Back to Basics The Basics of Geography. What does that mean? Continent – large landmass bigger...
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Transcript of Back to Basics The Basics of Geography. What does that mean? Continent – large landmass bigger...
Back to BasicsThe Basics of Geography
What does that mean?
• Continent – large landmass bigger than an island.
• Country - A region, territory, or large tract of land distinguishable by features of topography, biology, or culture
• State - one of the constituent units of a nation having a federal government
• Province - an administrative district or division of a country
What is Geography
• Geography – (words were derived from the Greek)
– Geo – the earth
– Graphy- description of the earth
• Geography is the study of the earth in all of its variety
• There are many different types of geography– Physical (we study this in class)– Cultural – Political– Just to name a few
What is Geography
Why Study Geography
• Geography is necessary in our everyday lives. • Every time we walk outside, we are entering
into a part of geography• Getting around the school you use geography• You wouldn’t be able to go on vacation
without geography
What Do You Think
Tell me ways that you use geography in you everyday life.
The Continents
• There are 7 continents on the Earth’s surface• The order in terms of size are
– Asia– Africa– North America
– Each continent contains countries. For example Asia the continent has China as a country.
– North America the continent has the United States as a country
7 Continents
• Europe and Asia are sometimes referred to as this? – A: Eurasia
• Millions of years ago the continents were all connected and called this? ________________________– A: Pangea
Tell Me What You Think
• Which is the country, and which is the continent?– Paraguay and South America– Asia and Russia– Egypt and Africa– Europe and Greenland– England and Europe
Globes• A round scale model of the earth• The most accurate way to depict the earth• They accurately represent distance and
direction (ratio)• Discovered by the Greeks
Maps• Flat drawing of all or part of the earth’s
surface.• This is the name of a person who makes
maps?– A: Cartographer
• Maps are good because you can show small areas in great details
• There are many types of maps
Types of Maps• Physical Maps• Political Maps• Special Purpose Maps• Interrupted• Robinson• Mercator• Great Circle• Relief
Types of Maps• Physical & Political Maps are known as
__________________ purpose maps.– A: General
• Physical Maps:– ____________ shows how flat or rugged the land is.– A: Relief– ____________ the height above sea-level. (colorful)– A: Elevation– ____________ also show elevation, however they use lines
to display them. (________ lines) – A: Contour
Political Maps
• Generally very bright and colorful• Show political boundaries, countries, roads
etc.
Special Purpose Maps
• Maps that talk specifically about one thing. • Special purpose maps can be physical and
political • Examples: Rainfall, population, climate zones,
roads etc.
Interrupted• Resembles a peeled, flattened orange.• Represents continent land area close to true
form.• Good for comparing land area among
continents.
Robinson Maps• Minor distortions• Land on the Western and Eastern sides of the
map appear much as it does on a globe• Largest distortions occur in North and South
Poles
Mercator Maps• Shows true direction and land shapes
accurately• Size and distance are distorted• Areas that are far from the equator are largely
distorted usually appearing larger.
Types of Maps
• Small Scale Maps – Shows very little detail.
• Large Scale Maps - Show a small area with a lot of detail.
Large Scale Map
Small Scale Map
Large Scale & Small Scale Maps
Parts of a Map• There are five parts of a map– Title– Legend or Key– Compass Rose– Scale– Latitude & Longitude
Title & Key (Legend)
• Map title tells you what the map is about– Example: the Population Distribution of Mexico
• Key or Legend– Tells you what each symbol on a map means
Compass Rose• Compass Rose – tells you what direction
the map is referring to– North does not always have to be toward the top
of a page
Direction
• Cardinal Directions – four main directions, they include– North– South– East – West
Direction
• Intermediate Directions – Directions between the cardinal directions, they include– Northeast– Southeast– Northwest– Southwest
Scale
–Scale – gives the comparison of real distance to the distance on a map.• Can be shown by ratio•Miles• kilometers
Distance• Distance on a map is measured by a scale– Ratios– Kilometers/milesDistance makes the actual distance of an area easy
to find.
Hemispheres• When you look at the earth, you will find
that it is broken into 4 sections.–These four sections are known as
_______________.• A: Hemispheres
• The four hemispheres are • Northern• Southern• Eastern• Western
Latitude & Longitude• Latitude & Longitude - helps you
find an exact location on a map• The lines of latitude and longitude
form a grid system• Grid systems use letters and
numbers and do not give an exact location
Latitude & Longitude
• Latitude & Longitude are the lines on a map or globe that allows you to find an exact point (location)
• Lines of Latitude & Longitude criss-cross each other forming a grid.
Latitude
• Also called parallels• Are measured from the equator
• Equator is 0 degrees latitude
• North Pole – highest point of latitude is 90 degrees N latitude.
• South Pole – lowest point of latitude is 90 degrees S latitude.
• The highest degree of latitude is 90 degrees.
• Latitude lines measure north or south of the equator
Latitude
• Tropic of Cancer – 23 ½ degrees North Latitude – This line distinguishes the end of the tropics in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Tropic of Capricorn – 23 ½ degrees South Latitude – This line distinguishes the end of the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere.
• Arctic Circle – 66 degrees North latitude• Antarctic Circle – 66 degrees South latitude
Longitude
• Also called meridians• Are measured from the Prime Meridian• Prime Meridian is 0 degrees Longitude• International Dateline is 180 degrees
Longitude (time zones)• Longitude lines measure left or right of the
prime meridian • The highest degree of longitude is 180 degrees.
Latitude & Longitude• Always say latitude first
– 45 N, 70 W
Now lets practice(use pages RA2 & RA3 in textbook)
23 N, 45 E 66 S, 100 W
Oman Antarctic Circle
Hemispheres
• The four hemispheres are divided by the major lines of Latitude and Longitude. – Equator – divides the earth into the ________ &
____________ hemispheres. • A: Northern & Southern
– Prime Meridian – divides the earth into the ___________ & _____________ hemispheres. • A: Eastern & Western
Hemispheres
• Northern Hemisphere – above the equator• Southern Hemisphere – below the equator• Eastern Hemisphere – Right of the Prime
Meridian• Western Hemisphere – Left of the Prime
Meridian
Time Zones
• ______________________ starting point for all time zone
• A: Greenwich Mean Time
• Ending point for the time zones is ____________________– A: International Dateline
• Each time zone is 15 Degrees apart on the earth’s surface. ( 0-14, 15-29, 30-44 etc)
• Going east of GMT, time gets an hour later for each time zone.
• Going West of GMT, time get an hour earlier for each time zone
Time Zones• The re are 4 time zones in the continental
United States.– Eastern– Central – Mountain– PacificAlaska & Hawaii are not included in these time
zones, they have their own time zones.
Graphs• Bar Graphs• Line Graphs• Circle Graphs/Pie Charts• Pictograph