BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Adrian S. Mausig (M.S. Entomology)

BACILLACEAE CAUSAL ORGANISM(S) SUSCEPTIBLE HOST(S) SYMPTOMSI. Foulbroods

A. American Foulbroods Bacillus larvae Honeybee larvaeBrownish discoloration of the normally white larva; gluepot or burned-glue odor of the brood; ropy, gummy consistency of the larval remains.

B. European Foulbroods Bacillus alvaei Honeybee larvae“Pepper-box” appearance of the comb; Moist, “melting” appearance, and larvae became flattened and translucent.

C. Parafoulbrood Bacillus para-alvaei Honeybee larvae Combination of that of the American and European foulbroods.II. Bacillus Infection of the Silkworm

A. Flacherie Bacillus bombycis SilkwormB. Dysentery Bacillus sotto Silkworm

III. Milky DiseasesA. Type A Milky Disease Bacillus papillae Japanese beetle Increased opacity of the legs; milk-white appearance of the grub.B. Type B Milky Disease Bacillus lentimorbus Japanese beetle Muddy-brown discoloration instead of milky white.

C. New Zealand Milky DiseaseSporeforming bacterium similar, but distinct from, B. popillae

New Zealand cockchafer, Odontria zealandica Similar to those of the milky disease of the Japanese beetle.

IV. Infections Caused by Related Bacilli

Bacillus cereusSouthern armyworm, Prodenia eridania; American cockroach, Periplaneta americana; Indian mealworm, Plodia interpunctella

Septicemia

Bacillus subtilis Larvae of wax moth, Galleria mellonella; Mealworm, Teneberio molitor

Bacillus thuringiensisLarvae of Mediterranean flour moth, Ephesti kuhniella; European corn borer, Ostrinia nubinalis

ENTEROBACTERIACEAEI. Coliform Infections

A. Dysentery and Septicemia of Grasshoppers

Coccobacillus acridiorum Locusts Dysenteric and septicemic conditions

B. Hronworm Septicemia Bacterium sphingidisTobacco hornworm, Protoparce sexta; Tomato hornworm, Protoparce quinquemaculata

Anal and oral discharge; loss of appetite.

C. Cutworm Septicemia Bacterium noctuarum Cutworms Diarrhea; oral discharge; loss of appetite.D. Potato beetle Septicemia Bacterium leptinotarsae Potato beetle Loss of appetite; dead insects fall to the ground.

II. Other Enterobacteriaceae InfectionsA. Salmonelloses Salmonella schottmuellari var. alvei Adult honeybees

B. Diarrhea of the HoneybeeProteus alveicola in association with Bacterium coli apium

Adult honeybees

BACTERIACEAEI. Toxic Septicemia of the Squash Bug Bacterium entomotoxicon Squash bugsLACTOBACTERIACEAE

I. Diplococcus InfectionsDiplococcus melolonthae Cockchafers, Melolontha melolonthaDiplococcus pieris Cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae

II. Streptococcus InfectionsA. European foulbrood Streptococcus apis (associated) Honeybee larvaeB. Gattine Streptococcus bombycis Bombyx moriC. Diarrhea Streptococcus disparis Caterpillars of gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar

MICROCOCCACEAE

I. Micrococcus InfectionsMicrococcus nigrofaciens June-beetle larvaeMicrococcus neurotomae Larvae of sawfly, Neurotoma nemoralis

PSEUDOMONADACEAEI. Spring Disease Pseudomonas septica Caterpillars of turnip moth, Euxoa segetum

II. Other DiseasesPdeudomonas aeruginosa Larvae of wax mothVibrio leonardii European corn borer; wax moth larvae

SPIROCHAETALES INFECTIONSI. Septicemia Borrelia anserina Fowl tick, Argas persicusII. Spirochete Sepicemia in Caterpillars Spirochaeta pieridis Pieris rapae larvae

III. Other DiseasesBorrelia recurrentis Several arthropodsBorrelia thieleri Cattle ticksSpirochaeta culicis Anopheles masulipennis; other mosquitoes