Bacteria. Prokaryote – single celled with no nucleus Eubacteria – peptidoglycan (a carbohydrate)...
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Transcript of Bacteria. Prokaryote – single celled with no nucleus Eubacteria – peptidoglycan (a carbohydrate)...
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Bacteria
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Prokaryote – single celled with no nucleus
• Eubacteria – peptidoglycan (a carbohydrate) cell wall
• Archaebacteria – cell wall of lipids, no peptidoglycan in the cell wall
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Identifying Prokaryotes
• Shape a. bacilli – rod shaped b. cocci – spherical shaped c. spirilla – corkscrew shapehttp://biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/bio106/bacteria.jpg
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Identifying Prokaryotes
• Cell Wall – use gram stain i. gram positive has peptidoglycan wall ii. gram negative has no peptidoglycan wall
• Movement – may or may not move >flagella >lash, snake, or spiral forward >glide on slime like secreted layer
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Metabolic Diversity
• Heterotrophs: chemotrophs & photoheterotrophs
• Autotrophs >photoautotrophs – ex. Cyanobacteria http://steel.ced.berkeley.edu/cris/
hiddenecologies/HE/wp-content/uploads/ 2006
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Metabolic Diversity
• >chemoautotrophs – energy from chemical reactions is used to make food (from ammonia, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrites, sulfur, or iron)
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Growth & Reproduction
• Binary fissionhttp://www.biology-resources.com/drawing-amoeba-reproduction.html
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Growth & Reproduction
• Conjugation http://americanscientist.org/Libraries/images/thumbnail/20033711443_307.gif
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Growth & Reproduction
• Spore Formation: structures of DNA & some cytoplasm (formed when conditions were unfavorable for growth) remain dormant for months or years until the right conditions existhttp://ppdl.purdue.edu/PPDL/images/daylily_rust_spores400x.jpeg
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Importance of Bacteria
• Decomposers – recycle nutrients & maintain equilibrium
• Nitrogen fixers – changenitrogen gas into useable compound plants can usewww.windows.ucar.edu/earth/climate/images/ nitrogencycle.jpg
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Importance of Bacteria• Human use – make food & beverages, clean up oil
spills, remove waste products from ground, synthesize drugs & chemicals, make vitamins our bodies need (E.coli in large intestine)
www.javno.com/slike/slike_3/r1/g2007/ www.fotosearch.com/LIF145/pdb07006/ http://library.thinkquest.org/J002755/graphics/vitamins.gif
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Viruses
• Virus: particles of nucleic acid, protein, & sometimes lipids (typically DNA or RNA core with a protein coat) >only reproduce by infecting living cells >use living cells to make more virusesImage by Karsten Schneider/Science Photo Library
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Viruses
• Capsid: protein coat of a virus >capsids bind to cell host & “trick” the cellto let the virus inside the healthy cell
• Bacteriophages: viruses that only infect bacteria
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Viral Infection
• Lytic – virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself, & causes the cell to burst
• Lysogenic - virus combines its DNA with the host cell and the viral DNA replicates with the host’s DNA
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Viral Infection
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Retroviruses
• Viruses that contain RNA
• Named retro because they copy genetic information from RNA to DNA (usually genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA
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Retroviruses
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HIV VIRUS
• www.chm.bris.ac.uk/.../levasseur/images/hiv.GIF
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The “take-home” message
• STAY HEALTHY
• WASH YOUR HANDS, ETC.