Bacterial Meningitis. Inflammation of the meninges.
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Transcript of Bacterial Meningitis. Inflammation of the meninges.
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Bacterial Meningitis
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Inflammation of the meninges
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Caused by bacteria, Viruses , fungus, parasites, cancer and certain drugs
An empyema occurring in the brain as an result of meningitis.
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Age Group Causes
Newborns Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes
Infants and Children Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b
Adolescents and Young Adults
Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Older Adults Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
One of the top contributors ear infections and can cause Pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Gram positive containing polysaccharide capsule prevents the bacteria from undergoing phagocytosis
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Listeria monocytogenes
Normally causes Listeriosis
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Gram positive bacteria that uses the protein “internalin” to attach to a cadherin protein found in the blood brain barrier.
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Neisseria meningitidis
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Gram negative bacteria, has trimeric autotransporter adhesin or adhesion proteins which to bind to host cells.
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These bacteria can live normally inside of your body and never cause meningitis.
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Through an ear infection, head trauma, neural surgery or an compromised immune system, the chances of contracting meningitis are greatly
increased.
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The bacteria grows inside the Subarachnoid space in cerebral spinal fluid
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The cerebral spinal fluid contains everything these bacteria could want.
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Bacterial Meningitis since can be caused by many different bacteria has an incubation period ranging for 2-10 days with 4 days being the average.
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The bacteria release endotoxins (cell membrane and cell wall fragments).
Gram positive (Streptococcus, Listeria) -cell wallGram negative(Neisseria ) -cell membrane, cell wall
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The immune system recognizes the endotoxins inside the CSF and begins killing the bacteria. Creating dead bacteria and dead white cells (pus) called an empyema.
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This inflammation puts pressure on the brain.
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Sudden onset of Headaches, neck stiffness, fear, confusion, vomiting, irritability, skin rashes, inability to tolerate light or loud noises
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These bacteria can be spread through nose and throat body fluids.
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High risk groupsInfancyElderlyImmunocompromisedHead traumaneural surgeryEar infectionsCollege studentsMilitary recruits
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The body cannot handle this disease on its own. Untreated bacterial meningitis has a mortality rate of 50%.
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Even with early treatment 5-10% of the patients die within the first 24-48 hours since the onset of symptoms. While others can survive but be deaf or develop epilepsy or other cognitive issues.
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Blood cultures are used to determine signs of inflammation and a lumbar puncture is used to definitively test for the presence of bacteria in the CSF
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The bacteria cultures are grown an are tested with gram staining.
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Patients who show these symptoms are immediately put on corticoid steroids, which reduce the bodies inflammatory response.
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Bacterial Meningitis is so virulent that treatment is started before the result of the staining and LP are known, with treatment being changed when the results are known.
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The treatment is based upon any information the doctors have available. Certain strains and their resistances are more predominate in certain regions.Some symptoms (rashes) only occur in certain strains (Neisseria)
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The MCV4 Vaccine can prevent 4 types of bacterial meningitis.
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The MCV4 contains no active bacteria, only an antigen taken from a polysaccharide capsule. This is sugar capsule that the bacteria uses to avoid phagocytosis.
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