n = 60)
The biomass composition in different parts of the lake
Grazing Pressure
Time
May98 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May99
Cilia
te a
bu
nd
an
ce
(*1
03 id
./L
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
R B O
The temp. and spatial distribution of Ciliate abundance
Bacterial abundance (*109 cells l-1)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Cil
iate
ab
un
da
nc
e (
*103 c
ell
s l-1
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
The relationship between ciliate abundance and total bacterial abundance (filled circles) and active bacterial abundance (open circles).
32μm 16μm 1μm0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
flagellate grazing rate (d-1)
Bacterial growth rate (d-1)Grazing (mgC.m-3.d-1)
Gra
zin
g (
mg
C.m
-3.d
-
1)G
row
ing
rat
e (d
-1)
Flagellate are the main bacteria consumer, which can be contributed 90.7% of the grazing.
12 11 8 7 5 3 0 9
Site 11, 12: the area covered by macrophyte
Site 9: highly polluted area
Site 0: river mouth
Site: 3,5 the bay
Site 7,8: the open lake
Bacterial diversity by using PCR-DGGE method
Microsystin in Lake TaihuMicrosystin in Lake Taihu
Temporal distribution of Microsystin in different part of Lake Taihu
The whole lake distribution of Microsystin Season distribution of Microsystin
The spatial distribution of annual mean value of Microsystins
The relationship of parameters and the concentration of Microsystin
River mouth Meiliang Bay Open Lake Wuli Bay
Water Temperature
0.593* 0.818** 0.119 -0.002
Transparency 0.401 -0667* 0.368 0.060
DO 0.448 -0.315 -0.067 -0.310
SS -0.566 0.673 -0.357 0.196
TN -0.853** -0.627* -0.277 -0.389
TP 0.692* 0.874** -0.371 0.077
PO43- 0.172 0.000 0.031 0.559
Chla 0.168 0.594* 0.396 -0.644*
PH 0.310 0.755** 0.302 -0.533
CODMN 0.601* 0.846** 0.070 -0.413
*P<0.05; **P<0.01
The relationship of biological parameters and the concentration of Microsystin
River mouth Meiliang Bay Open Lake Wuli Bay
Algal biomass 0.021 0.818** 0.487 -0.525
Cyanobacteriabiomass
0.593* 0.720** 0.119 -0.002
Rotiferbiomass
0.748** 0.505 0.522 0.214
Protozoa biomass
0.333 0.424 0.238 0.294
Cladocera, Copepodabiomass
-0.42 -0.308 0.252 -0.165
*P<0.05; **P<0.01
0.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
1400.0
1 3 5 7 9 11
Incubation time (d)
MC
con
cent
ratio
n (n
g/L)
The change of MC concentration in the incubation of natural algae bloom
(A) Pure culture Microsystis: 5×105cells/ml (B) Mixed culture, Microsystis sp. :2.5×103cells/ml ， Scendesmus obliqaus: 2.5×105cells/ml (C) Mixed culture, Microsystis sp.:2.5×105cells/ml ， scendesmus obliqaus 2.5×103cells/ml
Thank you Thank you
for your for your attention!attention!
