Bacteria

Flesh Eating Bacteria

What are the two domains of bacteria?

• Eubacteria

– “Good” or “true” bacteria.

– Live everywhere

– Cell wall with peptidoglycan

• Archaebacteria

– “Old” bacteria

– Live in extreme environments (hot springs, high salt

concentrations, etc)

– Cell wall without peptidoglycan

What type of cells are bacteria?

• Prokaryotic

– No Nucleus or membrane bound organelles

• Unicellular

– Contain one cell

Three basic shapes of bacteria

• cocci - round shape

• bacilli - rod shape

• spirillum - spiral shaped

Arrangements of bacteriaBacteria can also arrange themselves in different ways

according to their shape

• Strepto - chains • Staphylo - clusters

Arrangement

• Streptococcus - Chain

Arrangement

• Streptobacillus - Chains

Arrangement

• Dicoccus - Two

Arrangement

• Staphylococcus - Clusters

Basic parts of a bacterium1. Nuclear Material (DNA)

• NO NUCLEUS!!!!

2. Cytoplasm

3. Ribosomes

4. Cell Membrane

5. Cell wall

• with and without peptidoglycan

• Gram positive and gram negative (only Eubacteria)

6. Plasmid (circular loop of DNA)

7. Fagellum

What is a flagellum?

Used for locomotion

What ways do they move?

• Flagellum

• Long whip-like

tail (shown)

• Slime

• Slime layer used

to slide

• Spiral Movement

• Spiral twisting

• No Movement

What two ways do bacteria

reproduce?

• Asexual

– Binary Fission

• Identical Cells

• Sexual (pseudo)

– Conjugation then

binary fission

• New Genetically Different Cells

How do bacteria obtain food?

• Autotrophic

– Make it themselves with the help of light or

inorganic matter and chemicals

• Heterotrophic

– Breakdown food, dead or decaying matter

(organic matter).

• decomposer

Do bacteria need oxygen?

• Yes

– Some need oxygen to help break down food.

• No

– Some cannot use oxygen and it is like poison

to them and kills the bacteria.

Can bacteria protect themselves?• Yes!

• Endospore

– A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell

– It contains the cell’s genetic material and some of its

cytoplasm.

– It can resist freezing, heating, and drying.

– They can survive for many years.

What good do bacteria

do for the planet?• Fuel

– Some Archaebacteria produces methane

• Food

– Bacteria assist in making food such as yogurt, pickles, cheese, apple cider.

• Recycling

– Breaking down dead and decaying matter (decomposer).

– Some bacteria are used to clean up oil spills.

• Symbiotic Relationships

– E. coli Vitamin K in Human Intestines

– Cow gut

Microbial Friends

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Turns milk into yogurt

Streptomycin

Makes streptomycin, an antibiotic

Escherichia coli

Aids in food

digestion

What are some bad things bacteria

do on the planet?

• Spoil food

• Cause Disease

– Food Poisoning

– Lyme Disease

– Strep Throat

– Tuberculosis (TB)

• Producing toxins that harm living things

– Tetanus, Botulism, Anthrax

How can you treat and prevent

bacterial diseases?

• Antibiotic

– chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth

without harming the body cells of humans

• Vaccine

– substance used in a vaccination that consists of

pathogens that have been weakened or killed, but

can still trigger the immune system into action.