Background on Women & Leadership In the U.S. St. Catherine University Global Womens Leadership...
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Transcript of Background on Women & Leadership In the U.S. St. Catherine University Global Womens Leadership...
Background on Women & Leadership
In the U.S.St. Catherine University Global Women’s
Leadership Convening: Women in Public LifeJuly 13-20, 2011
1960’s: First tracking of women in leadership roles in the U.S.
1970’s: Women hold 17% of U.S. professional and managerial positions
2010: Women represent 50% of all professional and managerial positions and small business owners in the U.S.
Women Rapidly Entered Leadership
• Only 15.7% of corporate officers are women in the U.S.
• Only 8 women CEOs in the Fortune 500• Tracking women in top leadership only
began in 1995
However, the numbers drop significantly at the highest levels of leadership:
An inadequate number of women in the “pipeline” is no longer seen as the cause of these low numbers.
If not this, what is the cause?
• In a study comparing men and women’s leadership style, women score higher in transformational leadership• Which produces the most positive leadership
outcomes • And results in advancement for men,
• Yet, it is less likely to result in career advancement for women
What about women’s leadership style?
• They have to outperform men to get the same rewards• They do not receive comparable salaries• They do not perceive that, all things being equal, a
women will be promoted over a man• They cite barriers to advancement that include exclusion
from formal networks, stereotyping and lack of accountability by leaders to promote women
• Only 30% believe they have the same opportunities as men
• 41% of current pay gap between men and women is “unexplainable”
Women leaders cite:
• Women’s continued primary responsibility for household and child rearing place added burdens that contribute to stress and burn-out.
• Women feel isolated in their work as leaders.• Many women leaders do not identify themselves
as leaders regardless of their many accomplishments.
• Women have few opportunities to collectively explore assumptions about leadership and gender.
What else is contributing?
• Women are caught in gender defined images of leadership:• They become “one of the boys” and risk violating
gender expectations for women.• They use transformational leadership approaches
consistent with gender norms for women and do not get seen as leaders.
• They think their lack of recognition is due to their own performance; they work to outperform everyone else, and many experience burn-out as a result.
The “Double Bind” for women leaders
How Three Waves of Feminism Have Impacted Women’s
Leadership
Women have the same capability to lead as men; women need access to the same leadership opportunities as men.
Wave
One
Women lead differently than men and women’s leadership style needs to be recognized as effective leadership.
Wave
TwoWomen are different from each other and our differences are as important as the fact that we are women; women leaders need to be treated as individuals.
Wave
Three
Three Waves of FeminismWomen’s Suffrage
Women’s Voice
Women’s Differentiation
All three waves continue to impact women in leadership
simultaneouslyAnd there is an emerging fourth
wave…
Wave
Four
Fourth Wave
Women ‘s Interconnectedness
Women (and men) recognize ourselves as multi-dimensional, support our individual differences, our equality, and our Interdependence, while focusing our efforts,together, on the wider global issues we face.